粤东成矿地质背景及银-铜-铅-锌成矿物质来源探讨

通过对粤东地区地层和岩石中成矿元素含量和区域地质背景的分析,认为粤东地区铜铅-锌-银成矿作用与燕山期的构造-岩浆作用关系密切,成矿物质中银-铜-锌以下地壳来源为主,铅则以上地壳及沉积地层来源为主。     

Use of unit response functions for management of regional multilayered aquifers: application to the North Aquitaine Tertiary system (France)

Although there are many numerical applications used in aquifer management, few methodologies seem to be sufficiently adapted to provide solutions for regional-scale problems. Their applications for multilayered aquifers are also too limited. A new groundwater management tool adapted to such large physical systems has been developed, using the unit response function (URF) approach. This tool is based on the link between a numerical groundwater flow model and a mathematical optimisation tool. Pre- and post processing are based on a geographical information system (GIS). The developed tool has been applied to a real management case—the regional Aquitaine multilayered aquifer (France). A representative hydrodynamic model was built using MODFLOW 2000 code. First tests show that the linearity condition needed for the application of URF methodology is respected despite the high complexity of the system. Two management scenarios were tested. Optimal solutions thus obtained allow for viable exploitation alternatives to be proposed, which integrate complex environmental constraints.

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Résumé Malgré un nombre important d’applications existant dans le domaine de la gestion des aquifères, peu de méthodologies semblent adaptées pour proposer des solutions à des problèmes réels de dimension régionale. Leurs application pour des systèmes multicouches sont souvent trop limitées. Un outil de gestion adapté à ces systèmes de large taille a été développé, basé sur la théorie des Fonctions de Réponses Unitaires (FRU). Cet outil est basé sur le couplage d’un modèle numérique d’écoulement et d’un code d’optimisation mathématique. Les entrées et sorties du modèle sont réalisées à l’aide d’un Système d’Information Géographique (SIG). L’outil développé est appliqué à un cas de gestion réel—le système aquifère régional multicouche aquitain (France). Un modèle hydrodynamique représentatif a été construit, basé sur le code MODFLOW 2000. Les premiers tests montrent que les conditions de linéarité nécessaires à l’application de la méthode FRU sont respectées, malgré l’importante complexité du système. Deux scénarii de gestion sont testés. Les solutions optimales ainsi obtenues permettent de proposer des solutions d’exploitation alternatives viables, intégrant des contraintes environnementales complexes.

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Resumen Aunque hay muchas aplicaciones numéricas usadas en la gestión de acuíferos, unas pocas metodologías parecen estar adaptadas suficientemente para dar las soluciones a los problemas de escala regional. También son limitadas sus aplicaciones para los acuíferos multicapa. Se ha desarrollado una nueva herramienta para el manejo del agua subterránea, adaptada a tales sistemas físicos grandes, usando el avance de la Función de Respuesta Unitaria (URF). Esta herramienta se basa en la combinación entre un modelo numérico de flujo de agua subterránea y una herramienta de optimización matemática. El pre-proceso y el post-proceso se basan en un Sistema de Información Geográfico (GIS). La herramienta desarrollada se ha aplicado a un caso real de manejo en el acuífero regional multicapa de Aquitania (Francia). Se construyó un modelo hidrodinámico representativo, que usó el código MODFLOW 2000. Las primeras pruebas muestran que la condición de linearidad, necesaria para la aplicación de la metodología URF, se respeta a pesar de la complejidad alta del sistema. Se probaron dos escenarios de manejo. Las soluciones óptimas así obtenidas permiten la proyección de alternativas viables de explotación, las cuales integran restricciones medioambientales complejas.

