郯庐断裂南段韧性构造岩天然气突破压力的测算

糜棱岩作为典型韧性构造岩广泛分布于盆地的深部、边部及与之相邻的山链中,其对深源天然气(尤其是无机成因CO₂)的封闭作用尚缺乏研究。本文在扫描电镜观测的基础上,运用气体吸附法和压汞法对郯庐断裂系南段糜棱岩和高级片麻岩的微孔隙结构参数进行了测试。糜棱岩的突破压力多数大于25MPa,其中有40%的样品在50MPa以上,中值半径多数为0.01nm,孔隙集中范围在2.5～16nm,含量10%左右。其微孔隙结构远远优于已知的低、中、高压气藏的实际盖层,表明糜棱岩是天然气的一种优质盖层。     

秦岭商丹带沙沟糜棱岩带的显微构造及其（p）－T－t演化路径的再认识

对沙沟糜棱岩带的７８个样品进行了显微构造与组构分析。石英以动态重结晶Ⅱ型条带为主，其Ｃ－轴组构型式为极密Ⅰ型，同时可见Ⅲ型石英条带残存。长石均显脆性碎裂变形，仅钾长石略具韧性变形。糜棱岩面理普遍绕过石榴石斑晶分布。存在多次后期脆性变形构造。这些显微构造与组构特征表明，该带糜棱岩化阶段处于中─高绿片岩相条件、并大致发生在晚白垩世以后。糜棱岩化阶段之前该带可能存在一个角闪岩相左行韧性剪切变形阶段。糜棱岩化阶段之后，该带直接进入脆性变形阶段。据此，笔者对前人有关沙沟糜棱岩带（ｐ）－Ｔ－ｔ演化路径提出修正意见。     

糜棱岩化过程中矿物变形温度计

对有效确定中—低温下糜棱岩变形温度一直以来都没有比较理想的方法，而在研究韧性剪切带过程中对其变形温度的确定又常是必不可少的。根据近年来国际上对天然石英、长石、方解石等矿物变形的研究成果，总结了利用矿物变形指示变形温度的方法。在不同的温度条件下，长石与石英的变形方式具有阶段性，其变形与动态重结晶型式与温度具有明显的对应关系。石英变形中的滑移系及其C 轴组构图主要受变形温度的控制。低温变形中的方解石e 双晶纹形态也与温度呈密切的相关性。观测这些矿物变形的显微构造，可以很好地估计韧性剪切带糜棱岩化过程中的变形温度。     

热水条件下花岗质糜棱岩的摩擦滑动实验研究

为了探讨大陆地壳断层深部的力学性质,我们选择了采自红河断裂带的糜棱岩作为实验样品,进行热水条件下的高温高压摩擦滑动实验.实验在一个以气体为介质的高温高压三轴实验系统中进行.实验条件是：有效正应力为200 MPa;孔隙水压为30 MPa（在400 ℃到600 ℃之间为超临界水条件）;温度为100 ℃到600 ℃;轴向加载的速率范围从0.04 μm/s到0.2 μm/s再到1 μm/s.实验结果表明：（1）当温度小于300 ℃时,糜棱岩的摩擦强度随着温度的上升而增大;当温度大于300 ℃时,糜棱岩的摩擦强度随着温度的上升而减小.这种趋势和以往花岗岩的摩擦滑动数据基本一致;（2）糜棱岩在200 ℃和400 ℃时表现为速度弱化,其余温度下为速度强化;（3）糜棱岩与已有花岗岩的摩擦滑动数据并不完全一致;（4）花岗质糜棱岩速度弱化向速度强化转变的温度在430 ℃附近,以此我们可以推测：在变形机制为摩擦滑动的深部条件下,地震成核的深度范围可以比以往的估计更深.     

天然变形岩石中的白云母压象

天然变形岩石中白云母压象见于丹东市四道沟金矿区元古宙变质沉积岩,即变质长石石英砂岩的糜棱岩中。在白云母压象中,相邻两组裂理交角约为60°,其中一组裂理平行于白云母光轴面,另外两组则与光轴面斜交。白云母压象形成于韧性剪切带初始活动阶段,时间上早于石英中广泛的亚晶化及动态重结晶作用阶段,其形成的温度、压力条件大致相当于下部绿片岩相,即温度在300—400℃左右,压力0.2—0.5GPa,形成时应变速率参考值不小于10~(-13)S~(-1)。     

Pb Isotope Compositions of Shibaqinghao Gold Deposit in Central Inner Mongolia,China

There are two types of gold ore in Shibaqinghao gold deposit, a mylonite ore and a quartz - vein ore. Pb isotope compositions for mylonite ore are characterized by lower Pb isotope ratios ranging from 16. 63 to 17.45 (206Pb/204Pb) , 15. 31 tol5.48 (207Pb/204Pb) , 36.52 to38.85 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the mantle evolu-tion. These ratios suggest that gold in the mylonite ore might be derived from the country rocks, which originated directly in the upper mantle. Pb isotope compositions for quartz - vein ore are characterized by higher Pb isotope ratios ranging from 18.23 to 19.74 (206Pb/204Pb) , 15. 69 to 15. 89(207Pb/204Pb) , 38. 64 to 40. 13 (208Pb/204Pb). They are scattered very close to a model curve of the upper crustal evolution. These facts indicate that the gold in the quartz - vein ore might be relat-ed to some granitic magma generated in the crust.     

