应变控制下压实黄土的动三轴试验研究

在动应变控制条件下,对压实黄土进行了应力松弛特性研究,得出应力松弛随湿度、围压、激振频率和初始应变变化的关系。对压实黄土在动应变控制方式下的振陷进行了研究,结果表明：压实黄土的振陷时间很短,振陷量随围压、频率的增加而减小,随着湿度的增加而增加。在试验及理论推导基础上,提出了压实黄土在动应变控制下的动力流变试验模型。研究结论对实际工程中处理压实黄土的振陷,有一定的理论指导意义。     

Metal exposure and biological responses in resident and transplanted blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the Scheldt estuary

The Western Scheldt river and estuary is known to be highly polluted as it receives industrial, agricultural and domestic effluents from one of the most populated and industrialised zones in Europe. Aquatic organisms are exposed to pollutants, specifically metals that are present in different environmental phases, e.g. dissolved, suspended material or sediment phases. The objective of this study was to study the relationship that exists between environmental metal levels, the degree of metal uptake by aquatic organisms with the concomitant biological responses. For this purpose the bivalve mollusk, Mytilus edulis, was selected as bioaccumulation indicator organism. Environmental (water and sediment) and mussel samples were collected during the late winter (March 2000) from sampling sites in the Scheldt estuary. Sites were selected to represent a salinity gradient from the mouth of the estuary to the furthest distribution area of mussels upstream in the system. Together with standard water quality parameters (e.g. salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, etc.) concentrations of twelve metals were analysed in the water (dissolved and suspended matter) and sediments. Levels of these metals were also measured in the soft tissue of M. edulis, together with concomitant biomarker responses in resident mussel populations at each site. The biomarkers that were included in this study were condition index, scope for growth, survival in air, cell membrane stability, DNA damage, and metallothioneins. Data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The physico-chemical parameters and metals in the environmental samples clustered the sites to reflect the distribution based on the salinity gradient. Bioaccumulation results revealed increased metal uptake along a pollution gradient with the highest metal bioaccumulation occurring at the upstream most sites and therefore closest to the in the industrial activities. However, the biomarker responses clustered the sites in a manner that reflected the influence of combination of internal exposure (bioaccumulation) and external exposure (physico-chemical conditions). These differences in biomarker responses clearly demonstrated were attributed to abiotic factors other than metal pollution alone e.g. localized short-term increases in increased suspended sediment concentrations and decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations.     

盾构衬砌管片土压力反分析研究

作用在管片上的土压力是影响管片设计的关键因素之一。目前松弛土压力的计算理论存在较多假定,与实际受力状态存在很大的差异,而且由于壁后注浆使得盾构隧道管片土压力实测比较困难,普遍存在土压力实测数据可靠性不高的问题。针对以上问题,建立了一种管片土压力反演分析方法,根据相对易于测定的管片内力实测数据,采用最优化方法反演作用在管片上的土压力的大小和分布。反演计算结果表明,深埋与浅埋条件下隧道土压力有较大的不同,且与目前设计土压力假定的分布也有很大的区别。     

饱和岩石的时温等效关系

通过饱和岩石的低频共振实验 ,探讨了饱和岩石热激活的驰豫过程 ,获得饱和岩石的驰豫个性和驰豫共性 ,二者在找矿勘探和大型岩土工程中均具有理论意义和实际应用价值     

2011年日本9.0级地震的同震位错以及震后应力松弛过程对中国大陆的影响

本文基于日本GEONET的GPS观测资料, 对日本2011年9.0级地震的同震和震后形变过程进行了研究。 结果表明, 日本9.0级地震使中国大陆出现了显著的同震位移, 几乎对整个中国大陆都有影响。 位移量在中国东北地区最大, 接近甚至超过该地区的年运动速率。 震后1年观测到的形变基本上可由沿着断层面的蠕滑进行模拟, 粘弹松弛的贡献不大。 根据所得到的震后蠕滑模型, 震后1年形变所释放的能量等同于发生一个8.7级地震, 其影响主要在东部地区, 最大位移约为年运动速率的30%。 预测在未来2年, 该地震的影响范围将逐渐减小。 地震造成的粘弹松弛在未来50~100年的尺度上, 对东北地区有拉张效应。 日本9.0级地震整体上起到了卸载中国大陆在板块间挤压过程中所累积应变能的作用, 因此该地震发生后的几个月, 中国大陆东部的地震活动水平较震前明显降低。     

