南秦岭铧厂沟碧口群玄武岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石成因研究

铧厂沟地区碧口群玄武岩呈带状和透镜状分布于凝灰岩和凝灰质千枚岩中。在详细野外观察基础上,利用显微镜观察、主微量元素及放射性同位素分析等综合分析技术对玄武岩的岩石学、地球化学以及年代学特征进行了研究。结果表明:碧口群玄武岩普遍经历了绿片岩相的变质作用,主要矿物为斜长石、绿泥石和绿帘石;SiO_2(44.67%~49.76%)、TiO_2(1.14%~1.34%)含量较低,TFe_2O_3(12.03%~15.47%)、MgO(7.57%~9.3%)、CaO(7.29%~10.54%)含量较高。稀土总量较低,轻稀土亏损,重稀土富集。岩石微量元素和(?)石Hf同位素特征显示玄武岩形成环境可能类似N-MORB,起源于软流圈,并在上升过程中混入了古老的地壳物质。LA-ICP-MS锆石测年结果显示玄武岩的形成年龄为(316.3:±6.0)Ma(MSWD=0.78;n=7),表明碧口群火山岩系至少是两期(新元古代时期和晚古生代时期)火山作用的产物。其大规模形成时期为新元古代,后经晚古生代火山作用的叠加改造而成。     

西秦岭天水阴崖沟早古生代草滩沟群火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

天水阴崖沟草滩沟群中发育有变质火山岩,其岩石类型主要为变玄武岩、变安山岩、变英安岩和变流纹岩;研究区变火山岩主体属于拉斑系列,其原始岩浆来源于富集地幔;变火山岩的微量元素特征表现为富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Ba、Th和U,而相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti和Y;微量元素构造环境判别显示其形成于俯冲消减带之上的岛弧环境;结合已有年代学资料,显示天水—武山洋在晚奥陶世已经存在并开始俯冲,形成阴崖沟草滩沟群岛弧火山岩;同时从岩石组成、形成时代及地球化学特征来看,阴崖沟草滩沟群火山岩与东秦岭丹凤岩群火山岩相似,这为确定天水一武山构造带是早古生代商丹古缝合带的西延部分提供了证据。     

A tectonic origin of magnetic fabric in the Shemshak Group from Alborz Mts. (northern Iran)

The magnetic lineation observed in “undeformed” sedimentary units has been interpreted either as an indication of paleoflow direction, or as a result of tectonic overprint which progressively modifies the original sedimentary fabric related to compactional processes. Distinguishing between the two processes is not always easy. In fact, most studies of the Anistropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) of “undeformed” sequences have been carried out in fine-grained sediments from foredeep sequences, which are characterized by sedimentary flow directions which are almost parallel to the main deformation structures, like thrust faults and folds. In the Alborz Mts., the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic Shemshak Group was deposited in a foreland to molassic basin of the Eo-Cimmerian orogen and now outcrops in several folds which are oriented parallel to the curved chain. Paleoflow directions are generally oblique to the main tectonic structures, being directed SSW to SSE and showing negligible changes in their orientation along the Alborz Mountains. We have, therefore, the opportunity to distinguish between tectonic- or sedimentary-related origins of the magnetic lineation. The AMS results show that magnetic lineations of the Shemshak Group are oriented almost parallel to the main fold axes and thrust structures, which follow the Alborz Mts. curved trend, suggesting that magnetic lineation is of tectonic origin in fine to medium grained, mostly massive sandstones, and confirming that AMS is a valuable tool to study deformation processes in sedimentary rocks.     

遥感技术在喀喇昆仑区域地层对比中的应用

喀喇昆仑地区康西瓦断裂以南被划为晚三叠世的变质杂岩,由两套影像特征迥然不同的岩石组成,其中一套与塔里木板块的结晶基底非常相似,野外实勘证实这是一套深变质岩,其岩性组合及变形变质特征与塔里木板块的元古界一致;另一套为晚三叠世地层。两套地层间为一条在遥感图像上具有明显的线性特征但还未曾识别的大型断裂,根据对两侧地质环境的分析,认为它可能是一条重要的地质界线。     

Petrographic study of the Miocene Mizunami Group,Central Japan: Detection of unrecognized volcanic activity in the Setouchi Province

A petrographic study of sandstones from the Miocene Mizunami Group in Central Japan has been performed on core samples from a single borehole, in order to evaluate the provenance of the sedimentary rock. Evaluation of the provenance is based on bulk mineral, heavy mineral and plagioclase contents and on whole rock chemical compositions. The sandstones studied are divisible into three types; the first type is characterized by the occurrence of biotite and plagioclase ranging from albite to oligoclase, the second type is characterized by the dominance of amphibole and labradorite with pyroxene (clinopyroxene > orthopyroxene), and the third type is characterized by the dominance of pyroxene (orthopyroxene > clinopyroxene) and andesine with lesser labradorite, bytownite and anorthite. The first type is interpreted to be derived from the basement granite, whereas the others were derived mostly from volcanic ash, judging from their mineral compositions. The volcanic activity that supplied the volcanic ash to the Mizunami Basin occurred in two phases, distinguishable by variations in their mineralogical and geochemical compositions, an indication of change in character of the volcanic activity. This petrographic study of the sandstones in the Mizunami Group suggests that unrecognized volcanic activity occurred around the Mizunami Basin, even though potential provenance of the volcanic ash has not yet been identified.     

