磺化层柱状有机膦酸锆的合成及催化反应研究

在氢氟酸溶液中,混合亚磷酸、4,4’-联苯二膦酸和锆离子反应生成4,4’-联苯二膦酸锆／亚磷酸锆（简称MCZP）,改变有机酸和亚磷酸的比例,可以合成具有相同组分但结构不同的一系列化合物。通过磺化反应,在苯环上接上磺酸基团后,它具有类似强酸性阳离子交换树脂特性．该文首次对这类化合物催化酯化、醚化等典型的酸催化有机反应进行了研究,结果表明其催化转化率高、催化剂可重复使用和再生,是一种很有发展前途的新型固体酸催化剂．     

A Simplified Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Organically Bound Halogens in Salt‐containing Water Samples

A method was developed for the determination of organic halogens in water samples with the aim of minimizing matrix effects and simplifying the sample preparation technique commonly used. The method is based on the adsorption of organic halogens in modified hydrophilic divinylbenzene polymer columns and their elution with methanol. The adsorbent used enables rapid adsorption and desorption due to comparatively high operating flow rates and minimized solvent amounts. Furthermore, no additional reconcentration steps are needed. The methanol extract obtained is combusted with a standard EOX (extractable organic halogen) analyzer and the concentration of organically bound halogens is determined by microcoulometric analysis. The matrix effects are considerably reduced compared to the standard procedure (EN 1485) commonly used. A detection limit of 13 μg/L was established.     

3-D voxel-based solid modeling of a broad-leaved tree for accurate volume estimation using portable scanning lidar

We developed a method to produce a 3-D voxel-based solid model of a tree based on portable scanning lidar data for accurate estimation of the volume of the woody material. First, we obtained lidar measurements with a high laser pulse density from several measurement positions around the target, a Japanese zelkova tree. Next, we converted lidar-derived point-cloud data for the target into voxels. The voxel size was 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm. Then, we used differences in the spatial distribution of voxels to separate the stem and large branches (diameter > 1 cm) from small branches (diameter ⩽ 1 cm). We classified the voxels into sets corresponding to the stem and to each large branch and then interpolated voxels to fill out their surfaces and their interiors. We then merged the stem and large branches with the small branches. The resultant solid model of the entire tree was composed of consecutive voxels that filled the outer surface and the interior of the stem and large branches, and a cloud of voxels equivalent to small branches that were discretely scattered in mainly the upper part of the target. Using this model, we estimated the woody material volume by counting the number of voxels in each part and multiplying the number of voxels by the unit voxel volume (0.13 cm³). The percentage error of the volume of the stem and part of a large branch was 0.5%. The estimation error of a certain part of the small branches was 34.0%.     

新疆罗布泊盐湖深部钾盐找矿新进展

罗布泊是世界最大干盐湖之一,罗布泊超大型钾盐矿床从1995年发现至今,经历了找钾远景预测、勘查、系统科学研究、扩大找矿及开发利用快速推进的过程,浅部(200m以浅)钾盐资源量已基本查明,但没有一个穿透第四系的较深地质科学钻井。通过区域气候条件、盐类矿物分布、碎屑岩层储卤等方面与柴达木盆地西部的对比分析以及罗布泊地堑式断陷带储卤的发现,提出罗布泊深部具有钾盐成矿远景。在罗布泊罗北凹地西北部实施盐湖深部钾盐找矿第一深井(LDK01井),首次发现钾芒硝、钾锶矾、红钾铁盐等盐类矿物;在深部地层碎屑岩层中发现钾盐矿物钾石盐、光卤石等,地层中KCl含量高达2.86%,揭示地层深部存在低品位固体钾矿,确定为一种新类型钾矿,即碎屑岩型钾矿,为罗布泊深部钾盐找矿拓展了方向和空间;深层碎屑岩地层储集卤水,卤水KCl平均品位1.50%,揭示出罗布泊盐湖深部存在富钾卤水。重力探测发现罗布泊盆地西部发育次级凹地,初步确定凹地中心第四系沉积厚度大于1200m。结合地质分析,预测库鲁克塔格山前断陷盆地和罗北盆地为进一步寻找深部隐伏钾盐矿床的重要靶区。综合遥感、物探、物性特征等资料及研究成果,估算罗北凹地深部钾盐预测资源量为1.60×108t,并提出罗北凹地西部及附近区域的深部地层中还蕴藏有丰富的钾盐资源,罗布泊深部找钾潜力巨大。该成果对深化认识罗布泊盐湖的形成演化及满足钾肥生产企业大规模开发均具有重要意义。     

