Fhe application of electromagnetic-induction on the measurement of sea ice thickness in the Antarctic

As an important component of the cryosphere, sea ice is very sensitive to climate change. The study of sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness. This paper presents an electromagnetic induction （EM） technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently and its successful application in the Antarctic Neila Fjord. Based on the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater and the application of electromagnetic field theory, this technique can accurately detect the distance between the EM instrument and the ice/water interface to measure the sea ice thickness. Analyzing the apparent conductivity data obtained by the electromagnetic induction technique and drill-hole measurements at same location allows the construction of a transform equation for the apparent conductivity and sea ice thickness. The verification of the calculated sea ice thickness using this equation indicates that the electromagnetic induction technique is able to determine reliable sea ice thickness with an average relative error of only 5.5%. The ice thickness profiles show the sea ice distribution in Neila Fjord is basically level with a thickness of 0.8 - 1.4 m.     

An analytical solution to multi-component NAPL dissolution equations

This note presents a novel method for determining the changing composition of a multi-component NAPL body dissolving into moving groundwater, and the consequent changes in the aqueous phase solute concentrations in the surrounding pore water. A canonical system of coupled non-linear governing equations is derived which is suitable for representation of both pooled and residual configurations, and this is solved. Whereas previous authors have handled such problems numerically, it is shown that these governing equations succumb to analytical solution. By a suitable substitution, the equations become decoupled, and the problem collapses to a single first-order equation. The final result is expressed implicitly, with time as a function of the number of moles of the least soluble component, m₁. The number of moles of each other component is expressed explicitly in terms of m₁. It is shown that the time-m₁ relationship has a well behaved inverse. An example is given in which the analytic solution is verified against traditional finite difference analysis, and its computational efficiency is shown.     

新型磁栅式引张线仪

详细介绍了新型磁栅式引张线仪的原理、基本结构和系统组成，并对仪器的误差进行了初步的分析。陆水大坝的试验结果证明，该仪器可以满足规范要求。     

BP神经网络识别塔北低阻油气层

简要介绍了塔北低阻油气层岩性剖面、低阻油气层地球物理测井曲线特征,分析了塔北地区低阻油气储层成因,重点论述BP人工神经网络识别油气层、油水同层、水层和干层的方法原理。识别实例表明,BP人工神经网络识别低阻油(气)、水层的结果与实际相符,明显地提高了测井的解释精度。     

P.S测井技术的工程应用

P．S测井技术是地震勘探方法之一，也是一种简便、快速、准确的原位测试技术。通过P．S测井可测定岩土体的弹性波速（Vp、Vs)，为工程设计提供所需的动弹性力学参数、划分建筑物场地类别、评价地震效应、进行场地地震反应分析和地震破坏潜势分析等。文中简述了P．S测井技术的工作原理、现场实测技术以及数据处理和资料分析过程。最后结合两个实例说明了P．S测井技术在岩土工程勘察过程中的应用及其效果。     

柴达木盆地第四纪古气候变化在物理测井自然伽玛曲线上的记录

利用物理测井曲线分析古气候变化，是近年发展起来的新领域。本文在对取芯井涩中6井多种气候指标分析的基础上，建立了涩中6井GR曲线古气候反演模式，将该模式引进到盆地东部唯一贯穿第四纪的钻孔---达参1井，利用该井高分辨率自然伽玛曲线建立了盆地东部地区2.85Ma以来的时间标尺，据此讨论盆地东部地区2.85Ma以来的古气候变化，表明盆地气候变化在大阶段上明显受到天文轨道周期的控制，但也具有明显的区域性特征。此外还与盆地西部大浪滩ZK-336孔进行了对比。表明柴达木盆地同时包含了高原隆升与全球性气候变化的信息，是古环境变迁的良好的信息载体。也证明了自然伽玛曲线是反映内陆干旱盆地气候与环境变化良好的代用指标。     

多种方法确定单井中的地层重复——以吐鲁番—哈密盆地鄯科1井三叠系为例

鄯科 1井是吐鲁番—哈密盆地台北凹陷首次钻穿三叠系的一口科学探索井 ,并首次在三叠系发现轻质油流。文内以鄯科 1井为例 ,运用孢粉组合、岩性组合、地震剖面、倾角测井、无机元素、地球化学等多种方法从不同侧面分析了鄯科 1井三叠系内部地层重复的现象 ,这些方法有机的结合和相互的补充打破了单一方法进行地层划分的旧模式 ,初步进行了多方法交互使用进行地质分层的尝试 ,从而有效地消除了地层划分与对比中的多解性 ,使地层划分更可靠 ,相信这些方法的交互使用在其他地区和单井的地层划分对比中也同样有较好的使用价值     

测井多媒体数据库的实现

建立了测井多媒体数据库,论述了数据库的实现方法及动态复杂查询的实现,为进行测井数据查询提供了简便高效的途径。     

Malaria and related environmental issues in India: a case study of Aligarh city

Malaria is one of the most widespread diseases in the world. Endemic malaria no longer occurs in many temperate zones as a result of social and economic improvement. At present malaria is the Third World's most dreaded killer. It kills over 1 million people and causes 300–500 million episodes of illness. In India, malaria-reported deaths have shown an upward trend. In 1955, a drive to eradicate malaria was launched in India. But after initial success it failed and malaria made a comeback. Malarial mosquitoes generally prefer unpolluted natural breeding sites but now they have adapted to the changed urban environment. In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the occurrence of malaria and related environmental issues in a small town of India. Aligarh city, lying in the shadow of the country's capital New Delhi, was selected as a case study. Data were collected mainly from household surveys with the help of questionnaire interviews. About 2,185 households belonging to different income groups were sampled. The differences in the occurrence of malaria in the different income households (in 87% low, 69% lower-middle, 65% middle, 14% upper-middle, and 5% upper) suggest that most of these differences are related to the environmental conditions existing inside and outside their homes, such as poor drainage system, poor sullage disposal, open blocked drains, waterlogging and indoor water storage in open containers. Commitment both by the Government and local residents is needed to improve the environmental conditions and eradicate malaria.