流动成像测井研究进展

流动成像测井属于对非均匀介质动态的非线性测量，通过对油气井内多相流体信息的投影扫描和反演处理，实时成像显示流体分布及流动状况，国外研制的电导法，电容法仪器采用电导探针或电容元件构成阵列测量探头，分别利用油气与水的导电特性和介电特性差异辨识井内流体，对流动截面的测量局限于个别点上，已在水平井中见到应用效果，但对物场信息投影测量的数据量和分辨率未能满足成像要求。我国提出的电磁法采用环状阵列电极构成测量探头，综合利用油气与水的导电和介电特性差异辨识井内流体，可以测量获得多相流体流动截面的清晰图像，为研究开发全新的流动成像测井系统奠定了良好基础。     

A method to estimate hydraulic conductivity while drilling

A field test and analysis method has been developed to estimate the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity in shallow unconsolidated aquifers. The field method uses fluid injection ports and pressure transducers in a hollow auger that measure the hydraulic head outside the auger at several distances from the injection point. A constant injection rate is maintained for a duration time sufficient for the system to become steady state. Exploiting the analogy between electrical resistivity in geophysics and hydraulic flow two methods are used to estimate conductivity with depth: a half-space model based on spherical flow from a point injection at each measurement site, and a one-dimensional inversion of an entire dataset.

The injection methodology, conducted in three separate drilling operations, was investigated for repeatability, reproducibility, linearity, and for different injection sources. Repeatability tests, conducted at 10 levels, demonstrated standard deviations of generally less than 10%. Reproducibility tests conducted in three, closely spaced drilling operations generally showed a standard deviation of less than 20%, which is probably due to lateral variations in hydraulic conductivity. Linearity tests, made to determine dependency on flow rates, showed no indication of a flow rate bias. In order to obtain estimates of the hydraulic conductivity by an independent means, a series of measurements were made by injecting water through screens installed at two separate depths in a monitoring pipe near the measurement site. These estimates differed from the corresponding estimates obtained by injection in the hollow auger by a factor of less than 3.5, which can be attributed to variations in geology and the inaccurate estimates of the distance between the measurement and the injection sites at depth.     

对综合测井曲线解释的几点体会

本文阐述了在地质找矿中从地质角度对综合测井曲线解释的重要性；指出了测井曲线的一般特点和特殊优点；尤其对致密钙质岩石在测井曲线上的表现形式及其厚度确定做了深入研究；分析了测井曲线解释存在的问题；最后提出了几点建议。     

声波扫描成像在灾害防治及环境保护中的应用

利用超声波扫描成像测井技术，在地质灾害的预防与环境保护中可以检测由于采矿而形成的冒落带、裂隙带、离层带、洞穴及软弱层的存在状况及部位，测定基岩风化蚀变程度及深度，在地质灾害与环境保护的治理时可以监测治理的质量，提供了直观精确可靠的基础资料。     

小波变换在识别储层流体性质中的应用

根据小波变换的特点提出一种识别储层流体的新方法. 本文假设测井所得的信号为地层微观孔隙结构、地层流体性质及岩性和岩相等各部分的综合贡献之和，不同的储层中小波分析的能量谱特征不同，因而通过对已知储层模型进行小波能量谱分析，可得到各种储层的特征能量谱，根据这些储层特征能量谱就可以对待划分的储层段进行储层流体性质判别.     

多相流动电磁波成像测井测量敏感场计算

在多相流动电磁波成像测井研究中，测量敏感场是设计测量仪器和研究图像重建算法的前提工作. 本文用数值方法计算多相流动电磁波成像测井测量敏感场. 根据测量探头电极阵列的对称性，将三维敏感场问题划分为轴向和横向两个平面问题，然后应用有限元算法求解两个平面电势分布问题，对于不同介质模型，计算各种测量条件下测量区域内电势分布，进而根据电势分布计算测量敏感场. 结果表明测量敏感区域为发射电极到测量电极的弧形区域，在发射电极到测量电极的电势梯度线上，测量敏感函数近似于一个指数函数.     

用于多频电磁波测井的负阻抗变换式有源接收天线

本文对用负阻抗变换电路同小圆锥螺旋天线相结合,构成的有源接收天线进行了理论分析,并给出了该有源天线稳定工作的条件。结果表明,用该方法设计的有源接收天线具有较宽的频带、较高的灵敏度和较小的尺寸。是多频电磁波测井较理想的接收天线。     

The forward problem of electromagnetic induction: accurate finite-difference approximations for two-dimensional discrete boundaries with arbitrary geometry

We describe finite-difference approximations to the equations of 2-D electromagnetic induction that permit discrete boundaries to have arbitrary geometrical relationships to the nodes. This allows finite-difference modelling with the flexibility normally ascribed to finite-element modelling. Accuracy is demonstrated by comparison with finite-element computations. We also show that related approximations lead to substantially improved accuracy in regions of steep, but not discontinuous, conductivity gradient.