Propagation of seismic slip from brittle to ductile crust: Evidence from pseudotachylyte of the Woodroffe thrust, central Australia

The Woodroffe thrust, central Australia, is a > 1.5-km-wide mylonitized shear zone marked by large volumes of mm- to cm-scale pseudotachylyte veins. The pseudotachylytes display typical melt-origin features, including rounded and embayed clasts, spherulitic and dentritic microlites, and flow structures within a fine-grained matrix. Three types of pseudotachylyte are identified on the basis of deformation texture, vein morphology, and host-rock lithology: cataclasite-related (C-Pt), mylonite-related (M-Pt), and ultramylonite-related (Um-Pt). The M-Pt and Um-Pt veins intrude into mylonite and ultramylonite and are themselves overprinted by subsequent mylonitization. These pseudotachylytes contain an internal foliation defined by flattened porphyroclasts and layering of the fine-grained vein matrix, and the foliation is generally oriented parallel to foliation in the surrounding mylonite and ultramylonite. These observations constrain the timing and environment of M-Pt and Um-Pt pseudotachylyte formation to a protracted period of deformation and mylonitization within the ductile regime of the crust. The M-Pt and Um-Pt veins, as well as the host mylonite, are overprinted by cataclasis and multiple generations of late-stage C-Pt veins that were generated in the brittle-dominated regime of the upper crust during uplift and exhumation of the shear zone.The coexistence of multiple generations of voluminous C-Pt, M-Pt, and Um-Pt veins indicates that the pseudotachylyte veins represent a large number of large earthquakes and accompanying seismic slip over an extended period of seismicity on the Woodroffe thrust. The timing and distribution of pseudotachylyte indicate that the earthquakes nucleated at the base of the brittle-dominated seismogenic zone and propagated down through the brittle–ductile transition into the ductile-dominated regime of the crust.     

构造差应力与构造附加静水压力关系研究

构造差应力究竟能够产生多大的附加静水压力在地学界一直有很大争议。本文通过大别山东端郯庐韧性剪切带中糜棱岩的构造差应力测量和同构造新生白云母的电子探针分析,对这一科学问题进行了初步探讨。对该断裂带12个糜棱岩样品进行了20次构造差应力测量,获得了114.6~149.6MPa的差应力值;对同构造新生白云母的电子探针分析获得岩石的形成时的围压为291.7~531.3MPa。通过构造差应力与岩石围压的对比分析,笔者认为岩石中的“构造超压”并不完全是构造差应力产生的附加静水压力造成的,还应包括了岩石中流体压力的贡献。在中-上地壳,附加静水压力主要由流体压力构成;而在下地壳和岩石圈深部,岩石的构造超压主要来自于由构造差应力产生的附加静水压力。但由于岩石圈深部构造差应力的急剧减小,产生的构造附加静水压力对围岩的贡献量极小,并不能使超高压岩石的形成深度明显变浅。     

Igneous origin of K-feldspar megacrysts in deformed granite of the Papoose Flat Pluton, California, USA

Many points of evidence, especially igneous microstructures and structures resulting from solid-state deformation, indicate that K-feldspar megacrysts in deformed granites of the Papoose Flat pluton are residual phenocrysts, not porphyroblasts. Evidence of an igneous origin includes features such as crystal shapes, simple twinning, zonally arranged euhedral plagioclase inclusions, oscillatory compositional zoning, and local occurrence in microgranitoid enclaves. Evidence of solid-state deformation of the megacrysts (which is consistent with their existence prior to the mylonitic deformation) includes marginal recrystallization and neocrystallization, microcline twinning, marginal replacement by myrmekite, and recrystallized/neocrystallized “tails”. Evidence of porphyroblastic growth, such as overgrown inclusion trails, is absent. This appears to be the situation in most felsic augen gneisses and mylonites.     

浙西南八都群变火山岩及变晶糜棱岩的同位素年龄及其构造意义

浙西南八都群变火山岩系的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ全岩等时线参考年龄为２０１４±４３Ｍａ。其中变质玄武岩具有扁平的ＲＥＥ模型。这说明在早元古，华夏古陆张裂并发生一次陆壳增生事件。对该区与具有逆掩断层性质的Ｍ１大型韧性剪切带有关的含石榴石变晶糜棱岩给出１５１８±１６Ｍａ和１００１±１４Ｍａ的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ和Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ石榴石十全岩等时线年龄。前者指示原含石榴石变质岩的变质时代；后者指示的是糜棱岩化时代。它们可能分别与中元古时华夏古陆的再次张裂，及晚元古时龙泉群沉积盆地闭合有关。