基于DEM数据的古沉积面的重建方法——以青藏高原东北缘青海贵德盆地为例

广泛使用的数字高程模型（DEM）数据使得古沉积面的恢复成为可能。以青藏高原东北缘的青海贵德盆地为例,分析对比了前人获取代表古沉积面地表露头样本数据的几种方法．提出了插值样本应选择露头中代表原始沉积地层的顶面点的优选方法,并提取了更新统地表露头顶面点的样本数据。通过分析样本的特征、比较插值的结果,选择了自然邻点法进行插值预测,重建了贵德盆地更新统的古沉积面。正确样本,最的提取加上合适插值算法的选择．优化了重建的古沉积面。     

基于最邻近时空距离的土地变化过程时空模式分析

土地利用/土地覆盖受人类活动和城市的快速扩张的影响发生了巨大的变化,这种变化对生态环境和地表景观的影响极大。土地利用/土地覆盖的变化过程既受自然、经济等多种因素的影响,也是人类活动规律和自然因素制约的外部表征。因此研究土地利用/土地覆盖的变化过程具有重要的意义。土地利用/覆盖变化的监测和分析,在传统的方法中侧重于分别对各个时空快照上土地利用结构的整体差异的研究,割裂了不同快照间土地利用单元在演化过程上的有机联系。本文以序列土地利用数据构成的土地变化过程为核心研究对象,在土地变化过程的最邻近时空距离度量的基础上,开展基于蒙特卡洛随机模拟的土地变化过程的时空聚集性度量,量化分析土地利用变化过程时空聚集模式的显著性。使用淮南市市辖区2008-2017年土地利用数据,选取典型的时空演化类型(任意2年间从"耕地"演变为"草地")进行实证研究,结果表明此类土地变化过程在过去10年呈现出时空聚集模式,但统计上并不显著。本文的研究有利于把握土地利用单元在时空上的演变过程,探查土地利用变化过程中潜在的时空演化模式。     

正则化距离准则的Wi-Fi位置指纹室内定位方法

针对K-近邻法中常规指纹相似度匹配准则未能充分利用测试点和参考点的几何距离信息问题,该文提出了正则化距离准则的Wi-Fi位置指纹室内定位方法。该方法较常规距离准则兼顾了测试点与参考点的指纹距离和可靠几何距离,仅增加了正则化距离和K-近邻位置估算的迭代流程。而且,该方法仅含一个正则化因子,确定方法简便且可解释性好。密集与稀疏参考点格网间距下智能手机Wi-Fi平面定位实验表明,所提方法在正则化距离准则下能够有效提高约20%的定位精度,其中曼氏和欧氏定位中误差不超过2m。     

Neighbor competition modifies demographic responses of desert dune annuals to gradients in sand stability

A field experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that competitive interactions affect demographic responses of desert dune annuals to gradients in sand stability. The experiment was based on a three-way factorial design with two types of neighbor treatments (complete neighbor removalvs. control), two types of habitats (stablevs. unstable sands) and two species which characterize sandy areas of the western Negev Desert (Neurada procumbensandBromus fasciculatus). Each of the eight treatment/habitat/species combinations was characterized by three demographic variables: seedling survival to reproduction, fruit number per reproductive plant and fruit number per seedling. All of these variables exhibited significant interactions between the effects of neighbor removal and habitat type, indicating that neighbor conditions were important in determining the observed patterns of demographic variation. Moreover, while plants ofNeurada procumbensgrowing without neighbors suffered more mortality on unstable sands, conspecific plants growing at natural density conditions suffered more mortality on stable sands. In the case ofBromus fasciculatus, individuals growing in the absence of competitive effects produced more fruits on stable sands, but conspecific plants growing at natural density conditions exhibited higher fruit production on unstable sands. These findings indicate that competitive effects not only modify, but may even reverse demographic responses of desert dune annuals to gradients in sand stability. Based on these results and evidence from two other studies it is suggested that seed dispersal from abiotically favorable into less favorable habitats may increase fitness of desert annuals by reducing the average effect of competition.     

