冲绳海槽表层沉积物放射虫属种空间分布特征及其影响因素

为探究冲绳海槽放射虫属种的空间分布特征及其海洋学意义,对采自冲绳海槽北部、中部和南部3个海域的34个表层沉积物中的放射虫群落组成特征进行了系统研究。总体看来,冲绳海槽表层沉积物放射虫丰度较高,群落组成以热带-亚热带暖水放射虫属种为主,其中优势种为Tetrapyle octacantha group、Spongodiscus resurgens和Euchitonia furcata。结果表明冲绳海槽放射虫属种存在明显的区域差异性,除T.octacantha group以外,其余暖水指示种含量总体上均呈现南高北低的变化趋势。冲绳海槽北部陆架-陆坡区受长江冲淡水的影响,温度和盐度变化较为剧烈,因此可能不利于大多数放射虫暖水指示种的发育,但T.octacantha group却因自身适宜生存的温度范围较大,进而得以在冲绳海槽北部陆坡区呈现出高值。较高的中层水温度可能是抑制亚北极中层水指示种Cycladophora davisiana在冲绳海槽分布的主要因素,而冲绳海槽的高海槛则限制了太平洋深层水种Carpocanistrum papillosum和Cornutella profunda的入侵。冲绳海槽放射虫的空间分布对区域海洋环境特征有着很好的响应,因此可以为古环境重建研究提供重要依据。     

南海中部和冲绳海槽沉积物中的氨基酸物质

本文通过对南海中部和冲绳海槽三个深海沉积物柱状样腐植物质水解氨基酸的研究,试图阐述南海和冲绳海槽沉积物的演化与沉积环境。     

日本南海海槽天然气水合物研究现状

本文介绍日本在其周围海域特别是南海海槽的海洋天然气水合物研究工作，首先介绍其研究简史，研究计划，研究队伍及早期研究成果，其次，介绍了西南海海槽天然气水合物的勘探、研究状况，然后,介绍了五年计划实施的东南海海槽地球物理勘探、钻探状况，最后指出，南海海槽的一些新资料深入的综合研究无疑会给世界水合物研究增添新的内容。     

南海西沙海槽S14站位的地球化学异常特征及其意义

西沙海槽具备良好的天然气水合物的形成条件,并已发现与其有关的地球物理标志--模拟海底反射层（BSR）。通过对西沙海槽S14大型活塞站位的孔隙水和沉积物样品进行化学组分、酸解烃和热释光等方面的分析测试,结果发现在海底之下4～5 m区间存在着较明显的高盐高烃异常,其中酸解烃中的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷含量及其热释光值均有所增高,孔隙水中的绝大部分离子及其盐度也存在着明显的升高,这一高盐高烃异常可能是下部与天然气水合物有关的孔隙流体沿着断层向上迁移所致。这些地球化学异常以及模拟海底反射层等地球物理标志显示该站位之下可能存在天然气水合物。     

Geometry and growth of sill complexes: insights using 3D seismic from the North Rockall Trough

Doleritic sill complexes, which are an important component of volcanic continental margins, can be imaged using 3D seismic reflection data. This allows unprecedented access to the complete 3D geometry of the bodies and an opportunity to test classic sill emplacement models. The doleritic sills associated with basaltic volcanism in the North Rockall Trough occur in two forms. Radially symmetrical sill complexes consist of a saucer-like inner sill at the base with an arcuate inclined sheet connecting it to a gently inclined, commonly ragged, outer rim. Bilaterally symmetrical sill complexes are sourced by magma diverted from a magma conduit feeding an overlying volcano. With an elongate, concave upwards, trough-like geometry bilaterally symmetrical sills climb away from the magma source from which they originate. Both sill complex types can appear as isolated bodies but commonly occur in close proximity and consequently merge, producing hybrid sill complexes. Radial sill complexes consist of a series of radiating primary flow units. With dimensions up to 3 km, each primary flow unit rises from the inner saucer and is fed by primary magma tube. Primary flow units contain secondary flow units with dimensions up to 2 km, each being fed by a secondary magma tube branching from the primary magma tube. Secondary flow units in turn are composed of 100-m scale tertiary flow units. A similar branching hierarchy of flow units can also be seen in bilaterally symmetrical sill complexes, with their internal architecture resembling an enlarged version of a primary flow unit from a radial sill complex. This branching flow pattern, as well as the interaction between flow units of varying orders, provides new insights into the origin of the structures commonly seen within sill complexes and the hybrid sill bodies produced by their merger. The data demonstrate that each radially symmetrical sill complex is independently fed from a source located beneath the centre of the inner saucer, grows by climbing from the centre outwards and that peripheral dyking from the upper surface is a common feature. These features suggest a laccolith emplacement style involving peripheral fracturing and dyking during inner saucer growth and thickening. The branching hierarchy of flow units within bilaterally symmetrical sill complexes is broadly similar to that of primary flow units within a radially symmetrical sill complex, suggesting that the general features of the laccolith emplacement model also apply.Editorial responsibility: J. Stix     

