地震动入射角度对地下结构地震响应的影响

考虑土-结构接触面效应和场地初始静应力影响,基于大型商用有限元软件ANSYS和粘弹性人工边界条件,采用动力松弛法的分析思路,建立了一种地震动斜入射条件下地下结构的接触非线性动力反应分析模型和方法,并讨论了地震动入射角度对地下结构动力反应的影响。结果表明：地震波斜入射使得结构的整体反应发生明显变化;随着入射角度的增加,节点的水平向应力反应明显增大,竖向应力峰值较小,增大程度也相对较小;节点的位移峰值随输入加速度峰值的增大也有一定的变化。因此,在分析近源地震作用下的地下结构动力响应时,需要考虑地震动的非一致输入问题。     

The manufacture of a three-dimensional transducer used in laboratory

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2016年2月11日新疆新源5.0级地震发震构造及房屋震害特点

2016年2月11日新疆新源县发生MS5.0地震,极震区烈度为Ⅵ度。综合现场调查及地震等震线分布情况,初步判定本次地震的发震构造为阿吾拉勒山南缘断裂。对灾区乡镇的房屋进行调查,发现部分土木结构房屋未进行过抗震设计,在本次地震中破坏较为严重;部分砖木结构房屋地基未按照规范施工,在震动荷载作用下出现不均匀沉降,致使房屋墙体被拉裂、倾斜。数月前灾区发生过强降雨、冻融灾害,加之多次地震灾害叠加,造成本次地震房屋破坏率高、房屋破坏程度重。     

煤矿井下高分辨率地震探测技术

通过井巷波场分析,提出了矿井高分辨率地震反射技术针对性的施工方法和处理手段。并结合龙口矿区、新集矿区两个应用实例,证实了矿井巷道浅层地震技术的可行性。该技术适用于在多煤层、急倾斜煤层开采矿区,井下探测隔水层厚度、下组煤构造、奥灰界面、上部充水砂岩界面等。      

陆域冻土区地震探测信号提取技术——以青海哈拉湖地区为例

青海哈拉湖地区的陆域冻土区天然气水合物,其埋藏深度较浅,地震有效信号往往被干扰波淹没,如何从复杂的地震波场里有效提取出与地层、水合物有关的地震反射信号是开展地震资料精细解释和天然气水合物预测工作的前提.为此,详细分析青海哈拉湖地区地震探测原始数据,总结该地区干扰噪声的类型及特点,制定地震信号提取流程,并在叠前道集上逐步采用有针对性的噪声衰减、振幅补偿、反褶积以及叠加等处理技术,压制各类干扰信息,最大程度地保留有效反射信号,提高地震资料的分辨率、信噪比和保真度,更好地为地震资料解释和有利储层预测服务.     

邛崃山生态环境及生物多样性遥感监测评价

为了解邛崃山生态保护红线区生态环境及生物多样性维护状况,利用卫星遥感和地形数据,运用主成分分析法,建立遥感生态指数和生物多样性维护功能指数模型,对邛崃山生态保护红线区2000~2019年生态环境状况和生物多样性状况开展监测评估。结果表明：就遥感生态指数而言,近20a区域平均值为0.642~0.680,红线区南部多为高值区,北部多为低值区,评价等级为优的区域面积呈明显上升趋势,东北部及西南部的低值区略有扩大,呈弱恶化趋势;就生物多样性维护功能指数而言,近20a区域平均值为0.482~0.522,红线区南部多为高值区,北部多为低值区,多样性功能整体表现为缓慢增强,其中功能评价等级为强的区域面积呈显著增长趋势,而东北部功能等级改善效果不明显;邛崃山生态保护红线区生态环境状况整体较好,南部优于北部,生态环境状况和生物多样性大部分区域有所提升,小部分区域有所下降。     

Distribution of Palaeozoic tectonic superimposed unconformities in the Tarim Basin,NW China: significance for the evolution of palaeogeomorphology and sedimentary response