Influence of borehole quantity and distribution on lithology field simulation

This paper aims to study the influence of the number and distribution of drill samples on the simulation accuracy of the lithology field. This research mainly applies the variation function method in geo-statistics, and determines important indicators such as the variation, and then the lithology field is simulated by sequence index simulation. It is shown that(1) simulation error decreases with the increase of sampling density;(2) at the scale and complexity of this study, when the sampling density reaches 40/km^2, the average error of the lithology field simulation can be less than 2.0%;(3) in the study mode of examples, the simulation results of random sampling in the whole region are the most ideal, with an average error of 5.4%. The average error of the simulation results of the centralized sampling is about 10 times that of the random sampling method;(4) known from the influence analysis of the degree of study sample unevenness influence on the imitation results, under the same sample size, the simulation error decreases with the increase of the most adjacent index. When the nearest index reaches 1, the simulation error will be less than 6%, and the error variable range is within 3%.     

应用自然邻接点插值法的块体非连续变形分析

传统的非连续变形分析法(DDA)采用线性位移模式存在诸多缺陷。为准确计算块体应力场,传统上一般直接增加位移函数的多项式阶次,或进行子块体划分或耦合有限元等改进措施,但应用上仍不够方便有效。建议引进无网格节点位移插值模式,采用自然单元法中的自然邻接点插值(NNI)法,具有插值特性,易于准确实施边界条件或材料连续性条件,且具有无网格特征和良好的计算精度,计算更快效。可在此基础上进一步分析大块体弯曲、裂纹扩展破坏形式等,以解决线性位移模式等的不足。     

Spatial variability of flow parameters in a stratified sand

The spatial variability in porosity, hydraulic conductivity, compressibility, and various grain size fractions is analyzed for several sets of samples from the Quadra Sand. This unit is a well-sorted, medium grained, horizontally stratified sand with relatively few silt or gravel interbeds. Both random and uniformly spaced sample plans are used. The heterogeneity of the flow parameters is characterized by frequency histograms and their estimated moments, by their sample autocorrelation functions, and the estimated power spectra. Emphasis is placed on the nature of the spatial dependence between neighboring values of the flow parameters. A nearest neighbor stochastic process model is fit to the data to consider its adequacy in describing the spatial dependence within the porosity and hydraulic conductivity sequences. Even though the Quadra Sand is relatively uniform, a fairly complex spatial structure is observed. A simple monotonically decaying autocorrelation function may not adequately represent the spatial continuity. Statistical anisotropy is observed in both the extent of the spatial autocorrelation and in its functional form. Results show the importance of scale in constructing a probability model to describe the spatial variability.     

基于改进DBSCAN算法的ICESat-2海面点数据去噪处理及精度评估

ICESat-2卫星搭载先进的光子计数式激光雷达ATLAS,使用全新的测量方式获取海量的光子点云数据.光子计数激光点云由于受海洋表面噪声以及水中穿透性较强等因素影响,现有的去噪算法在浅海区域海面去噪上存在一定的局限性.针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于改进DBSCAN参数的去噪算法,通过利用点云数据集自身分布特性生成候选...     

多种特征信息在高分辨率遥感影像目标识别中的应用研究

以Quickbird影像为研究对象,探讨了利用多种特征信息识别地物目标的技术方法.首先采用区域生长法将影像分割为若干个具有语义信息的对象,然后在此基础上提取对象的光谱、形状和纹理特征并进行描述,最后根据提取的特征参数,采用最近邻方法将影像分为建筑物、公路、铁路、水塘、耕地、林地和荒地7类地物目标,综合分类精度达到91.03%.研究表明,多种特征信息的综合利用,在目标分类与识别方面明显优于传统的基于单一光谱特征的方法,在一定程度内提升了遥感信息的智能化水平.     

铁尖晶橄榄石的穆斯堡尔谱研究

本文使用穆斯堡尔效应研究了在高温高压下合成的铁橄榄石和铁尖晶橄榄石。２９８Ｋ温度下铁橄榄石的穆斯堡尔谱由一组双峰组成，它被指派给Ｆｅ＾２＋（Ｍ１，Ｍ２）离子。２９８Ｋ温度下铁尖晶橄榄石的穆斯堡尔谱由三组双峰组成，其中两组双峰指派给八面体位置Ｂ上的Ｆｅ＾２＋，另一组双峰归为四面体位置Ａ上的Ｆｅ＾３＋，两组Ｆｅ＾２＋双峰的同质异能迁移近似相等而四极分裂不同，Ｓｉ原子在八面体位置上的占有率为６％～１０％