Analysis of cation distribution in the octahedral sheet of dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates by using inverse Monte Carlo methods

An inverse Monte Carlo (MC) method was developed to determine the distribution of octahedral cations (Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, and Mg²⁺) in bentonite illite–smectite (I–S) samples (dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates) using FT–IR and ²⁷Al MAS NMR spectroscopies. FT–IR allows determination of the nature and proportion of different cation pairs bound to OH groups measuring the intensities of OH-bending bands. ²⁷Al MAS NMR data provide information about cation configuration because ²⁷Al MAS NMR intensity depends on Fe distribution. MC calculations based on FT–IR data alone show Fe segregation by short-range ordering (Fe clusters within 9 to 15?Å from a given Fe atom). Fe segregation increases with illite proportion. MC calculations based on IR and ²⁷Al NMR simultaneously yield similar configurations in which Fe clusters are smaller. The latter calculations fail to build appropriate cation distributions for those samples with higher number of illite layers and significant Fe content, which is indicative of long-range Fe ordering that cannot be detected by FT–IR and ²⁷Al MAS NMR. The proportion of Mg–Mg pairs is negligible in all samples, and calculations, in which the number of Mg atoms, as second neighbours, is minimised, create appropriate configurations.     

高岭石热转变产物~(29)Si、~(27)Al魔角旋转核磁共振研究

运用魔角旋转核磁共振结合红外光谱及X射线衍射等手段 ,研究了苏州高岭石 5 60～ 160 0℃热转变产物 ,主要获得以下结论 :①高岭石 偏高岭石 莫来石的转变系列的确存在结构上的连续性。其转变经历了几个阶段 :脱羟阶段 ( 4 0 0～ 60 0℃ ) ,偏高岭石阶段 ( 60 0～ 80 0℃ ) ,相分离阶段 ( 80 0～ 110 0℃ ) ,莫来石阶段( 110 0～ 160 0℃ )。②莫来石形成过程没有出现Al2 O3的大量分凝 ,但存在SiO2 的分凝。③偏高岭石 莫来石转变过程的中间相为Al Si尖晶石和准莫来石。④引起 10 0 0℃放热反应的主要因素是准莫来石的形成。     

ANN测井相分析方法研究

本文研究了用于测井相分析识别岩性的人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）模型设计并在ＳＵＮ工作站上用基于距离Ｄ－ＫｏｈｏｎｅｎＮＮ、Ｄ－ＢＰＮＮ两个网络建立了ＡＮＮ自动测井相分析系统。在实际应用中对比了ＡＷ岩相识别和传统多元统计岩相识别的效果，证明了ＡＮＮ模式识别技术用于测井相分析的可行性和优越性。     

低信噪比核磁共振测井资料的处理技术

基线偏离是由噪音引起的低信噪比核磁共振测井振幅数据的非随机干扰，可采用修正的弛豫谱反演方法压制该干扰。在该反演方法中，将基线偏离作为独立的未知数直接考虑到原始方程中，进行弛豫讲反演的同时，将该基线偏离作为未知数反演出来，并将其从弛豫谱中剔除。结合时间依赖波技术，这种数据处理技术能将低信噪比核磁测井数据中的基线偏离量分离出来，同时提高低信噪比按磁测井数据反演效果。     

NMR技术评价油田高温堵剂调剖效果

开采稠油的主要方式是注蒸汽，其中包括蒸汽驱和蒸汽吞吐，随着蒸汽吞吐的次数增加，稠油的采出量依次递减。由于油层的非均质性严重，蒸汽首先进入高渗层，高渗透地层的稠油首先被采出，低渗透率地层采出很少，之后的蒸汽都进入高渗低层，即产生汽窜，所谓的低效蒸汽，蒸汽冷凝后形成热水，受到重力作用进入底部油层，降低了蒸汽的利用率；同时，由于蒸汽的重力履和沿高渗透地层窜流，使蒸汽在地层中的波及系数降低。为了克服蒸汽驱中的问题，国内外学者进行了大量的研究。通过注入一种流体－调剖剂，由于它的高粘度高渗透层后，将减少高渗通道的渗透率，消除“汽窜”，封堵高渗透地层，提高中低渗透油层的动用程度，提高原油产量和采收率。本文利用核磁共振成像（NMR）无损检测技术，对蒸汽驱SAD－□型高温调剖剂进行岩心动态评价实验，考察该调剖剂的热稳定性以及堵剂的封堵效果。     

电成像测井资料在裂缝成因分析中的应用

以塔里木盆地为例,探讨高分辨率电成像测井资料在裂缝成因分析中的应用。根据电成像测井图像解释,利用裂缝图像的颜色(或灰度)和产状特征,结合岩芯标定和常规测井资料,可以有效地区分构造裂缝与非构造裂缝、张裂缝与剪裂缝,确定裂缝充填与否和充填物的成分,以及裂缝的溶蚀改造程度。利用从电成像测井图像上提取的共轭裂缝的产状信息,还可以恢复裂缝形成时古构造应力场的方向。     

Geosteranes: Identification and synthesis of a novel series of 3-substituted steranes

A novel series of 3-alkyl and 3-carboxyalkyl-5β(H)-steranes 7–10 along with a full homologous series of carboxyalkyl-sterane (C₁ to C₆) 4–6 with 3α(H)5α(H) configuration have been identified in marine-evaporitic oils from Fazenda Belém, Potiguar Basin (Brazil) on the basis of mass spectral interpretation. The synthesis of enantiomerically pure 3α-alkyl-5β(H)-cholestane and 3β-alkyl-5α(H)-cholestane standards and their coinjection with petroleum fractions confirmed the structural assignments.     

核磁共振（NMR）波谱技术对熔体结构研究的贡献

核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）波谱技术的应用极大地促进了对熔体结构的研究，获得了巨大的成就，主要表现在以下几个方面：成网离子在熔体结构中的分布特征；桥氧和非桥氧的有序－无序特征以及非桥氧环境的变化与熔体结构的关系；变网离子在熔体中的结构意义及地位；键角与键长的分布特征；温度对非桥氧环境的制约关系等。ＮＭＲ技术的发展使对熔体结构有序化机制的研究终于成为可能。     

Spectroscopic and Chromatographic studies of organic carbon in Recent marine sediments from the Peruvian Upwelling Zone

Early diagenesis of organic matter in sediments from two sites in the Peruvian Upwelling Zone (12°05′S, 77°39′W; 15°17′S, 75°24′W) has been studied by observing changes in the total organic carbon and lipid and humin fractions with depth. Transformations of the total carbon and humin fraction have been characterized by conventional and time-dependent solid state NMR techniques, while lipid diagenesis was monitored by measuring the concentration of sterols in the same sedimentary horizons. Both the quantity of total sterols and the relative abundances of individual sterols vary with sampling location, suggesting a difference in the input of biomass to the sediments at the two sites. Total sterol concentrations decrease with depth at both sites, but the loss of sterols occurs much more slowly at the more anoxic northern site, where sedimentation rates and organic carbon contents are approximately twice those at the southern site. ¹³C-NMR spectra of the total organic carbon and the humin fraction suggest that humin-like compounds are an original component of the sedimentary biomass, and dipolar-dephased spectra of the humin residue indicate that diagenetic alterations of the humin fraction are occurring even in these very young sediments. Conventional and time-dependent spectroscopic data support the hypothesis that humin formation results from selective preservation of microbially-resistant biopolymers which are an original component of the sedimentary biomass combined with loss of certain labile compounds.