小秦岭变质岩系层序划分新方案

第二轮１∶５万区调采用岩石─构造─地质事件法填图，重新研究了小秦岭地区结晶基底变质岩系的层序（时序）关系，指出该岩系应予解体，提出了新的划分方案。该方案将这套岩系两分（上基底、下基底），其间为异岩不整合界面。下基底以变质侵入岩为主体，按时序从早到晚为基性喷发表壳岩、杨砦峪灰色片麻岩、四范沟片麻状花岗岩，时代属晚太古代；上基底为一套副变质岩，自下而上为：观音堂组、焕池峪组，时代属早元古代。     

庐山筲箕洼组与星子岩群年代地层关系及SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄的制约

本文报道在庐山筲箕洼组中获得细碧岩SHIRMP锆石U-Pb年龄(840±6) Ma,MSWD=1.3,流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄(833±4) Ma,MSWD=1.4,和流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄(831±3) Ma,对应的MSWD=1.47.而在星子群流纹岩中获得206pb/238U年龄为(825±5)Ma,对应的MSWD=0.46.笔者依据上述精确锆石年龄,首次提出将筲箕洼组明确定位于星子岩群之下.本文结合“江南造山带”锆石U-Pb年龄:东部变质基底的双桥山群,西部变质基底梵净山群和似盖层下江群以及中部变质基底冷家溪群和似盖层板溪群的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,将筲箕洼组定位于“武陵运动”之下的新元古代地层.依据星子岩群年龄数据,首次将星子岩群明确定位于筲箕洼组之上与双桥山群为同期的深变质岩.该年龄对限定区域地层对比和构造演化都有着重要意义.上述锆石U-Pb年龄标示了赣西北地区同样存在820 Ma界面上下的新元古代地层,为江南古陆变质地层的对比提供了新的年代学数据.     

北淮阳浅变质岩带卢镇关群变质压力及其对大别造山带演化的指示

卢镇关群是北淮阳浅变质岩带的重要组成部分,其俯冲历史对于证明超高压岩石经历了深俯冲及获得完整的大别造山带演化历史具有重要意义.本次工作在霍山牛角冲、与儿街卢镇关群岩石中采集了含石榴子石的黑云二长片麻岩和石榴黑云片麻岩进行电子探针分析,并通过石榴子石—黑云母—斜长石—石英压力计计算获得了卢镇关群的变质压力变化于1.89～1.99 GPa,其平均值为1.94 GPa.根据造山带内中—上地壳岩石的平均密度,获得了卢镇关群曾俯冲于地下64.7 km的深度.这表明位于大别造山带最北缘的北淮阳带曾俯冲于较大深度,支持前人关于华南、华北板块缝合线位于北淮阳带以北的结论.     

平邑盆地官庄群湖相碳酸盐岩的古地理意义

[摘 要] 本文旨在以平邑盆地官庄群湖相碳酸盐岩为例,研究湖相碳酸盐岩的古地理指示意义。以沉积学理论为指导,依据野外露头剖面分析了平邑盆地古近纪官庄群的地层及其沉积特点,结合盆地的形成及演化,分析了古生物、古气候、物源、水介质物理化学条件等沉积环境条件,明确了官庄群湖相碳酸盐岩沉积时的古地理格局与特征。研究表明平邑盆地在古近纪官庄群沉积时为温暖的内陆淡水湖泊环境,构造活动相对静止,地形平坦,有利于湖泊相碳酸盐岩沉积,且碳酸盐岩集中发育在浅水、中等偏低能量、低陆源碎屑物质的环境。从而说明湖相碳酸盐岩地层形成的古地理背景为构造活动平静、地形平坦、浅水低能沉积环境。     

青藏高原冈底斯北缘卡穷岩群形成时代的确定

冈底斯北缘的卡穷岩群为一套中高级变质岩系,其形成时代至今未得到有效限定。通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得西藏八宿县同卡乡北卡穷岩群条带状斜长角闪岩(正变质岩)上交点年龄为(1082±18)Ma,将该岩群原岩形成时代厘定为中元古代末,即晚蓟县世。同时,获得卡穷岩群中片麻状二长花岗岩的上交点年龄为(549±18)Ma,属于泛非期构造-热事件的岩浆作用记录;结合野外地质和岩相学特征,认为该岩体为卡穷岩群变质火山-沉积岩系部分熔融的产物,岩浆未发生远距离运移侵位。泛非运动之后,卡穷岩群还经历一次(416±23)Ma强烈的构造作用,这次构造作用的地质意义值得进一步研究。