超导重力仪检测2011年日本东北Mw9.0级地震前的重力扰动信号

对大地震前的扰动现象的研究有助于认识地震孕育的动力学过程,震前重力扰动已成为关注的热点之一. 对大地震前的扰动现象的研究有助于认识地震孕育的动力学过程,震前重力扰动已成为关注的热点之一. 为检验日本M_w9.0级地震是否存在震前扰动现象,本研究利用全球超导重力仪记录到的地震前后7天内20组秒采样数据进行分析. 经潮汐、大气改正等处理去除仪器的漂移及残余潮汐效应,得到非潮汐重力变化曲线.结果表明大部分振幅大于30×10^-8 m·s^-2的曲线反映了全球M_w≥6级地震引起的高频波动信号,其中11组数据在3月9日M_w7.3级前震之前出现了扰动现象.震前扰动可分解为三个频段,其中,低于0.1 Hz和高于0.18 Hz的分量分别反映了地震波动信号及非构造信息,中间频段(0.118~0.18 Hz)信号能够较大程度地压制地震波动信号、并同时保留异常扰动信息.它的振幅在3月7日10时之前基本保持约1×10^-8 m·s^-2,之后开始逐渐增大,到3月9日7.3级前震前后达到最大,此后振荡衰减,振幅保持约(5~10)×10^-8 m·s^-2,直至主震发生.中间频段信号的变化特征与主震前的应力迁移过程以及实验记录到的地震成核过程有许多相似之处;不过,震前重力异常是否与主震前的应力加速积累有关,仍待进一步研究.     

Possible chemical structures and biological precursors of different vitrinites in coal measure in Northwest China

Chemical structure of Jurassic vitrinites isolated from the coals in basins in NW China have been checked using solid state ¹³C NMR and flash pyrolysis-GC/MS. Study shows some Jurassic collodetrinites are rich in aliphatic products in pyrolysates, consisting with the high amount of methylene carbon in ¹³C NMR spectra. In contrast, pyrolysates of Jurassic collotelinites are rich in phenols and alkylbenzenes. Also one Pennsylvanian and one Permian vitrinite selected from the Ordos basin, NW China have been checked for comparison. The proportion of aliphatics is low in pyrolysates, and aliphatic carbon peak in ¹³C NMR spectrum of Permian vitrinite is mostly composed of gas-prone carbons compared with collodetrinites in those Jurassic basins. But both pyrolysis and ¹³C NMR data shows the Pennsylvanian vitrinite is not only gas-prone but also oil-prone. Relatively high proportion of long chain aliphatic structure of some Jurassic vitrinite in Junggar, Turpan-Hami basins may be due to the contribution of liptodetrinites, which may be included during the formation of vitrinites. And it seems that suberinite is the most possible precursor of long chain aliphatics in the structure of Jurassic collodetrinite.     

中国科学院固体地球科学知识创新工程现状与发展态势

回顾了中国科学院国家知识创新试点工程实施以来特别是启动阶段3年里固体地球科学知识创新工程试点各项工作的进展情况，包括项目与经费、创新成果、人才吸引、科研竞争力提升、院地合作推进等方面，分析和总结了中国科学院固体地球科学知识创新工程现状，并展望了固体地球科学知识创新工程若干重要发展态势。     

On the tidal variation of the geopotential

In this paper analytical expressions are derived for the temporal variations ofJ ₂ andJ ₂₂ due to the tides of the solid Earth, taking into account only the deformation of the mantle, and employing a procedure already used by the authors in their Hamiltonian theory of the Earth's rotation, which obtain the necessary parameters in a direct way by integration of those provided by a selected model of Earth interior.Numerical tables giving the periodic variation of coefficients are given, as well as a new prediction for UT1. For J ₂ and J ₂₂ the amplitudes reach such a magnitude that both two variations should not be ignored in studies involving the analysis of highly precise satellite tracking data. Moreover, the possibility of improving our knowledge of the value of those harmonic coefficients in only a more exact digit appears as to be strongly dependent on the limitations in the theoretical modeling of the variations of the inertia tensor due to solid tides.     

应力调制在辽宁地区地震预报中的应用

应用应力调制图像法对辽宁地区1970年以来的21次ML≥5．0地震进行了检验。结果显示，有18次地震的震前出现了S值异常单元，虚报地震11次，漏报3次，R值评分0．58。     

利用废弃石膏矿储存原油可行性分析

随着我国能源消费的急剧增加,原油储备的建设已经刻不容缓,目前国内外常用的原油储存方式为地面油罐储存,其技术成熟、建设周期较短、全世界已经建设有大量的地面原油罐,而另外一种储备型式地下存储原油,则是近年来国内兴起的一种新兴石油储备方式。国内目前一般都选则花岗岩体作为建库岩体,采用此方法建设地下洞库对岩石条件限定较严格,目前国内在建的几座地下洞库都分布于东部沿海花岗岩地区。本文主要研究利用废弃石膏矿存储原油的可行性,通过对国内某石膏矿区的工程地质特性、水文地质特性、围岩稳定性分析、室内原油浸泡试验、原油储备综合分析等综合手段研究,初步得出了该石膏矿区具有较好的地质条件; 场区区域稳定性好无断层通过,石膏矿体平均厚度为458.42m,石膏矿岩样的单轴饱和抗压强度平均为55.45MPa、石膏矿体的岩体质量为Ⅱ级,采房及各种巷道围岩稳定,石膏矿吸水率范围在0.014% ～0.036%,吸油率范围在0.060% ～0.083%。同时石膏矿储备原油具有节约土地、投资省、运营定员少、安全性高、环保污染少、使用寿命长等特点。通过以上研究,本文得出该石膏矿区已经具备建设地下原油储备的基本地质条件。