非均质含水层中渗流与溶质运移研究进展简

Natural aquifer heterogeneity controls the groundwater flow and solute transport, and how to accurately quantify the flow and solute transport in heterogeneous aquifers has received wide attention by many scholars, and has become a hot research topic in earth science. Theoretically, a systematic review is given by the following aspect: flow and solute transport model, moment analysis, multi scale analysis. The resolved and remained issues for scale conversion in hydrogeology research are pointed out. Secondly, recent advances of heterogeneous field test, uncertainty and velocity connectivity are analyzed. Finally, the geophysical inversion of aquifer heterogeneity, stochastic theory and development of stochastic simulation software, scale conversion and uncertainty of velocity connectivity, and the relationship between heterogeneity and hydrogeological condition on the major four aspects of the future research direction is pointed out.     

Use of multi-point analysis and modelling to address cross-scale coupling in space plasmas: Lessons from Cluster

The properties of plasmas (in space) are fundamentally governed by both ‘cross-scale’ coupling and comparative temporal behaviour operating over the micro-, meso-, and (MHD-) fluid regimes: for example, under conditions of turbulence, during magnetic reconnection and in shocks and other plasma boundaries. These themes map to a number of related and overlapping, phenomena, where known phenomena play different roles in each theme. Detailed understanding of fundamental plasma processes therefore requires analysis of both theoretical models (to distinguish the collisionless from the collisional regimes) and multi-scale measurements (suitable to address issues of stationarity). In particular, the investigation of phenomena requires analysis techniques which can distinguish and quantify temporal behaviour and the multi-scale spatial behaviour. The analysis of existing, multi-point data sets has led to a number of data co-ordination methods, such as the four spacecraft analysis tools developed for cluster, and we consider examples here. Advanced analysis concepts may be investigated with suitable considerations of measurement quality:adequate sampling of phenomena (for example, to extract the necessary information on the mechanisms operating) requires suitable spacecraft configurations and directly relates to the measurement quality achievable. A particular issue is how to resolve temporal behaviour across the spatial regimes, so that the data set is suitably coordinated. With the addition of theoretical modelling (in the context of particular phenomena) both the space and laboratory plasma regimes may be compared and we give an example of nonlinear wave coupling across spatial scales in this context.     

频率域波形反演中与频率相关的影响因素分析

波动方程深度偏移是解决复杂地质体成像的关键技术,基于波动方程的速度建模为其提供更为精确的速度模型.频率域波形反演是目前研究最为广泛的波动方程速度建模方法之一,它推动了波形反演在勘探尺度下的应用.本文通过对频率域波形反演的实现,分析对比了其有效执行过程中与频率相关的影响因素.介绍了时间域的多尺度反演方法在频率域的一种实现方式,对比分析了输入数据的频点带宽和应用的子波频带范围不同时对反演结果的影响.本文通过设计的山地地质模型对频率域波形反演进行了测试和对比,得到的结论为频率域波形反演的有效计算提供了依据和参考.     

月球重力异常的小波多尺度分析

本文将小波多尺度分析引入月球重力场的研究,选取测量数据质量较好的月球近区作为实验区域,以“Clementine”探测器获得的自由空气重力异常作为原始数据对主要月海盆地进行了局部的重力异常分解,解释了月球内部基本分层结构,并利用主要月海盆地的实验结果分析了月海下部质量异常以及莫霍面的起伏形态,与已有研究成果进行比较证明了方法的适用性及结果的合理性.     

