新型半主动调谐质量阻尼器减震性能的数值模拟

为了改良被动式调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)对建筑结构的减震效果,本文提出了一种新型的可实时调节频率和电涡流阻尼的半主动调谐质量阻尼器(SATMD)。由Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)识别出结构的瞬时频率,通过基于HHT的控制算法实时调节SATMD的质量进行频率的调谐;通过基于线性二次型高斯(LQG)的控制算法实时调整磁导间距来调节电涡流阻尼系数。为了验证SATMD对建筑结构的减震效果,以一单自由度结构模型为例进行地震响应模拟,同时采用一经优化设计的被动TMD作为对比,并考虑由于主结构的累积损伤等引起自身频率下降而造成被动TMD的去谐效应。以主结构的加速度和位移时程峰值、整体均方根值及TMD的耗能性能作为评价指标,对比了SATMD在主结构发生损伤前后对被动TMD的改良效果。数值模拟结果表明,在主结构发生损伤前后,SATMD均比经优化设计的被动TMD有更好的减震效果及耗能能力。     

循环荷载作用下红黏土累积变形研究

通过GDS动三轴设备对赣南红黏土进行了一系列排水条件下的大次数循环试验,研究不同循环应力比、固结应力比及围压对赣南红黏土累积变形特性的影响。结果表明：在不同固结应力比、固结压力和循环应力比条件下,红黏土的累积应变都呈现出先迅速累积,后增长变缓,最终稳定的趋势;在一定的循环次数之后,不同初始固结应力和不同初始应力比条件下累积应变与循环次数之间的变形规律呈现为线性关系,且初始固结应力和初始固结应力比越小,其线性相关性越好;不同循环应力比下赣南红黏土的平均累积应变速率与循环次数之间也呈现出明显的线性关系。此外,基于以上关系建立了赣南红黏土在长期循环荷载作用下的累积变形预测模型,并通过对比验证了该模型的可行性。     

小跨高比强化配筋连梁的抗震性能

强化配筋连梁是指采用HRB400及以上钢筋、加密加粗腰筋、加粗箍筋的连梁。期望通过腰筋和箍筋形成的2层或更多层的高强钢筋网片来承受剪力,提高其抗震性能,施工较为方便,适用于小跨高比连梁。利用非线性有限元方法,在已完成普通配筋小跨高比连梁抗震性能试验的基础上,研究了跨高比为1.25的不同配筋形式连梁的抗震性能。研究表明:强化配筋连梁的骨架曲线出现2个峰值,峰值荷载为普通配筋连梁的1.37倍,其荷载下降速率约为普通配筋连梁的39.42%,具有较高的承载力。强化配筋连梁的峰值位移是集中对角斜筋、交叉斜筋和对角暗撑配筋连梁的三倍多,具有较强的变形能力。最后,建议采用深梁的方法计算强化配筋连梁的受剪承载力。     

多维地震下考虑不同破坏准则的输电塔-线体系倒塌分析

研究了基于不同失效准则多维地震激励下输电塔-线体系的倒塌。根据实际工程,运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,考虑材料非线性和几何非线性,建立了包含两基输电塔与3跨输电线的大跨越输电塔-线体系三维有限元模型。提出了2种不同的杆件失效准则,采用用户材料子程序,基于动力显式分析方法,研究了大跨越输电塔-线体系在3条典型天然地震波作用下考虑不同失效准则的倒塌机理,并对输电塔的杆件失效、节间位移角以及相对薄弱位置进行了分析。分析结果可以为大跨越输电塔-线体系的抗震设计提供参考。     

The effects of simulated inundation duration and frequency on litter decomposition: A one-year experiment

There is major uncertainty in the responses of litter decomposition to the inundation regimes in field studies, mainly because of the difficulties in identification of the individual effect of duration and frequency using field studies alone. The interactive role of inundation regime and litter quality also remains unclear. The responses of mass loss to simulated inundation regime (duration and frequency) and litter quality were investigated in leaves of Carex brevicuspis and leaves and stems of Miscanthus sacchariflorus from Dongting Lake, China. Three litter types differing in litter quality were incubated under seven different inundations over 360 days (three single inundations of 90, 180, and 360 days; three repeated 180-day inundations of 2, 3, and 6 times; and no inundations) in a pond near Dongting Lake. Initial N and P contents were highest in C. brevicuspis leaves, intermediate in M. sacchariflorus leaves, and lowest in M. sacchariflorus stems, whereas the organic C, cellulose, and lignin contents were ranked in the opposite order among the three litter types. Decomposition rate was highest in M. sacchariflorus leaves (0.00222–0.00900 day⁻¹), intermediate in C. brevicuspis leaves (0.00135–0.00500 day⁻¹), and lowest in M. sacchariflorus stems (0.00080–0.00100 day⁻¹). The decomposition rate of both C. brevicuspis and M. sacchariflorus leaves increased with increasing inundation duration or decreasing frequency. However, both duration and frequency of inundation had no effect on decomposition of M. sacchariflorus stems. At the end of the incubation, N mineralization was complete in leaf litters with increasing rates with increasing inundation duration or decreasing inundation frequency, but accumulation was found in M. sacchariflorus stems. Organic C decayed quickly in both leaf litters compared with the stem litter. These data indicate that inundation regime has no effect on the decomposition of refractory stem litter while prolonged and stable inundation stimulates the degradation of labile leaf litter.     

