双程声波方程逆时深度偏移

从双程声波方程出发,在交错网格空间中推导了地震波逆时延拓的高阶有限差分算子,依据最佳匹配层(PML)的方程分裂思路,得到了一阶声波方程的PML边界条件及其高阶差分格式,采用零时间成像条件和上行、下行波场互相关成像条件,实现了声波方程的叠后与叠前逆时深度偏移。逆时偏移对sigsbee_2b模型理论数据的偏移成像得到了满意效果。     

雷达影像几何构像距离-共面方程

几何构像方程是遥感影像摄影测量最基本最重要的公式,简洁性和严密性是其能得到广泛应用的必要条件。本文分析了姿态对侧视雷达影像成像的影响,以传感器位置和姿态(外方位元素)作为定向参数,根据侧视雷达成像的距离和波束中心共面(Range-Coplanarity,R-Cp)条件构建了一种简洁严密的几何构像方程。该方程考虑了姿态参数对雷达影像严密定位的影响,反映了侧视雷达遥感影像的成像几何原理,避开了复杂的成像参数,实现了雷达影像与光学影像严密构像模型定向参数的统一。定位试验精度优于LeberlF模型和KonecnyG模型。该方程的特点表明其在侧视雷达遥感影像的摄影测量领域中有着一定的应用潜力。     

一种面向成像任务规划的光学遥感卫星成像窗口快速预报方法

针对光学卫星任务调度系统对成像时间窗口预报算法精度和复杂度的需求,提出了一种顾及J2长期项摄动的光学遥感卫星成像窗口预报算法。使用"特征圆锥"判断是否满足成像条件,将成像条件方程改写为关于偏近地点角的超越方程;采用基于"目标纬圈"的初值选择方法和星下点轨迹周期性漂移的初值过滤方法,保证了条件方程的可解。实验结果表明,此算法能在降低计算量的同时保证预报算法的精度。     

Stereoscopic imaging of the hydroxyl emissive layer at low latitudes

The hydroxyl nightglow layer is an excellent tracer of the dynamical processes occurring within the mesosphere. A new stereo-imaging method is applied that not only measures the altitude of the airglow layer but also provides a three-dimensional map of the OH-layer centroid heights. A campaign was conducted in July 2006 in Peru to obtain NIR images of the OH nightglow layer which were simultaneously taken for two sites separated by 645 km: Cerro Cosmos (12°09′08.2″S, 75°33′49.3″W, altitude 4630 m) and Cerro Verde Tellolo (16°33′17.6″S, 71°39′59.4″W, altitude 2330 m). Data represented by pairs of images obtained during the nights of July 26-27 and 28-29 are analyzed to yield satellite-type views of the wave field. These are obtained by application of an inversion algorithm. In calculating the normalized cross-correlation parameter for the intensity, three-dimensional maps of the OH nightglow layer surface are retrieved. The mean altitude of the emission profile barycenter is found to be at 87.1 km on July 26 and 89.5 km on July 28. In these two cases the horizontal wavelengths determined are 21.1 and 24.6 km with periods of 18 and 34 min, respectively. A panoramic view of the OH nightglow emission obtained on July 29 at 8 h51-9 h26 UT is presented, in which the overall direction of the waves is found to be N-NW to S-SE, azimuth 150°-330° (counted from South). The wave kinetic energy density at the OH nightglow layer altitude is 3.9×10⁻⁴ W/kg, which is comparable to the values derived from partial reflection radiowave data.     

Wave‐equation migration velocity analysis with time‐shift imaging

Wave‐equation migration velocity analysis is a technique designed to extract and update velocity information from migrated images. The velocity model is updated through the process of optimizing the coherence of images migrated with the known background velocity model. The capacity for handling multi‐pathing of the technique makes it appropriate in complex subsurface regions characterized by strong velocity variation. Wave‐equation migration velocity analysis operates by establishing a linear relation between a slowness perturbation and a corresponding image perturbation. The linear relationship and the corresponding linearized operator are derived from conventional extrapolation operators and the linearized operator inherits the main properties of frequency‐domain wavefield extrapolation. A key step in the implementation is to design an appropriate procedure for constructing an image perturbation relative to a reference image that represents the difference between the current image and a true, or more correct image of the subsurface geology. The target of the inversion is to minimize such an image perturbation by optimizing the velocity model. Using time‐shift common‐image gathers, one can characterize the imperfections of migrated images by defining the focusing error as the shift of the focus of reflections along the time‐shift axis. The focusing error is then transformed into an image perturbation by focusing analysis under the linear approximation. As the focusing error is caused by the incorrect velocity model, the resulting image perturbation can be considered as a mapping of the velocity model error in the image space. Such an approach for constructing the image perturbation is computationally efficient and simple to implement. The technique also provides a new alternative for using focusing information in wavefield‐based velocity model building. Synthetic examples demonstrate the successful application of our method to a layered model and a subsalt velocity update problem.     