基于多尺度球面小波解算GPS应变场的方法及应用

提出了利用多尺度球面小波解算GPS应变场的方法,该方法通过建立不规则分布的小波基函数以凸显测站非均匀分布的特征,获取不同空间尺度的应变场.通过对模拟数据进行对比分析验证该方法的有效性,模拟结果显示,多尺度球面小波应变计算方法稳健性较好.在位移场中加入高斯随机误差(均值为0.0mm,标准差为0.5mm)对应变计算结果的影响可忽略不计.从原有位移场随机抽取的60%的数据解算应变场时,仍然能够获取比较可靠的结果,但如果出现大范围的数据空缺,则会对应变结果产生明显影响.基于华北地区GPS测站原始观测数据,通过高精度数据处理方法解算了该区域GPS速度场,根据多尺度球面小波方法,解算了该区域的应变率场及其误差,并分析了其空间分布特征.     

南海北部陆坡区多次波发育特征及压制策略分析

南海北部陆坡坡折带和常规海上地震勘探观测系统的制约,再加上南海北部陆坡区复杂的海底地层构造,导致南海北部陆坡区地震勘探成像结果不够理想.究其主要原因是多次波发育复杂、遮挡了一次波能量,也就直接影响到一次波的成像效果,从而制约了对陆坡区更深入的油气勘探.本文结合南海北部陆坡区的构造特征,依据多次波的产生机理分析多次波的发育分布状况,得出单一的地球物理方法已经不能较好的解决南海北部陆坡区的多次波压制问题.针对该区域复杂的地质背景,在综合运用多种地球物理方法的基础上,严格依照多区域、多尺度的理念,提出一套适应南海北部陆坡区多次波压制的系统策略.经过实际资料检验,有效的压制南海北部陆坡区的多次波干扰,最大程度的突出一次波成像,为南海北部进一步的油气勘探夯实基础.     

Multi-scale study of permeability evolution of a bentonite clay owing to pollutant transport: Part II. Application to an MG-bentonite

This paper is concerned with the application of a multi-scale model of permeability evolution to the simulation of permeation tests of lead nitrate solutions in a compacted natural bentonite. In a previous work, the weathered hydraulic conductivity has been measured for different pollutant concentrations. Textural and structural evolutions induced by heavy metal sorption have also been investigated, therefore giving us information about the various pore spaces that may be encountered during the process of pollutant leaching. Such knowledge has been exploited during the construction of the numerical microstructures. First of all, pure water permeability tests have been simulated, this has allowed us to ascertain the representation of compacted clay before pollutant permeation. For both Prrenjas and Wyoming clays, permeation tests after pollutant permeation have then been simulated, using connected and non-connected macro-voids configurations. Different conclusions have been drawn based on simulation results for the two different clays investigated, which are supported by experimental evidence.     

Feedback mechanisms in chemo-mechanical multi-scale modeling of soil and sediment compaction

Geomaterials respond to some environmental circumstances through generation of a series of feedback mechanisms of damage, deformation, erosion, and chemical processes or reactions: e.g. osmosis, dissolution and precipitation, mineral transformations. These mechanisms are coupled at different scales. Several natural geomechanical processes, as sediment compaction, rock weathering or landsliding appear to include such sequences of mechanisms. A multi-physics model of sediment compaction is examined from the point of view of feedbacks and feedforwards for the phenomena involved at micro- and meso-scale. Two types of feedback are identified: constitutive feedbacks and boundary condition feedbacks. A numerical sensitivity study points out which feedbacks and feedforwards are strong and which are weak.     

Multi-scale modelling of the permeability evolution of fine sands during cement suspension grouting with filtration

Fluid flow during permeation grouting of fine sands with a microcement-based grout is studied by assuming that the heterogeneous medium composed of the initial granular skeleton, filtered cement and the interstitial fluid phase can be replaced by a continuous equivalent medium at the macroscopic level. Consequently, the method of Homogenization of Periodic Structures (HPS) is used to identify the effective permeability tensor evolution under the effect of cement filtration. The expression of the macroscopic permeability tensor derived through the HPS procedure is shown to depend on the permeating fluid viscosity and the geometrical arrangement of the sand grains and cement deposit within the microstructure. Numerical computations are made using various two-dimensional and three-dimensional microstructures, and the model results are confronted with grouting experiments performed on small scale columns in the laboratory.