Test and analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) precast shear wall assembled using steel shear key (SSK)

Reinforced concrete (RC) precast shear walls are extensively applied in practical engineering, owing to their fast construction speed. However, because of the transport conditions, RC precast shear walls have to be separated into small wall segments during the factory prefabrication procedure before being assembled on site. Typically, wet-type jointing methods are adopted to link the segments, which is time-consuming and results in unreliable post-pouring area strength. To overcome this problem, the novel scheme of the steel shear key (SSK) featuring steel shear panels and combined fillet and plug welding is proposed. Three RC precast shear wall specimens with different linking strength, termed as weakened SSK wall, standard SSK wall, and strengthened SSK wall, respectively, and an integrated shear wall specimen were designed. Quasi-static cyclic loading was applied to investigate the specimens' dynamic properties. The test results suggest the prefabricated wall segments equipped with SSKs showed reliable stiffness and bearing capacity and were improved in energy dissipation ability, compared with conventional shear walls. As the shear stiffness and number of equipped SSKs increased, the specimens exhibited higher strength, but their ductility and energy dissipation were slightly decreased. Most importantly, the standard SSK wall specimen could achieve satisfactory bearing capacity and deformability and is thus recommended for precast building structures. Finite element method (FEM) models were established to validate the test results, and parametric study analysis was conducted based on the coupling ratio of the SSK walls. Finally, an appropriate coupling ratio range is recommended for practical engineering applications.     

强震动记录H/V谱比法计算处理的若干关键环节

强震动记录H/V谱比法自提出以来,已广泛应用于地震工程各研究领域中。但对数据处理的2个关键环节——Taper预处理及傅氏谱平滑未有详细研究。因此,本文针对强震动记录H/V谱比法计算涉及的重要数据处理过程,对四川地区19个强震动台站在汶川地震余震中获取的642组强震动记录开展研究。研究实例表明:S波H/V谱比振幅在周期 < 1s时高于全时程,论证计算H/V谱比时截取S波窗口的必要性;S波窗口的截断会引起傅里叶振幅谱的边瓣效应,若不加以处理,将显著影响低频部分H/V谱比结果,Taper预处理对于消除这种截断误差具有良好效果;在兼顾平滑效果及卓越周期识别准确度的基础上,通过不同带宽的Parzen窗试算,认为0.5Hz带宽宜用于傅里叶H/V谱比曲线平滑。     

固结时间对软土动力特性影响的试验研究

固结试验是研究软土动力特性的重要环节,固结时间是影响软土动力特征参数的重要因素。围绕岩土工程及科研工作中对动三轴试验中固结时间影响规律的认识较为模糊的问题,拟对天津滨海软土开展动三轴平行试验,分别采用8h、12h、24h、48h进行固结,针对软土的最大动剪切模量G_max、最大阻尼比λ_max及动剪切模量比G_d/G_max和阻尼比λ随动剪切应变γ_d的变化规律,分析固结时间对软土动力特性参数的影响。试验结果表明:G_max、λ_max、G_d/G_max-γ_d曲线、λ-γ_d曲线受固结时间的影响较为显著。G_d/G_max-γ_d曲线随着固结时间的增加而减小。阻尼比试验结果表明动剪切应变存在明显的分界点,分界点以下,中长期固结时间所得阻尼比较大,而分界点以上,短期固结时间所得阻尼比较大。     

离散Fréchet距离在强震台站场地分类中的应用

当强震台站场地资料不完整时,所收集到的强震数据因缺乏准确的场地类别信息而难以有效利用。为解决这一问题,本文提出一种基于离散Fréchet距离的强震台站场地分类方法。将获取到的664个KiK-net台站场地按照《建筑抗震设计规范（GB 50011—2010）》进行分类,并构建2个数据集。利用数据集1得到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类场地标准谱比曲线,并结合离散Fréchet距离对数据集2中的台站进行场地分类,统计分类成功率与误判率。统计结果表明,本文方法能较准确地对场地进行分类,且误判率在可接受范围内。将本文方法分类统计结果与斯皮尔曼秩相关系数法分类的成功率与误判率进行对比,结合本文方法分类后得到的平均谱比曲线,均可表明应用本文方法进行强震台站场地分类具有合理性。     

唐山震区上地壳平均波速比分析

收集河北地震台网记录的唐山震区2012-2016年ML≥1.0地震,选取震源深度5-10km、波形信噪比较高的波形数据,拾取直达P波、S波震相到时,利用和达法计算平均波速比,并分析研究区平均波速比水平分布特征与时变特征,结果表明:唐山震区上地壳平均波速比约为1.71,且水平分布呈区域化特征,反映了研究区复杂的地壳结构。研究区内3次ML≥4.0地震前,波速比曲线均呈较显著的下降-低值-回升形态,表明该区平均波速比变化可能具有一定地球物理异常特征。