地震纵波技术预测煤层瓦斯富集区的探讨与实践

基于国内外煤层瓦斯富集的岩石物理及地球物理响应的研究成果,提出了以煤层反射波振幅、频率及衰减等动力学特征变化为主要研究对象的地震纵波预测技术方案;探讨了利用叠后Gamma拟合声波约束反演、频谱分解属性分析和叠前AVO反演、弹性阻抗反演等纵波技术预测煤层瓦斯富集性的理论依据及实现方法。上述技术在沁水盆地进行了预测尝试,其获得的含气性预测成果与探井实测的瓦斯富集情况基本吻合,初步证明了上述纵波预测技术方法在开展煤层瓦斯富集区研究方面的可行性和有效性。     

四脚钻塔拆装工艺的新突破和机装可逆式钻塔

打破传统的自下而上安装钻塔的方法(顺装法),采用自上而下的安装法(逆装法)构想,成功地研制出一种新型钻塔拆装机和一种机装可逆式钻塔,既保持了四脚钻塔的优点,又解决了高空拆装作业带来的不安全隐患,减轻了劳动强度,提高了生产效率,取得了良好效果     

空气潜孔锤在水源钻井中的应用

空气潜孔锤钻进是以压缩空气作为循环介质来洗孔、冷却钻头,将岩屑从孔底带出孔外的钻进方法。它具有钻井效率高、施工周期短和施工用水少等优点。通过两个不同情况钻孔的实际施工,介绍了施工背景、地层结构、配套设备及施工过程。从应用效果来看,该方法的钻效是传统泥浆钻进的3-4倍。根据水源井施工经验,总结出在干旱缺水和漏失层地区采用空气（泡沫）潜孔锤钻进的操作方法,并对其施工工艺进行了分析,指出了实际施工中的注意事项及应关注的问题。     

基于高精度DEM和RS技术的滑坡环境指标参数快速提取方法——以陕西省宝鸡市金台区长乐塬特大型滑坡为例

DEM和RS技术是研究滑坡地质灾害的重要资料和手段。近年来,随着高空间分辨率遥感卫星和高精度雷达卫星的上天,可以获取现时性高精度的DEM,使滑坡地质灾害的研究由二维向三维提升。利用IRS-P5数据生成的5m精度的DEM,借鉴GOOGLE的三维可视性原理,将其和高空间分辨率QuickBird(0.61m)数据叠置到数字地球之上,制作成三维可视性图像,进行滑坡环境指标参数提取方法研究。研究结果表明,该方法可直接读取滑坡环境指标的三维参数,具有客观、准确、快速的特点,可为滑坡灾害评估和区域地质灾害危险性评价提供定量化资料。     

挤扩支盘灌注桩成桩技术及工程应用

结合工程实践,介绍了挤扩支盘灌注桩技术在某水泥公司5000 t/d新型干法生产线项目桩基工程中的应用效果,并对部分施工措施进行了探讨。     

城镇雨污分流非开挖工程中的工程勘察内容和要求

论述在城镇雨污分流工程中采用非开挖技术需要工程勘察的内容和要求。针对非开挖技术特点,与常规市政工程勘察的对比分析,得出采用非开挖技术施工所需要的工程勘察特性。结合廊坊市雨污分流非开挖试验段工程,分析了前期工程勘察对后期非开挖工程施工的影响,具体分析工程地质勘察和施工区域地下管线探测特殊性对非开挖工程设计、施工的意义。最后从雨污分流非开挖试验段工程结论出发,总结采用非开挖技术施工进行工程勘察的常规性内容,为以后类似工程采用非开挖技术施工提供参考.     

绳索定向造斜及取心技术应用

绳索取心技术因其钻进效率高而广泛应用,但其无法实施定向作业。本项目可在采用绳索取心的同时,不需要采用井底螺杆钻具进行定向勘探,该技术是近几年才发展起来的高新技术。目前在世界范围内,仅有少数几个国家掌握该技术,其中以挪威和美国取得世界领先地位。简要介绍了绳索定向造斜和取心技术的原理及技术参数,并介绍了云南华泽矿区的施工应用实例。     

Chemistry of alkali extraction of brown coals—I. Kinetics, characterisation and implications to coalification

Three Australian brown coals have been separated into humin and humic acid fractions and studied by high resolution solid state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The aromatic rings of the humic acids are highly substituted showing that extensive cross linking must have occurred during formation from wood lignin and tannin. However, the humins contain more aliphatic carbon and hydrogen than the corresponding humic acids. This shows that little cross linking has occurred with other components of the brown coal such as resins, waxes cutin and algal detritus, and cross linking has not rendered the aromatics alkali insoluble. The kinetics of extraction are complex and not simple first order. This is reflected in the chemical composition of the humic acid which is extraction temperature dependent. We also observed that there is a conversion of aromatic carbon to aliphatic carbon and gas during extraction, probably by alkaline oxidation, resulting in ring opening. A range of suitable model compounds have been studied to confirm this finding. Such a mechanism may account for the modification of lignin in oxidising environments such as those occurring in the initial stages of coalification (lignite or brown coal formation) and in soils.     

Study of macroaggregate composition using FT-IR and H-NMR spectroscopy

Mucous macroaggregates, recently observed in the northern Adriatic in summer of 1997 and late spring of 2000, are primarily the product of phytoplankton (diatom) exudates during favourable environmental conditions in late spring, and can be viewed as macrogels. The FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectra of macroaggregate samples from the northern Adriatic, collected in different formation stages in July 1997, August 1997, September 1997 and June 2000, as well as of cultured diatom Skeletonema costatum, showed that they are similar and composed of aliphatic components and polysaccharides bonded through carboxylic and amide groups, and organosilicon compounds. The stability of macrogels of macroaggregates is, according to FT-IR and X-ray analyses, most probably enhanced by interactions with entrapped particles of calcite, quartz and clay minerals. These organic-mineral associations seem to be important for mucous phenomena. According to ¹H-NMR spectra, the temporal differences in macroaggregate composition show a relative increasing percentage of organosilicon compounds and aliphatic components bonded to carbohydrates through ester and amide groups, and an increasing ratio between aliphatic structures and carbohydrates. This indicates that aliphatic chains bonded to Si and carbohydrates may contribute to the persistence and stability of macroaggregates in the summer stratified waters in the northern Adriatic, while the temporal decrease of carbohydrate content is most probably due to microbial and photochemical degradation of algal reserve polysaccharides.     

南黄海“高富强”地震勘查技术及其应用

南黄海海相中—古生界具有厚度大、埋藏深、构造复杂、岩性纵向非均质性强、浅部强反射界面能量屏蔽、碳酸盐岩层内部能量弱等特点。青岛海洋地质研究所联合中石化海洋石油工程有限公司、上海物探分公司(原第一海洋地质调查大队),通过持续的科技攻关,逐渐形成了适用于研究区内地震地质条件的"高富强"(高覆盖次数、富低频、强震源)地震勘查技术,获得了较高品质的海相中—古生界反射资料。2015年在崂山隆起上落实了多个大型中—古生界圈闭构造,为区内油气调查与勘探的突破提供了技术支撑。