高精度地面核磁共振数据正演计算

为高精度、快速地完成地面核磁共振信号的正演模拟,借助连分式插值技术对积分核函数利用尽可能少的节点上的值进行插值计算。核函数的积分采用高斯求积公式。对自由空间中单层含水层地面核磁共振响应的数值模拟结果表明,结合插值与高斯积分,能精确、高效地获得地面核磁共振信号。     

基于Android系统的测震台网日志管理平台设计

为实现测震台网日志产出的统一化和标准化,提高工作效率,减轻人员负担,基于Android系统,设计开发测震台网日志管理平台,用户可通过手机APP完成地震速报、编目及系统运维日志的增、删、改、查和统计操作。该平台的应用解决了日志管理散乱、查询不便等难题,可为测震台网统一化管理提供支持。     

岩石润湿性的核磁共振表征方法与初步实验结果

随着石油勘探开发领域的不断扩大,某些复杂油气藏尤其是致密油气的岩石物理响应,受岩石润湿性变化的影响越来越明显,影响油气藏的评价以及后续勘探开发,识别和评价岩石润湿性成为重要的研究课题.核磁共振弛豫可以有效表征多孔介质孔隙及其流体分布,特别是通过T₁-T₂弛豫图谱能够获得流体分子与孔隙表面相互作用的信息,进而为孔隙表面润湿性质的判断提供了可能性.本文首先讨论了T₁-T₂弛豫谱表征孔隙介质润湿强度的理论基础,然后,采用一阶近似方法对孔隙表面流体分子的核磁共振弛豫分布进行正演模拟,建立T₁/T₂比值法判别孔隙介质润湿性的基本方法.最后,选取玻璃珠和天然砂岩样品进行初步实验,验证方法的合理性.结果表明,当岩石饱和双相流体时,润湿相流体T₁/T₂值高于非润湿相流体,通过观察不同饱和度状态T₁-T₂二维图谱的变化,能够判断岩石的润湿性.本文的理论分析与初步实验结果为岩石润湿性研究提供了新的手段,对核磁共振测井探测储层润湿性也具有一定的应用价值.     

Compensating elastic transmission losses for P-wave attenuation estimation from sonic logs

The decay of seismic amplitude is caused by a variety of physical phenomena that can be divided broadly into elastic transmission losses (including geometrical spreading, interface transmission losses and scattering attenuation) and intrinsic attenuation, where wave energy is converted into heat due to viscous friction. The so-called statistical averaging method is currently considered as the most advanced sonic wave attenuation estimation method, and there exist various implementations of this method. But the way elastic transmission losses – that mask the true intrinsic attenuation – are compensated for appears to be an issue and in some cases this correction has been overlooked. In this paper, we revisit the statistical averaging method for intrinsic attenuation estimation with particular focus on the role of elastic transmission losses. Through synthetic examples, we demonstrate the importance of compensating for elastic transmission losses even if the variation of velocity and density with depth is not notable. Our implementation of the method uses finite-difference simulations thereby providing a versatile and accurate way to generate synthetic seismograms. We use a combination of elastic and viscoelastic finite-difference simulations to demonstrate the significant error without accurate compensation of the elastic transmission losses. We apply our implementation of the method to sonic waveforms acquired in an exploration well from Browse basin, Australia. The resulting intrinsic attenuation estimates are indeed indicative of gas-saturated zones identified from petrophysical analysis in which viscous friction are thought to be of importance.     

Between plate and salt tectonics—New stratigraphic constraints on the architecture and timing of the Dead Sea basin during the Late Quaternary

The Dead Sea is an extensional basin developing along a transform fault plate boundary. It is also a terminal salt basin. Without knowledge of precise stratigraphy, it is difficult to differentiate between the role of plate and salt tectonics on sedimentary accumulation and deformation patterns. While the environmental conditions responsible for sediment supply are reasonably constrained by previous studies on the lake margins, the current study focuses on deciphering the detailed stratigraphy across the entire northern Dead Sea basin as well as syn and post-depositional processes. The sedimentary architecture of the late Quaternary lacustrine succession was examined by integrating 851 km of seismic reflection data from three surveys with gamma ray and velocity logs and the stratigraphic division from an ICDP borehole cored in 2010. This allowed seismic interpretation to be anchored in time across the entire basin. Key surfaces were mapped based on borehole lithology and a newly constructed synthetic seismogram. Average interval velocities were used to calculate isopach maps and spatial and temporal sedimentation rates. Results show that the Amora Formation was deposited in a pre-existing graben bounded by two N-S trending longitudinal faults. Both faults remained active during deposition of the late Pleistocene Samra and Lisan Formations—the eastern fault continued to bound the basin while the western fault remained blind. On-going plate motion introduced a third longitudinal fault, increasing accommodation space westwards from the onset of deposition of the Samra Formation. During accumulation of these two formations, sedimentation rates were uniform over the lake and similar. High lake levels caused an increase in hydrostatic pressure. This led to salt withdrawal, which flowed to the south and southwest causing increased uplift of the Lisan and En Gedi diapirs and the formation of localized salt rim synclines. This induced local seismicity and slumping, resulting in an increased thickness of the Lisan succession within the lake relative to its margins. Sedimentation rates of the Holocene Ze'elim Fm were 4–5 times higher than before. The analysis presented here resolves central questions of spatial extent and timing of lithology, deposition rates and their variability across the basin, timing of faulting at and below the lake floor, and timing and extent of salt and plate tectonic phases and their effect on syn and post-depositional processes. Plate tectonics dictated the structure of the basin, while salt tectonics and sediment accumulation were primarily responsible for its fill architecture during the timeframe examined here.     