低渗储层可动流体核磁共振研究

以低磁场核磁共振岩心分析技术为主,辅助以岩石薄片、环境电镜扫描、高分辨率CT、成像测井等常规测试手段,对国内3种不同岩性的典型低渗储层共计277块基质岩样进行可动流体评价研究,分析储层可动流体分布规律和影响因素,计算可动流体的T₂截止值和孔喉半径下限值。研究表明：低渗储层可动流体参数变化范围较宽;岩样渗透率越高,其与可动流体参数的相关性越强;低渗透砂岩储层可动流体百分数与孔隙度、渗透率之间相关性均较好,利用非线性最优化方法得到的计算值与实测值吻合很好;微裂缝的发育程度、孔径分布、粘土矿物含量及其充填程度等微观孔隙结构特征是低渗储层可动流体的主要影响因素。     

基于保幅拉东变换的多次波衰减

为在去除多次波时有效保护地震一次反射波数据的AVO现象,给后续反演、解释提供准确的地震数据,本文提出了一种基于保幅拉东变换的多次波衰减方法,该方法是对常规抛物拉东变换的修改,把常规的稀疏拉东变换在拉东域分成两部分：一部分用于模拟零偏移距处的反射波能量,增加的另一部分用于模拟反射波振幅的AVO特性.该方法不仅考虑了反射波同相轴的形状,还考虑了反射波同相轴振幅幅度的变化,从而可把反射波信息进行有效转换,进而有利于多次波的消除,更好地恢复有效波的能量.在把地震数据由时间域转换到拉东域时,本文采用了IRLS算法实现保幅拉东算子的反演.模型数据和实际地震道集的试算分析表明,与常规拉东变换相比,保幅拉东变换在去除多次波的同时可有效保护一次反射波的AVO现象.     

The interaction between organic phosphate ester and p53: An integrated experimental and in silico approach

Concerns have been raised in regards to the environmental impact of the more used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). In this study, to better understand the relationship between molecular structural features of OPFRs and binding affinity for the tumor suppressor p53, an integrated experimental and in silico approach was used. From docking analysis, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were found to be the dominant interactions, which implied the binding affinities of the compounds. The binding constants of 5 OPFRs were determined by surface plasmon resonance technology (SPR). Based on the observed interactions, appropriate molecular structural parameters were adopted to develop a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. The developed QSAR model had good robustness, predictive ability and mechanism interpretability. The interactions between the OPFRs and p53 (E_binding) and the partition ability of the OPFRs into the bio-phase are main factors governing the binding affinities.     

一个描述软黏土时效特性的一维弹黏塑性模型

为了描述软黏土一维应力-应变关系的时效特性,基于Bjerrum的等时间线体系,提出等黏塑性应变率线概念,推导了黏塑性应变率与黏塑性应变增量的关系,建立了软黏土的一维弹黏塑性模型;从理论上分析了新建模型与3种典型的一维弹黏塑性时效本构模型的内在联系,表明新建模型与其他3种模型在本质上是等效的,且形式更简洁,物理意义更明确;利用新建模型对软黏土的固结-蠕变耦合效应、应变率效应、应力松弛效应等时效特性进行了理论分析,并得到了相应的解析解;结合宁波软黏土的一维固结试验,阐述了模型参数的确定方法,并用新建模型对宁波软黏土的固结-蠕变试验、温州软黏土的一维多级等应变率试验、香港海相软黏土的一维应力松弛试验进行模拟,验证了新建模型的有效性。研究结果表明,新建模型能很好地模拟软黏土的一维时效特性。     

基于损伤演化的片岩应力松弛特性

为揭示丹巴水电站石英云母片岩的各向异性松弛性特及松弛过程中的损伤演化规律,针对平行片理组和垂直片理组石英云母片岩,采用程控蠕变试验仪,开展为期720 h的单轴应力松弛试验。试验发现,平行片理组和垂直片理组岩样的应力松弛曲线均可分为快速松弛、减速松弛和稳定松弛3个阶段,属于非完全衰减型松弛类型;受片理发育方向影响,平行片理组应力衰减历时较垂直片理组长。结合石英云母片岩的应力松弛特征,将基于能量耗散的损伤因子代入Bingham模型流变本构方程,利用改进Euler差分算法推导应力松弛方程,并用神经网络法对模型参数进行辨识。研究表明,平行片理组与垂直片理组在快速松弛阶段损伤发展较快,且随着松弛过程的进行损伤速率逐渐降低至稳定,损伤演化与应力松弛过程是统一的;考虑损伤演化的Bingham流变模型拟合曲线与试验结果具有较高的吻合度,说明文中提出的松弛方程能很好地描述石英云母片岩的应力松弛特性,对软岩工程研究具有较高的应用价值。