Seismic and drilling well data were used to examine the occurrence of multiple stratigraphic unconformities in the Tarim Basin, NW China. The Early Cambrian, the Late Ordovician and the late Middle Devonian unconformities constitute three important tectonic sequence boundaries within the Palaeozoic succession. In the Tazhong, Tabei, Tadong uplifts and the southwestern Tarim palaeo‐uplift, unconformities obviously belong to superimposed unconformities. A superimposed unconformity is formed by superimposition of unconformities of multiple periods. Areas where superimposed unconformities develop are shown as composite belts of multiple tectonic unconformities, and as higher uplift areas of palaeo‐uplifts in palaeogeomorphologic units. The contact relationship of unconformities in the lower uplift areas is indicative of truncation‐overlap. A slope belt is located below the uplift areas, and the main and secondary unconformities are characterized by local onlap reflection on seismic profiles. The regional dynamics controlled the palaeotectonic setting of the Palaeozoic rocks in the Tarim Basin and the origin and evolution of the basin constrained deposition. From the Sinian to the Cambrian, the Tarim landmass and its surrounding areas belonged to an extensional tectonic setting. Since the Late Ordovician, the neighbouring north Kunlun Ocean and Altyn Ocean was transformed from a spreading ocean basin to a closed compressional setting. The maximum compression was attained in the Late Ordovician. The formation of a tectonic palaeogeomorphologic evolution succession from a cratonic margin aulacogen depression to a peripheral foreland basin in the Early Caledonian cycle controlled the deposition of platform, platform margin, and deep‐water basin. Tectonic uplift during the Late Ordovician resulted in a shallower basin which was followed by substantial erosion. Subsequently, a cratonic depression and peripheral or back‐arc foreland basin began their development in the Silurian to Early–Middle Devonian interval. In this period, the Tabei Uplift, the Northern Depression and the southern Tarim palaeo‐uplift showed obvious control on depositional systems, including onshore slope, shelf and deep‐water basin. The southern Tarim Plate was in a continuous continental compressional setting after collision, whereas the southern Tianshan Ocean began to close in the Early Ordovician and was completely closed by the Middle Devonian. At the same time, further compression from peripheral tectonic units in the eastern and southern parts of the Tarim Basin led to the expansion of palaeo‐uplift in the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous interval, and the connection of the Tabei Uplift and Tadong Uplift, thus controlling onshore, fluvial delta, clastic coast, lagoon‐bay and shallow marine deposition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国西北夏季降水特征及其异常研究

本文利用中国西北五省（区）90个测站，1960～1990历年6～8月降水量资料，采用EOF、REOF、波谱分析及大气环流模式，对夏季降水量的空间异常特征、时间变化规律以及降水异常的主要成因进行了诊断研究和数值试验。结果表明:未旋转的前3个载荷向量场可以较好地反映西北夏季降水整体异常结构，即全区一致的多雨或少雨型；东西相反变化的东多（少）西少（多）型；南北相反变化的南多（少）北少（多）型。旋转后的前6个载荷向量可较好地代表西北夏季降水的6个主要异常敏感区:青藏高原东侧区、渭水流域区、青海高原区、北疆区、沙漠盆地区和河西走廊区。旋转主分量和代表站资料反映出近30～60年中，西北地区最干旱的时段在60至70年代。80年代至90年代初，除沙漠盆地外，各区程度不同地呈现出降水增加趋势。当初夏（6月）青藏高原下垫面感热异常偏强时，有利于同期西北大部地区降水偏多，而使7～8月西北西部、北部降水偏少；东部、南部降水偏多。利用IAP 2-L AGCM数值试验表明，在夏季青藏高原下垫面感热大面积异常增强时，由于西太平洋副热带高压脊明显西伸，江淮处于副高西伸脊控制下，冷暖气流在长江和黄河上游交绥，有利于中国西北东南部降水偏多，多雨区在青海东南、甘肃南部及陕西东部。少雨中心区在西北地区西部。     

城市活动断层探测中的浅层地震勘探数据库建设——以石嘴山市活动断层探测为例

浅层人工地震勘探是城市活断层探测工程中的重要部分。浅层地震勘探数据库记录测点位置、测线分布图、断点位置等详细信息。本文以宁夏石嘴山市活动断层探测为例,重点介绍了针对石嘴山市内四条隐伏断裂所布设的33条浅层地震勘探测线数据库建设的数据库模型、技术方法、操作技巧及注意事项,为城市活断层探测中基于 ArcGIS等平台系统建立浅层地震勘探数据库提供借鉴。