大同市一次大到暴雪天气诊断分析

本文针对2009年11月10日出现在大同地区的大到暴雪天气过程,从天气形势,物理量诊断及雷达产品等进行了综合分析后得出：此次降雪是在稳定的500hPa西风槽背景下,地面回流形势影响下造成的;高低层散度的垂直配置及高低空急流的耦合作用是此次过程的动力原因,充足的水汽条件和不稳定能量的积累是此次大到暴雪产生的根本因素。雷达产品分析表明：低空持续的偏东气流以及风向垂直切变的风场结构是这次暴雪产生的主要环境特征,暖平流和中层强西南急流有利于产生持续的降雪。     

北京连续降雪过程分析

该文对2002年12月份北京出现的1841年以来历史上最长的连续6天的降雪天气进行了合成分析和诊断分析。北半球合成环流形势显示,连续降雪发生在东亚稳定的纬向环流形势下,其上游地区强大经向环流和阻塞高压使中纬度东亚和西太平洋纬向环流得以维持。东亚合成环流的垂直结构表明,连续降雪期间华北地区始终处于锋区中,并存在低空辐合、高空辐散的散度场垂直分布结构。卫星水汽云图显示出有水汽通道向河套倒槽云系输送水汽。华北地区的诊断分析表明,地面和边界层中山东地区分裂高压南侧向北回流的偏南气流是造成降雪的主要水汽通道。变形场的流场结构使水汽在北京附近辐合。垂直剖面展现了华北回流降雪天气近地面层的浅薄的冷空气垫,和暖湿空气回流在冷空气垫上的爬升,并在其上形成一个浅薄的饱和层。     

日本南海海槽地震海啸对我国东海沿岸影响

本文利用数值模拟技术重现了1707年宝永地震海啸的传播过程,定量分析了我国东海沿岸海啸时空分布特征。计算结果表明,地震发生2.5小时后海啸波传至东海陆架,震后6小时浙江沿海地区遭到海啸的袭击,沿岸最大海啸波高为0.8米。通过海啸波在东海大陆架传播时海底地形与波幅的关系,研究分析了东海陆架缓变地形下海啸放大效应,为及时判断沿海可能的海啸强度和受灾程度提供了便捷的估算方法。此外,本文还评估了南海海槽发生极端地震时,中国东海沿岸的海啸危险性,为东海区域针对日本南海海槽进行海啸预警和减灾评估提供定量科学的参考。     

测井储集层快速自动评价在东海西湖凹陷中的应用

结合东海西湖凹陷油气勘探需要，在现场提出自动评价储集层系统，应用人工智能技术，识别储集层和判断含油、气储集层。模拟计算油气储集层产能。     

An unusual manganese silicate occurrence at the Hoskins mine,Grenfell district,New South Wales

Stratiform manganese silicate rocks overlie jasper and metabasah in the ?Middle Silurian Hoskins Formation at the Hoskins manganese mine near Grenfell, NSW. Two dominant mineral assemblages occur in the Mn silicate rocks: (1) a “reduced’ assemblage, probably gradational into underlying jasper, containing abundant rhodonite and/or tephroite, plus subordinate carbonates, quartz, hausmannite, spessartine and Ba minerals, and (2) a well‐laminated ‘oxidized’ assemblage rich in red Mn‐rich alkali pyroxene and amphibole, braunite, manganoan pectolite and minor Mn‐rich mica, alkali feldspars, carbonates, quartz and barite. Several Mn silicates implicitly contain trivalent Mn. The Mn silicate rocks are rich in Mn, Ba and Sr, and also contain anomalously high Co, Cu, As and W; oxidized assemblages are alkali‐rich. Bulk compositions and geological setting suggest a submarine volcanic exhalative origin for the precursors of the Mn silicate rocks and jasper. Metamorphism has occurred at upper greenschist facies with original high oxygen fugacity conditions in the exhalative sediments being largely reflected in the resulting assemblages. Although analogues of the reduced Mn silicate rocks are widespread in metamorphosed Mn deposits, equivalents of the oxidized assemblages appear to be particularly uncommon.