True amplitude imaging by inverse generalized Radon transform based on Gaussian beam decomposition of the acoustic Green's function

True amplitude migration is one of the most important procedures of seismic data processing. As a rule it is based on the decomposition of the velocity model of the medium into a known macrovelocity component and its sharp local perturbations to be determined. Under this decomposition the wavefield can be considered as the superposition of an incident and reflected/scattered waves. The single scattering approximation introduces the linear integral operator that connects the sharp local perturbations of the macrovelocity model with the multishot/multioffset data formed from reflected/scattered waves. We develop the pseudoinverse of this operator using the Gaussian beam based decomposition of acoustic Green's functions. The computation of this pseudoinverse operator is done pointwise by shooting Gaussian beams from the target area towards the acquisition system. The numerical implementation of the pseudoinverse operator was applied to the synthetic data Sigsbee2A. The results obtained demonstrate the high quality of the true amplitude images computed both in the smooth part of the model and under the salt body.     

State dynamics of a double sandbar system

A 9.3-year dataset of low-tide time-exposure images from Surfers Paradise, Northern Gold Coast, Australia was used to characterise the state dynamics of a double sandbar system. The morphology of the nearshore sandbars was described by means of the sequential bar state classification scheme of Wright and Short [1984. Morphodynamic variability of surf zones and beaches: a synthesis. Marine Geology 56, 93-118]. Besides the two end members (the dissipative (D) and the reflective (R) states) and the four intermediate states (longshore bar and trough (LBT), rhythmic bar and beach (RBB), transverse bar and rip (TBR) and low tide terrace (LTT)), we identified two additional intermediate bar states. The erosive transverse bar and rip (eTBR) state related to the dominant oblique angle of wave incidence at the study site and the rhythmic low tide terrace (rLTT) related to the multiple bar setting. Using the alongshore barline variability and alongshore trough continuity as morphological indicators enabled the objective classification of the inner and outer bar states from the images. The outer bar was mostly in the TBR state and generally advanced sequentially through the states LBT-RBB-TBR-eTBR-LBT, with occasional transitions to the D state. Wave events led to abrupt state transitions of the outer bar, but, in contrast to expectations, did not necessarily correspond to upstate transitions. Instead, upstate (downstate) transitions coincided with angles of wave incidence θ larger (smaller) than 30°. The upstate TBR-eTBR-LBT sequence during high-angle events highlights the role of alongshore currents in bar straightening. The outer bar was found to govern the state of the inner bar to a large extent. Two types of inner bar behaviour were distinguished, based on the outer bar state. For intermediate outer bar states, the alongshore variability of the dominant inner rLTT state (52% in time) mainly related to that of the outer bar, implying some sort of morphological coupling. For dissipative outer bar states, however, the more upstate inner bar frequently separated from the shoreline and persistently developed rip channels as TBR became the most frequent state (60% in time).     

不同路面条件下地震映像勘探效果的对比研究

讨论了地震映像勘探的主要特点,用实例分析了土质路面、沥青路面等不同介质条件下的勘探效果,明确了这一勘探方法的适用条件.     

十二指肠间质瘤的影像学表现与病理对照分析

目的:分析十二指肠间质瘤的CT、MRI表现,旨在提高对十二指肠间质瘤的诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析16例经免疫组化证实的十二指肠间质瘤的CT和MRI表现,其中12例患者行CT检查,4例行MRI检查,将影像学表现与手术病理结果对照.结果:16例患者中,病理诊断交界性或交界性偏低度恶性潜能5例,低度恶性4例,中-高度恶性7例...     

胆囊增大的MRCP和常规MRI诊断

目的：探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）和常规MRI对胆囊增大的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经腹腔镜或外科手术证实的29例胆囊增大病人的临床和影像资料。对每一例患者在术前行MRCP和常规轴面T1WI与T2WI联合检查,将影像诊断与手术所见及病理诊断结果对照,评价术前MRCP和MRI对胆囊增大病因的诊断正确率。结果：①本组增大胆囊的长径范围为8.01～18.13cm（平均11.93cm±3.20）,横径范围为4.12～7.05cm（平均4.59cm±0.91）;②29例胆囊增大的病因诊断如下：与胆道结石相关的良性病变17例（胆总管结石7例、急性与慢性胆囊炎伴胆囊结石4例、胆囊腺肌瘤病和Mirizzi综合征各3例）,低张力胆囊1例,MRCP和MRI的诊断敏感度为83.33%（15/18）,特异度为72.22%（13/18）;由肿瘤性病变引起的胆囊增大11例（胆囊癌1例、肝门胆管癌1例、胆总管癌5例及壶腹周围癌4例）,MRCP和MRI的诊断敏感度为90.90%（10/11）,特异度为81.81%（9/11）。结论：胆囊增大可由良、恶性胆囊疾病与肝外胆管梗阻性病变引起,MRCP和常规MRI联合检查有助于明确病因诊断。