     

华北地台晚古生代含煤地层多重划分

以６０个大体均匀分布于华北地台的地层剖面为基础,以晚古生代聚煤盆地的整体性为依托,对华北晚古生代地层进行多重划分研究,在岩石地层方面,研究了地层分区、划分了１８个岩石地层单位“组”,分析了组的穿时性,在生物地层方面,重点介绍了蜒、古植物和孢粉生物地层,划分了各个组合带、延限带和顶峰带,分析了生物演化系列,空间展布和对比,提出了多方面的新认识,在年代地层方面,应用界线层型概念以及与首要门类生物地层单     

Water temperature behaviour in the River Loire since 1976 and 1881

Analysis of monthly mean river temperatures, recorded on an hourly basis in the middle reaches of the Loire since 1976, allows reconstruction by multiple linear regression of the annual, spring and summer water temperatures from equivalent information on air temperatures and river discharge. Since 1881, the average annual and summer temperatures of the Loire have risen by approximately 0.8?°C, this increase accelerating since the late 1980s due to the rise in air temperature and also to lower discharge rates. In addition, the thermal regime in the Orleans to Blois reach is considerably affected by the inflow of groundwater from the Calcaires de Beauce aquifer, as shown by the summer energy balance. To cite this article: F. Moatar, J. Gailhard, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

控制内蒙古二连盆地达尔其油田石油富集度的关键因素——不同油源原油的混合作用

在对3套烃源岩的质量和成熟度描述基础上,通过对原油物理性质、族组成和生物标志化合物参数的研究,在达尔其油田内划分出成熟度有明显差异的低熟油和成熟油。油源对比结果认为它们分别由都红木组一段低熟烃源岩和阿尔善组二段成熟烃源岩所生。推测成熟度参数介于低熟和成熟之间的原油为混源油。通过原油混合试验和油砂连续抽提试验证实了混源油的推测。通过油藏剖面中不同性质油层的分布特征研究,结合断层发育史与油气运移关系分析认为不同油源原油的混合是控制该油田石油富集度较高的关键因素。此外,还分析了控制混源的断层组合特征。     

基于GIS的区域地质编图方法

本文以地理信息系统在小比例尺区域地质编图中的应用为基础,结合《亚洲中部及邻区系列地质图》的编制,详细阐述了应用ArcInfo、MapGis等GIS软件进行数字地质编图的方法.对地理空间数据和专业地质空间数据的编制做了详细介绍,其中包括各种要素制图综合、属性库制作、编码设计、现势资料的补充等.根据数据源的不同,制定了不同的技术路线和工作方法.将来自不同国家的数据源进行数据转换、投影变换和误差校正,转换为统一的数据格式和投影坐标系统.对基于GIS的区域地质编图方法及数据源做了具体分析.     

The Migif–Hafafit gneissic complex of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: fold interference patterns involving multiply deformed sheath folds

The Wadi Hafafit Complex (WHC) is an arcuate belt of orthogneisses, migmatites and other high-grade metamorphic rocks, which marks the boundary between the Central Eastern and the South Eastern Deserts of Egypt. In the WHC, gneissic meta-gabbro outlines macroscopic fold interference patterns characterized by elliptical to irregular culminations cored by gneissic meta-tonalite to meta-trondhjemite. The five main culminations of the WHC have previously been labeled A (most northerly), B, C, D and E (most southerly). A detailed structural investigation of B, C, D and E reveals that these structures are a result of the interference of four macroscopic fold phases, the first three of which may represent a single deformation event. The first folding involved sheath-like fold nappes, which were transported to the N or NW, assisted by translation on gently dipping mylonite zones. The regional gneissosity and mineral extension lineations formed during this folding event. The fold nappes were deformed by mainly open upright small macroscopic and mesocopic folds with approximately NE-trending hinges. As a probable continuation of the latter folding, the sheaths were buckled into large macroscopic folds and monoclines with the same NE-trends. The fourth macroscopic folding resulted from shortening along the NE–SW direction, producing mainly NW–SE-trending upright gently plunging folds. Gravitative uplift is disputed as a component of the deformation history of the WHC. The peculiarities of the fold interference pattern result from the interesting behaviour of sheath folds during their refolding.     

