5@5 – a 5 GeV energy threshold array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes at 5 km altitude

We discuss the concept and the performance of a powerful future ground-based astronomical instrument, 5@5 – a 5 GeV energy threshold stereoscopic array of several large imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) installed at a very high mountain elevation of about 5 km a.s.l. – for the study of the γ-ray sky at energies from approximately 5 to 100 GeV, where the capabilities of both the current space-based and ground-based γ-ray projects are quite limited. With its potential to detect the “standard” EGRET γ-ray sources with spectra extending beyond several GeV in exposure times from 1 to 10³ s, such a detector may serve as an ideal “gamma-ray timing explorer” for the study of transient non-thermal phenomena like γ-radiation from AGN jets, synchrotron flares of microquasars, the high energy (GeV) counterparts of gamma ray bursts, etc. 5@5 also would allow detailed γ-ray spectroscopy of persistent nonthermal sources like pulsars, supernova remnants, plerions, radiogalaxies, and others, with unprecedented for γ-ray astronomy photon statistics. The existing technological achievements in the design and construction of multi(1000)-pixel, high resolution imagers, as well as of large, 20 m diameter class multi-mirror dishes with rather modest optical requirements, would allow the construction of such a detector in the foreseeable future, although in the longer terms from the point of view of ongoing projects of 100 GeV threshold IACT arrays like HESS which is in the build-up phase. An ideal site for such an instrument could be a high-altitude, 5 km a.s.l. or more, flat area with a linear scale of about 100 m in a very arid mountain region in the Atacama desert of Northern Chile.     

Spatial and temporal mapping of water in soil by magnetic resonance imaging

Experiments on model and real soil blocks designed to assess the feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging for three-dimensional mapping of the time-varying spatial distribution of water in structured soils are reported. The results show that, notwithstanding inherent problems in imaging natural soils with a significant iron content, experimental parameters can be identified which allow satisfactory images to be obtained. Magnetic resonance imaging may therefore provide important information on soil structure and water movement in dual porosity soils, with attendant benefits for the calibration of models of non-Darcian flow in such soils.     

CLEAN算法在天文图像空域重建中的应用

将CLEAN算法用于天文图像空域重建方法 :迭代位移叠加法中的消卷积过程 ,由于它同样是在空间域中进行的迭代减法过程 ,避免了必须把图像变换到傅里叶空间频率域中 ,然后用除法消卷积的传统做法 ,因而满足了仅在空间域中重建目标像的需要 ,使迭代位移叠加法更加简捷。用该方法对天文目标进行的观测实验得到了很好的像复原结果。     

Research on model testing of a new ultrasonic multi-wave detecting method

The traditional crack exploring method with echo （reflected wave） in metals is called the ＂single-wave detecting method＂ that uses a probe of single weight. This method is not able to detect directly the size and shape of the crack and the result can only be obtained by relative comparison, that is to compare the echo amplitudes of the unknown quantity （crack） with the known quantity （regular artificial crack） to determine the equivalent size and shape of a certain crack.     

EH4电导率成像系统在水电隧洞工程地质灾害预报中的应用

EH4电导率成像系统在复杂地质条件下对构造、岩溶等不良地质现象的工程勘测，具有勘探深度大与分辨率高的特点，从而为水电隧洞工程勘察和评价提供了有效手段及依据。通过在吉沙水电站引水隧洞工程勘测中对地质灾害准确预报的实例说明，该系统是在特殊景观条件下先进的工程地质勘探手段。     

昆明气温骤降与感冒发病率相关性研究

研究昆明气温骤降与感冒发病率的相关关系,对预防感冒具有一定意义。应用概率统计方法,讨论了季节性极端天气条件与感冒的关系。通过对感冒与冷空气活动过程的分析,找出了冬半年中容易引发感冒的气象因子。得出的结果表明,极端天气条件作为气候应激因子与感冒发病有密切关系。     

改进的拟合算法在海面辐射校正中的应用

应用机载成像光谱仪采集的海面红外波段遥感数据,分析了传感器对海面的观测角度、大气效应和地物的非朗伯特性理论。在此基础上,针对数据中存在的辐射量畸变,在沿扫描线方向上,认为传感器接收到的辐射强度并不严格满足余弦变化规律,并对视向角给出了一种改进的拟合算法。根据此算法,对数据进行了辐射校正处理并对结果进行了分析。在实际应用中,建立了相应校正模型及其软件模块,取得了良好的图像处理效果。     

Strombolian explosive styles and source conditions: insights from thermal (FLIR) video

Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) cameras offer a unique view of explosive volcanism by providing an image of calibrated temperatures. In this study, 344 eruptive events at Stromboli volcano, Italy, were imaged in 2001–2004 with a FLIR camera operating at up to 30 Hz. The FLIR was effective at revealing both ash plumes and coarse ballistic scoria, and a wide range of eruption styles was recorded. Eruptions at Stromboli can generally be classified into two groups: Type 1 eruptions, which are dominated by coarse ballistic particles, and Type 2 eruptions, which consist of an optically-thick, ash-rich plume, with (Type 2a) or without (Type 2b) large numbers of ballistic particles. Furthermore, Type 2a plumes exhibited gas thrust velocities (>15 m s⁻¹) while Type 2b plumes were limited to buoyant velocities (<15 m s⁻¹) above the crater rim. A given vent would normally maintain a particular gross eruption style (Type 1 vs. 2) for days to weeks, indicating stability of the uppermost conduit on these timescales. Velocities at the crater rim had a range of 3–101 m s⁻¹, with an overall mean value of 24 m s⁻¹. Mean crater rim velocities by eruption style were: Type 1 = 34 m s⁻¹, Type 2a = 31 m s⁻¹, Type 2b = 7 m s⁻¹. Eruption durations had a range of 6–41 s, with a mean of 15 s, similar among eruption styles. The ash in Type 2 eruptions originates from either backfilled material (crater wall slumping or ejecta rollback) or rheological changes in the uppermost magma column. Type 2a and 2b behaviors are shown to be a function of the overpressure of the bursting slug. In general, our imaging data support a broadening of the current paradigm for strombolian behavior, incorporating an uppermost conduit that can be more variable than is commonly considered.     

玄武岩内非均质性对地震资料的影响:印度德干圈闭的一个研究实例

Hydrocarbon exploration interests have renewed the need for developing new sub basalt imaging techniques. One of the most important problems encountered today is seismic imaging below basalt. In recent years, this problem appears to have been overcome partly by using long offset seismic data. However near offset data are yet to be fully utilised due to the complex waveform caused by the surface as well as internal heterogeneity of the basalts. The near normal incidence data, which influence the sub-basalt imaging, are highly useful to understand the internal structure within a basalt layer. The use of converted waves for such targets has been proposed as an alternative in a rather homogeneous basalt layer. With a few synthetic modelling exercises here we highlight the practical difficulties in dealing with more realistic and heterogeneous basalt flow. Full waveform seismograms are computed to understand the effects of intra-trappean sediments on the seismic data. A case study from the Deccan Traps of India is presented in this paper. First, we discuss the effects of intercalated sediments on the overall seismic image. Later, the sonic log data from the field are used to compute the full wave-field response using the reflectivity method and compared with the field data. The feasibility of using mode converted waves （P to S and vice-versa at the top and bottom basalt interfaces） for sub-basalt imaging in Kutch region is discussed through a series of velocity-depth profiles. By comparing with the field data we demonstrate that the effects of multiple thin layering within the basalt can strongly deteriorate the image we seek to interpret and exploit.