Damped harmonic oscillator interpretation of the soft-state power spectra of Cyg X-1

We develop a model of an accretion disc in which the variability induced at a given radius is governed by a damped harmonic oscillator at the corresponding epicyclic frequency. That variability induces both linear and non-linear responses in the locally emitted radiation. The total observed variability of a source is the sum of these contributions over the disc radius weighted by the energy dissipation rate at each radius. It is shown that this simple model, which effectively has only three parameters including the normalization, can explain the range of the power spectra observed from Cyg X-1 in the soft state. Although a degeneracy between the black hole mass and the strength of the damping does not allow a unique determination of the mass, we can still constrain it to  ≲(16–20) M_⊙  . We also show that our model preserves the observed linear rms–flux relationship even in the presence of the non-linear flux response.     

以物理模型为指导开展中尺度地震预测试验场研究

震源物理的研究进展表明：地震预测工程不仅是高科技问题,更重要的是需要以正确的物理模型作为指导。地震预测试验场的研究可以从气象学、地球物理、地球化学、矿山地震和瓦斯突出的研究中获得许多启示。在今后的十年中,要注意流体,特别是超临界流体在地震成因中的作用。地震试验场应有明确物理思路,形成多种物理方法的实质性格局,改变自由进出、过于分散的情况。建议除在京津、川滇等建立构造地震预测研究试验场外,还可以利用矿山、火山作为中尺度地震试验场。     

壳-幔动力学与活化构造(地洼)理论

壳-幔动力学是地球内部物理学和大地构造演化的重要研究方向之一。本文从地球物理角度出发,以物理概念和数学描述相结合的定量方式,对陈国达院士生前所创建的活化构造(地洼)理论研究中的某些地球深部动力学问题进行了较系统的综合评述和探讨。主要论题包括岩石圈的性质与物理学、地幔流变学、重力与均衡理论、地球的温度和热传递,诸如热传导、物质的物理运动所引起的热传输、地球内部的热对流及地幔柱的形成和作用等。作者特别强调了构造演化的定量分析问题,如热时间常数、热应力与其它力源、水平运动与垂直运动的关系,以及地壳断裂作用。岩石圈的构造作用与演化是与深部热运动有关的水平 (压缩和扩张)应力和由地壳厚度差异所导致的垂直应力差的共同结果。热应力的构造意义主要表现为短时间尺度的脆性断裂或柔性应变松弛过程。局部对流机制对活化构造(地洼)研究值得重视。     

电力GIS的发展及主要功能

随着我国国民经济的发展,电力资源需求迅速增长,使得电力业务不断扩大,为了保证电力企业的安全生产和正常运行,提高供电质量和稳定性,必须有一个可靠的运行系统作为电力部门生产和发展的基础。电力GIS就是在这种需求下出现的。由于GIS技术的优势,使其在电力行业得到很好的应用,同时,集成电力企业中已经存在的一些系统,将逐步发展,纳入电力GIS之中。     

积云对流和云物理过程调整对气候模拟的影响

本文利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 (LASG/IAP) 的大气环流谱模式SAMIL, 结合观测与政府间气候变化专门委员会第四次评估报告 (IPCC AR4) 大气模式集合平均结果, 以大气辐射通量为例, 诊断分析了物理过程调整前后模式对气候模拟的影响。旧版本SAMIL对大气辐射通量的模拟存在较大偏差, 经过大气辐射过程、 积云对流和诊断云等物理过程的调整后, 新版本SAMIL模拟的全球辐射通量的年平均结果与观测的偏差大幅减小, 其中大气顶能量收支的年变化及其平均值与观测更为接近。在积云对流方案调整基础上, 通过对诊断云物理方案的进一步调整, 新版本SAMIL对云物理量模拟更为合理, 在赤道辐合带等区域, 在很大程度上克服了单一积云对流物理过程调整引起的云宏观和微观属性不匹配问题, 能模拟出夏季气候平均辐射通量的全球分布特征, 尤其在东亚区域有较好的模拟能力。研究还表明, 在热带和副热带对流活跃区域, 当前SAMIL中积云对流过程偏差对辐射通量的模拟偏差有很大影响, 而模式中较为简单的诊断云方案也会将云宏观物理量模拟偏差带入云微观量模拟中, 也是主要偏差源之一。本文结果表明, 要继续提高SAMIL的模拟性能, 急需更新云物理参数化方案以改进云辐射过程的模拟, 同时也需要有针对性的研究积云对流和云物理过程之间相互作用, 并作进一步协同调整。     

