Asking the right questions: environmental conflict in the case of Azerbaijan

This paper contributes an empirical test of key themes of the literature on natural resource conflict. Survey and interview data from an ongoing project in Azerbaijan provide insights into an unexpected lack of conflict in Azerbaijan related to the environment, resources and energy despite the predictions of resource conflict literature. We contend that questions about public perceptions about the environment and other daily concerns are critical if we are to understand who is likely (or unlikely) to be involved in conflict and why. The data presented in this paper demonstrate that Azerbaijani citizens rank environmental and resource issues among their immediate concerns and their top concerns for the country. However, compared to other day-to-day concerns such as the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and economic concerns, environment-related concerns do not appear to be sufficient to motivate widespread violent conflict or citizen dissent related to environmental or natural resource conditions.     

Decision-support systems for groundwater protection: innovative tools for resource management

Governmental authorities are forced by law to make decisions within the framework of European, national and regional directives in the fields of spatial planning, groundwater and environmental protection. These tasks can be supported by a decision-support system, which integrates data from various sources and helps to make decision processes more effective and transparent. Basic work for such a decision support system has been done in a transnational and interdisciplinary project (Interreg II C: KATER), including metadata definition, metadata system, cartographic tools and GIS tools. The direct integration of these tools and information in the decision process will be implemented in the next few years (project KATER II).     

河北省邯邢东部平原区（冀南凹陷）地热资源的利用与开发

邯邢东部平原区温增温率3℃／100m，被任为是不宜开采利用的“非地热异常区”。但近几年来在该区已成功施工了井深1500～1800m的探采结合地热井拾余口，井口出水温度达50℃以上，证实了邯邢东部平原区地热开发利用前景广阔。根据该区域地热条件背景及地热资源赋存特点，结合该区近几年地热探采施工体会，对地热井成井工艺和合理开发利用地热资源的提出了有益见解，对类似平原区地热资源的开发利用具有一定的启发和借鉴意义。     

推进煤矸石资源化利用的对策建议

煤矸石是我国排放量和堆存量最大的工业固体废弃物之一，但又是可以利用的资源，只要加以资源化利用，就能会变废为宝。在研究我国煤矸石综合利用现状的基础上，指出了煤矸石综合利用中存在的主要问题，从制定规划、完善经济政策、加强法制建设等方面提出了加快推进煤矸石资源化利用的建议。     

地质单位财务管理咨询刍议

地质单位对自身无力解决的重要财务管理问题应该寻求外部咨询机构的有效帮助，针对地质单位财务管理中存在的主要问题提出需要咨询课题，而咨询机构通过对地质单位的财务状况进行调查分析后，提出科学、合理有效的财务管理改善方案和指导实施方案。     

张家口地下热水资源成因探讨

张家口地热资源丰富，通过对区内地热成矿机制，成矿规律的分析认为，以祁吕系为主的多构造体系复合部位控制了本区地下热水的形成与分布，本区地下热水是大气降水经深循环而成，经计算深循环的深度达为2600m，张家口南部地区有很多个热水异常点，是具有远景意义的地热区。     

The Alcamayo and Cedrobamba catastrophic debris flow (January, March and April 2004) in Machupicchu area—Peru

A debris flow originating from the Alcamayo River on 10th April 2004 destroyed a part of the town of Aguas Calientes, resulting in 11 victims, and with serious affects to the tourist flow to the Machupicchu inka citadel. On the same day, as well as in January and March 2004, other similar phenomena occurred on the Cedrobamba and Leonchayoq Rivers, affecting the railway and an electrical tower, and disrupting the train service.     

Avalanche Risk During Backcountry Skiing – An Analysis of Risk Factors

Skier-triggered avalanches are the main cause of avalanche accidents in backcountry skiing. The risk of accidents during backcountry skiing was analysed statistically and related to factors such as elevation level, aspect, stability rating and the time of the year. The analysis is based on a database about terrain usage and avalanche accidents from a large heli-skiing operator in Canada, which makes it possible to study the conditional probability of accidents given the recorded pattern of terrain usage. This study shows that the historical risk of accidentally triggering an avalanche greater than size 1 depends highly on the stability rating, with the highest risk occurring during “poor” stability. The risk is greater at high elevations, and it is lower during the late season than earlier on. Skier risk does not depend as much on aspect as may be indicated from avalanche data alone. However, it is relatively high in the N–NE–E sector. These factors are not independent of each other and therefore analyses of combined factors were also performed. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gain knowledge about the terrain selection of professional mountain guides. These results indicate that when selecting terrain, guides first look at the overall shape and size of the terrain, but avalanche history of terrain and inclination are also important factors. Finally, remarks in avalanche reports were analysed, and common human factors identified.     

Groundwater and highways interaction: past and present experiences of highway construction in Slovenia

During the planning, designing, construction, operation and maintenance of highways, groundwater can be of important environmental and constructional constraint that can significantly influence the safety operation of traffic and of big influence on the operational costs of highways. To classify and conceptualize the relation between groundwater and highways, three important groups of problems can be determined: groundwater protection from highway influences, protection of highway from groundwater and economic use of groundwater for highway operation. In the present study, groundwater management strategies are represented during all life cycles of highways. Greater emphasis is given to groundwater protection and field hydrogeological investigations for proper groundwater management related to the highway. The approach adopted in Slovenia and the role of hydrogeology is given as an illustration.     

基于asp的宏观前兆信息在线管理系统

本文经过对宏观前兆信息的报送、管理等有关事项的考察和分析,确立了宏观前兆信息管理系统的具体实现功能。并阐述了系统的体系结构和功能模块的设计,实现宏观前兆信息的在线添加和系统的在线管理。经过授权的用户可以通过Web浏览器,以人机交互式的客户端程序,实现对宏观前兆信息的在线添加、管理、查询和统计等功能。