多层螺旋CT肝脏三期增强扫描质量评价的探讨

多层螺旋CT和高压注射器的应用，使全肝动态多期增强扫描成为可能，但具体应用中，要想获得满意的肝脏三期增强效果，技术因素和患者因素也不容忽视。本文从科室影像服务器中提取在线的肝脏三期增强影像资料26例进行主观评价和CT值测量分析，结果表明，所有病例影像显示均无不满意评价，其中门脉期和实质期显示满意率均为100％，但动脉期显示满意率为65．4％，由此看出肝脏三期增强扫描的技术难点在动脉扫描时机的把握上，能否正确设置造影剂注射后的扫描延迟时间至关重要，文中对能够影响扫描延迟时间的因素进行说明并提出相应操作对策。     

云南兰坪-思茅盆地脉状铜矿床铅、硫同位素地球化学与成矿物质来源研究

云南兰坪-思茅盆地中一新生代砂页岩中赋存有许多脉状铜矿床。本文对盆地内从北至南三个典型脉状铜矿床(金满、水泄和白龙厂)进行了详细的铅、硫同位素研究，探讨了该类型矿床的成矿物质来源。分析表明。该类型矿床的铅同位素组成总体变化较小，且均位于上地壳铅演化线附近，说明成矿流体中铅具有稳定的上地壳来源。各矿床由于赋矿层位不同，矿石铅同位素组成表现出一定差异，如由兰坪盆地侏罗纪地层中的金满矿床到思茅盆地二叠纪地层中的白龙厂矿床，铅同位素比值(^207Pb/^204Pb)呈增高趋势，这表明这类矿床的铅主要来源于围岩地层，且地层越老，提供的铅就相对富含放射成因铅。矿床中脉石矿物重晶石、铁白云石等的锶同位素组成也表明，金满矿床成矿流体的^87Sr／^86Sr比值较高(0．70874—0．71232)，而白龙厂矿床的^87Sr／^86Sr比值较低(0．70829—0．70938)，接近于围岩灰岩的值(0．70755)。硫同位素研究表明，金满矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值变化最大，为-20．5‰- 7．0‰。水泄矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值变化最小，为-0．1‰- 4．2‰。而白龙厂矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值为-14．3‰--3．6‰。水泄和白龙厂矿床中重晶石的δ^34S值分别为 12．3‰- 19．0‰和 13．1‰，它们与盆地中蒸发岩层中石膏的δ^34S值( 10．8‰- 15．7‰)相近。分析表明，兰坪-思茅盆地中脉状铜矿的硫源主要来源于盆地热卤水萃取的地层中蒸发岩硫酸盐，它们通过有机质的热分解反应还原为沉淀硫化物所必需的低价硫。各矿床独特的硫同位素组成还表明它们的硫源受局部地层硫源和成矿流体物理化学性质所控制。本文提出大气降水起源的盆地热卤水通过对围岩中新生代地层的淋滤和萃取，获得了成矿所需的金属和硫，并在构造薄弱部位沉淀形成了本区的脉状铜矿床。     

Mid‐Holocene sub‐blanket‐peat alluvia and sediment sources in the upper Liffey valley,Co. Wicklow,Ireland

A recently exposed section across a ?rst‐order valley buried beneath the regional blanket peat on hillside slopes in the upper Liffey valley, Co. Wicklow, is described. The section shows two alluvia within a shallow valley form underlain by an extensive boulder and stone line over regional till and weathered granite. ¹⁴C dates from wood in the alluvia indicate the older alluvium to have formed between 4324 ± 53 BP and 4126 ± 45 BP and the younger between 3217 ± 53 BP and 2975 ± 53 BP . The basal layer of the overlying peat yielded a date of 2208 ± 61 BP . The younger alluvium shows the effects of soil paludi?cation prior to the peat expansion. Dated pollen analyses elsewhere in the upper catchment con?rm the spread of blanket peat over most areas above 350 m after 4000–3600 BP . The buried valley was contributing sediments to the mid‐Holocene ?oodplains in the upper Liffey valley prior to the extension of blanket peat over the catchment after which sediment yields from it and the other catchment slopes declined. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.