Plasma convection at high latitudes using the EISCAT VHF and ESR incoherent scatter radars

The recent availability of substantial data sets taken by the EISCAT Svalbard Radar allows several important tests to be made on the determination of convection patterns from incoherent scatter radar results. During one 30-h period, the Svalbard Radar made 15 min scans combining local field aligned observations with two, low elevation positions selected to intersect the two beams of the Common Programme Four experiment being simultaneously conducted by the EISCAT VHF radar at Troms. The common volume results from the two radars are compared. The plasma convection velocities determined independently by the two radars are shown to agree very closely and the combined three-dimensional velocity data used to test the common assumption of negligible field-aligned flow in this regime.     

A survey of magnetopause FTEs and associated flow bursts in the polar ionosphere

Using the Equator-S spacecraft and SuperDARN HF radars an extensive survey of bursty reconnection at the magnetopause and associated flows in the polar ionosphere has been conducted. Flux transfer event (FTE) signatures were identified in the Equator-S magnetometer data during periods of magnetopause contact in January and February 1998. Assuming the effects of the FTEs propagate to the polar ionosphere as geomagnetic field-aligned-currents and associated Alfveén-waves, appropriate field mappings to the fields-of-view of SuperDARN radars were performed. The radars observed discrete ionospheric flow channel events (FCEs) of the type previously assumed to be related to pulse reconnection. Such FCEs were associated with 80% of the FTEs and the two signatures are shown to be statistically associated with greater than 99% confidence. Exemplary case studies highlight the nature of the ionospheric flows and their relation to the high latitude convection pattern, the association methodology, and the problems caused by instrument limitations.     

The ionospheric footprint of antiparallel merging regions on the dayside magnetopause

The antiparallel merging hypothesis states that reconnection takes place on the dayside magnetopause where the solar and geomagnetic fields are oppositely directed. With this criterion, we have mapped the predicted merging regions to the ionosphere using the Tsyganenko 96 magnetic field model, distinguishing between regions of sub-Alfvénic and super-Alfvénic magnetosheath flow, and identifying the day-night terminator. We present the resulting shape, width and latitude of the ionospheric dayside merging regions in both hemispheres, showing their dependence on the Earths dipole tilt. The resulting seasonal variation of the longitudinal width is consistent with the conjugate electric fields in the northern and southern cusps, as measured by the SuperDARN HF radars, for example. We also find a seasonal shift in latitude similar to that observed in satellite cusp data.     

Simultaneous optical and radar signatures of poleward-moving auroral forms

Dayside poleward moving auroral forms (PMAFs) were detected between 06:30 and 07:00 UT on December 16, 1998, by the meridian scanning photometer and the all-sky camera at Ny Ålesund, Svalbard. Simultaneous SuperDARN HF radar measurements permitted the study of the associated ionospheric velocity pattern. A good general agreement is observed between the location and movement of velocity enhancements (flow channels) and the PMAFs. Clear signatures of equatorward flow were detected in the vicinity of PMAFs. This flow is believed to be the signature of a return flow outside the reconnected flux tube, as predicted by the Southwood model. The simulated signatures of this model reproduce globally the measured signatures, and differences with the experimental data can be explained by the simplifications of the model. Proposed schemes of the flow modification due to the presence of several flow channels and the modification of cusp and region 1 field-aligned currents at the time of sporadic reconnection events are shown to fit well with the observations.     

The dawn and dusk electrojet response to substorm onset

We have investigated the time delay between substorm onset and related reactions in the dawn and dusk ionospheric electrojets, clearly separated from the nightside located substorm current wedge by several hours in MLT. We looked for substorm onsets occurring over Greenland, where the onset was identified by a LANL satellite and DMI magnetometers located on Greenland. With this setup the MARIA magnetometer network was located at dusk, monitoring the eastward electrojet, and the IMAGE chain at dawn, for the westward jet. In the first few minutes following substorm onset, sudden enhancements of the electrojets were identified by looking for rapid changes in magnetograms. These results show that the speed of information transfer between the region of onset and the dawn and dusk ionosphere is very high. A number of events where the reaction seemed to preceed the onset were explained by either unfavorable instrument locations, preventing proper onset timing, or by the inner magnetospheres reaction to the Earthward fast flows from the near-Earth neutral line model. Case studies with ionospheric coherent (SuperDARN) and incoherent (EISCAT) radars have been performed to see whether a convection-induced electric field or enhanced conductivity is the main agent for the reactions in the electrojets. The results indicate an imposed electric field enhancement.