北秦岭元古代构造格架与演化

秦岭造山带是经历了多阶段的多陆块长期裂解、拼合的复合型造山带。最新的地质、地球化学和同位素年代学综合研究共同揭示沿商丹带分布有中新元古代蛇绿岩,并伴生有与板块俯冲碰撞作用相关的弧后盆地、岩浆弧、高压变质作用,表明北秦岭于中元古代末—新元古代初曾发展成为类似于现代板块构造体制的活动大陆边缘,出现板块向北俯冲消减、弧后盆地的生成和蛇绿岩构造侵位及其后的碰撞造山作用。     

柴北缘超高压变质带沙柳河蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩及其意义

本文报道了柴北缘大陆型超高压变质带沙柳河地区发现的蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩,其原始矿物组合为橄榄石 斜方辉石 铬铁矿。方辉橄榄岩中识别出两个世代的橄榄石,第一世代橄榄石(OI~1)残晶发育扭折带,化学成分与现代大洋地幔橄榄岩的橄榄石一致,第二世代橄榄石(OI~2)Fo 值高达94～97,其内部含有细小的流体包裹体,是第一世代橄榄石蛇纹石化后再次变质的产物。斜方辉石残晶的成分具有高 Al 和 Ca 的特征,与大洋地幔橄榄岩中斜方辉石的成分一致。温压条件的估算反映该橄榄岩体属于典型的尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩。其围岩是由堆晶辉长岩变质的条带状蓝晶石榴辉岩,二者构成了大洋蛇绿岩套的下部层位,并且与区内具有 N-MORB 和 OIB 性质的榴辉岩共生。这些特征表明该方辉橄榄岩应代表洋壳下伏地幔橄榄岩,从而揭示大陆造山带从早期的大洋俯冲消亡到大陆俯冲碰撞的完整过程。     

“燕山运动”的分期及几个关键问题

翁文灏最初定义的"燕山运动"主要根据《北京西山地质志》所提供的信息,当时并未对"燕山运动"分期。在赴辽西北票地区考察后,翁文灏将"燕山运动"分为A、B两期,A期为绪动,B期为主要期。详细的文献研读发现,翁文灏对"燕山运动"在北京西山和辽西的原始定义有出入。经对比分析,本文认为在北京西山一带代表"燕山运动"的主不整合面应在上窑坡组煤系地层与龙门组砾岩之间,在辽西一带应为北票组煤系地层与海房沟组砾岩之间。另外,本文认为"燕山运动"的A期(绪动)可能与中国东部北东向区域性大断裂发生同时。最为重要的是,本文认为A期"燕山运动"形成于极短的时间,如同时间坐标上的一个点,这个点构成了B期的边界点。     

青藏高原龙木错-双湖板块缝合带闭合的年代学证据——来自果干加年山蛇绿岩与流纹岩Ar-Ar和SHRIMP年龄制约

青藏高原龙木错-双湖板块缝合带从碰撞缝合何时转为羌塘盆地的沉积基底并接受沉积,一直受到地学界密切关注。羌塘中部的果干加年山主脊首次发现未变质的沉积岩以角度不整合覆盖于蛇绿混杂岩岩之上,上覆地层底部流纹岩夹层锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为214±4Ma,为沉积盖层提供了可靠的年龄依据;不整合面之下强烈变形的阳起片岩(变质玄武岩)中阳起石Ar-Ar年龄为219.7±6.5Ma,与羌塘中部龙木错-双湖高压变质带获得的榴辉岩多硅白云母、蓝闪石等Ar-Ar变质年龄一致。Ar-Ar和SHRIMP定年结果表明该角度不整合的时限为220～214Ma之间。角度不整合上下岩石的定年研究,为龙木错-双湖缝合带的闭合提供了确切的时间约束:羌塘地区冈瓦纳与欧亚(扬子)板块在214Ma以前实现了闭合,古特提斯消亡,进入陆表海演化阶段。     

北京西山岩溶洞系的形成及其与新构造运动的关系

形成中国北方岩溶的地层主要为奥陶系马家沟组石灰岩和中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组硅质条带白云岩。上新世石林与第四纪岩溶陡壁组合成的房山地貌主要形成于雾迷山组中,岩溶洞穴发育在马家沟组和雾迷山组中。大石河南岸从上游至下游依次分布鸡毛洞、银狐洞、石花洞、清风洞和孔水洞,由一条地下暗河连为一体,称为石花洞系。石花洞系发育在北岭向斜东北扬起端的马家沟组顶部,与南面的周口店猿人洞系隔着房山闪长岩体。石花洞系中8层不同海拔高度的溶洞可以和永定河的8级阶地进行对比,也可以和8个华北地文期对比,代表了与之相互对应的北京西山新构造隆升的期次。     

大洋岛弧的前世今生

正这些年来似乎地球变小了,人的寿命变长了,90寻常,80刚迈入老年人之列。一些同事和学生为庆祝叶大年院士八十华诞及从事科研六十载在岩石学报出版一期论文专辑,邀请我作序,这才惊奇叶大年院士已近杖朝之年,我和他交往甚密,经常见面就觉不出有什么变化,也就觉不出他的年龄增长。叶大年老师和我是亦师亦友的关系。我称他老师是名正言顺的。最早见到他是在河南许昌地区的野外     