内部磁场梯度引起的扩散对NMR岩石测量响应的影响

低场NMR岩心分析能够刻度NMR测井响应,对于较为准确地预测储层的渗透率、束缚水体积等与产能密切相关的参数尤其重要.对来自南海东部油田的100%饱和盐水的砂岩岩心进行了变回波间隔的实验室NMR T2测量,随着回波间隔的增大对实验观测到的两种不同的T2 分布的移动进行了理论上的分析和解释.随着回波间隔的增加,T2谱向着长弛豫时间的移动可以用过优化NMR采集参数消除掉,而对另外一种由内部磁场梯度引起的移动即随着回波间隔增加T2谱向短弛豫时间的移动则复杂得多,至今为止也无法做到定量化内部磁场梯度的值,这种移动能够引起错误的NMR测井解释.因此理解内部磁场梯度对T2弛豫时间的影响是很有必要的.文中对由内部磁场梯度扩散引起的扩散弛豫对T2弛豫时间的影响进行了理论上的模拟计算,这有助于理解和解释岩石内部磁场梯度对NMR T2弛豫时间的影响.最后结合压汞毛管压力曲线,解释了具体的岩心实验结果,并且计算了具体的岩心的内部磁场梯度值,计算出的内部磁场梯度值应该被视为内部磁场梯度的几何平均值.     

成像测井缝洞解释评价研究进展

综合露头刻度井、数值模拟和物理模拟的实验结果对微电阻率扫描成像测井缝洞解释评价的研究进展进行了总结和探讨,分别包括岩芯归位、缝洞刻度率、岩芯和成像裂缝参数的差异性,以及裂缝宽度和地层孔隙度的计算.岩芯归位确定了缝洞体在地层中的深度和方位.电成像测井对过井眼未充填缝和孔洞发育段的刻度率为100％,而单个孔洞在岩芯和电成像...     

地表大回线源在任意层状介质中产生磁场的计算

在地面核磁共振数值模拟中,地下介质中任意一点处磁场快速计算非常重要。作者然对水以状介质,推导出利用递推方法求得任意一层中电磁波的透射和反射系数的简单方法,从而为精确、确定地计算位于地表的大回线源在地下任意一点处产生的磁场创造了有利条件。     

塔里木盆地奥陶系萤石脉—油气叠合成藏作用——高分辨率成像测井资料提供的证据

根据高分辨率电阻率成像测井解释,结 合岩心观察及薄片资料,探讨了塔里木盆 地塔中X井下奥陶统灰岩段内罕见的萤石脉—油气叠合成藏现象。萤石脉侵位于二叠纪塔里 木盆地中西部区域性火山活动时期,由上侵至地层浅部的低温岩浆热液沿断层、裂隙发育带 充填而成。萤石脉及其附近灰岩围岩中溶洞的形成为后期油气聚集提供了良好的储集条件, 它与充足的油气来源及上覆巨厚中、上奥陶统泥质岩有利的封盖条件配合,促成了油气在萤 石脉基础上的叠合成藏。该油气藏的发现为塔里木盆地油气勘探开辟了一个新领域,并丰富 了传统的油气成藏理论。     

由声测井资料计算反射系数序列中多分辨逼近的选择

介绍了由声测井资料计算反射系数序列中的多分辨率逼近理论,详细分析了由高分辨率的声测井资料计算低分辨率的反射系数序列的地质要求,进而在理论上讨论了此类问题中多分辨逼近的选择,并比较了由Ｈａａｒ系与由三次样条函数构造的多分辨率逼近这两种典型的多分辨逼近。最后利用理论模型及实际资料算例验证了选择恰当的多分辨率逼近在解决这类问题中的有效性。