Petrology,geochemistry and geochronology of the Zhongcang ophiolite,northern Tibet: implications for the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

Ophiolites are widespread along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, northern Tibet. However, it is still debated on the formation ages and tectonic evolution process of these ophiolites. The Zhongcang ophiolite is a typical ophiolite in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. It is composed of serpentinized peridotite, cumulate and isotropic gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, basaltic volcanic breccia, and minor red chert. Zircon SHRIMP Ue Pb dating for the isotropic gabbro yielded weighted mean age of 163.4 ± 1.8 Ma. Positive zircon ε Hf(t) values(+15.0 to +20.2) and mantle-like σ~(18)O values(5.29 ±0.21)% indicate that the isotropic gabbros were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. The isotropic gabbros have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB) like immobile element patterns with high Mg O, low TiO_2 and moderate rare earth element(REE) abundances, and negative Nb,Ti, Zr and Hf anomalies. Basalts show typical oceanic island basalt(OIB) geochemical features, and they are similar to those of OIB-type rocks of the Early Cretaceous Zhongcang oceanic plateau within the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. Together with these data, we suggest that the Zhongcang ophiolite was probably formed by the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean during the Middle Jurassic. The subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean could begin in the Earlye Middle Jurassic and continue to the Early Cretaceous, and finally continental collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes at the west Bangong-Nujiang suture zone probably has taken place later than the Early Cretaceous(ca. 110 Ma).     

青藏高原新特提斯蛇绿岩的地质特征及其构造演化

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带（YZSZ）和班公湖-怒江缝合带（BNSZ）蛇绿岩代表了新特提斯洋壳和岩石圈地幔残余，是我国铬铁矿和蛇绿岩型金刚石的重要原产地，目前这两条蛇绿岩带的成因和相互关系还存在着争论。本文总结了YZSZ、BNSZ、狮泉河-纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带（SNMZ）和松多缝合带蛇绿岩的时空分布、组成和构造背景，归纳了拉萨地块晚古生以来的岩浆岩分布，获得以下主要认识：（1）Panjal地幔柱活动可能促使怒江洋和雅江西洋在早二叠世空谷期（283~272Ma）打开；（2）雅江东洋由于松多洋的南向俯冲在晚三叠世打开，与雅江西洋以萨嘎-措勤为界，并形成冈底斯东部245~200Ma岩浆热事件；（3）~140Ma班怒洋闭合以及南羌塘与北拉萨地块碰撞，导致雅江洋扩张速率加快而引发了北向拉萨地块的平板俯冲，进而导致班怒洋的再次裂解形成133~104Ma"红海型"小洋盆；（4）YZSZ缝合带西段南带蛇绿岩为北带的逆冲推覆体；（5）BNSZ和SNMZ蛇绿岩隶属于一个洋盆，后者代表了班怒洋成熟洋盆扩张脊的残余。     

北京西山大灰厂东狼沟组钾质火山岩形成的构造背景探讨

北京西山大灰厂早白垩世东狼沟组火山岩为钾质粗面玄武岩、钾玄岩和安粗岩，总体属于严格意义的钾玄岩系列（橄榄安粗岩系列）。该套火山岩富集钾等大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE），是由于底侵幔源母岩浆在高压（1．2～1．5GPa，相当于42～50km深度）的岩浆房内经历结晶分离作用所致，母岩浆相对富钾也是原因之一。该火山岩形成于造山带开始发生崩塌的后碰撞阶段起始时期，在大地构造位置上处于中生代东亚大陆活动陆缘宽广的内带。深俯冲到250km或更深深度的大洋板片的脱水作用是诱发该火山岩地幔源区熔融的主要因素。东狼沟组钾玄岩的发育表明当时燕山存在约50km的厚地壳，古地形高度可达海拔3．9km。燕山中生代高原（高山）地貌和相应的气候条件可能为原始鸟类的形成演化提供了非常适宜的环境。     

Tectonics of the ophiolite belt from Naga Hills and Andaman Islands,India

The ophiolitic rocks of Naga Hills-Andaman belt occur as rootless slices, gently dipping over the Paleogene flyschoid sediments, the presence of blue-schists in ophiolite melange indicates an involvement of the subduction process. Subduction was initiated prior to mid-Eocene as proved by the contemporaneous lower age limit of ophiolite-derived cover sediment as against the accreted ophiolites and olistostromal trench sediment. During the late Oligocene terminal collision between the Indian and Sino-Burmese blocks, basement slivers from the Sino-Burmese block, accreted ophiolites and trench sediments from the subduction zone were thrust westward as nappe and emplaced over the down-going Indian plate. The geometry of the ophiolites and the presence of a narrow negative gravity anomaly flanking their map extent, run counter to the conventional view that the Naga-Andaman belt marks the location of the suture. The root-zone of the ophiolite nappe representing the suture is marked by a partially-exposed eastern ophiolite belt of the same age and gravity-high zone, passing through central Burma-Sumatra-Java. The ophiolites of the Andaman and Naga Hills are also conventionally linked with the subduction activity, west of Andaman islands. This activity began only in late Miocene, much later than onland emplacement of the ophiolites; it further developed west of the suture in its southern part. Post-collisional northward movement of the Indian plate subparallel to the suture, also developed leaky dextral transcurrent faults close to the suture and caused Neogene-Quatemary volcanism in central Burma and elsewhere.