观光型旅游地游客动机、交往意愿和体验质量之关系——以世界自然遗产地三清山为例

随着旅游业的发展,旅游情境下的主客交往方式愈发多元和复杂。现阶段旅游地主客交往的研究较多关注当地居民,而从游客视角深入研究旅游动机、主客交往意愿和旅游体验的相互影响机制较少。本文选取世界自然遗产地三清山为案例地,以实地问卷调查数据为基础,从主客交往意愿角度切入,构建了观光型旅游地游客视角的MCE(动机—交往意愿—体验质量)模型,并运用多群组的结构方程模型进行恒等性检验。结果表明：①三清山游客的旅游动机可以划分为体验生活、刺激/冒险、放松/逃避和社交/求知4种类型,主客交往意愿则划分为适度交往和密切交往2种维度;②体验生活、放松/逃避和社交/求知动机对适度交往意愿存在显著影响,刺激/冒险、放松/逃避动机和社交/求知动机对密切交往意愿存在显著影响;③密切交往意愿比适度交往意愿更能影响游客的旅游体验质量;④分别对三清山男女样本进行多群组分析,因素恒等性检验显示模型具有跨样本的稳定性。     

太行-五台山区不同时代花岗岩类岩石学和地球化学的特征对比及陆壳演化

通过对太行－五台山区太古宙、元古宙和中生代等不同时代的花岗岩类岩石学和地球化学特征的对比，并将晚太古时期花岗岩类同国内外同时期花岗岩类进行对比，确定了本区晚太古时期花岗岩类岩石组合为英云闪长岩－奥长花岗岩－花岗闪长岩或英云闪长岩－奥长花岗岩－花岗闪长岩－花岗岩，并以奥长花岗岩演化趋势为主，叠加了部分钙碱性演化；而元古宙、中生代花岗岩类岩石组合则主要为花岗闪长岩－花岗岩或花岗岩，以钙碱性演化趋势为特征。可以认为晚太古时期的太行－五台山区正处于陆壳演化的初始阶段和成熟阶段之间的过渡性阶段。     

太行山中北段拆离带型金矿的成矿作用研究

阜平、赞皇隆起是太行山区中新生代伸展体制控制的变质核杂质，变质核杂岩的强烈隆升和东、西两邻断陷的大幅度沉降，在变质杂岩核的外围形成长期活动的正向拆离滑脱带。金很容易在拆离滑脱带中迁移，聚集成矿，为此，本文依据已有研究成果及找矿实践提出，在太行山中北段应注意寻找拆离滑脱带型金矿。     

Crystallization of microlites during magma ascent: the fluid mechanics of 1980–1986 eruptions at Mount St Helens

Eruptions of Mount St Helens (Washington, USA) decreased in intensity and explosivity after the main May 18, 1980 eruption. As the post-May 18 eruptions progressed, albitic plagioclase microlites began to appear in the matrix glass, although the bulk composition of erupted products, the phenocryst compositions and magmatic temperatures remained fairly constant. Equilibrium experiments on a Mount St Helens white pumice show that at 160 MPa water pressure and 900°C, conditions deduced for the 8 km deep magma storage zone, the stable plagioclase is An₄₇. The microlites in the natural samples, which are more albitic, had to grow at lower water pressures during ascent. Isothermal decompression experiments reported here demonstrate that a decrease in water pressure from 160 to 2 MPa over four to eight days is capable of producing the albitic groundmass plagioclase and evolved melt compositions observed in post-May 18 1980 dacites. Because groundmass crystallization occurs over a period of days during and after decreases in pressure, microlite crystallization in the Mount St Helens dacites must have occurred during the ascent of each magma batch from a deep reservoir rather than continuously in a shallow holding chamber. This is consistent with data on the kinetics of amphibole breakdown, which require that a significant portion of magma vented in each eruption ascended from a depth of at least 6.5 km (160 MPa water pressure) in a matter of days. The size and shape of the microlite population have not been studied because of the small size of the experimental samples; it is possible that the texture continues to mature long after chemical equilibrium is approached. As the temperature, composition, crystal content and water content of magma in the deep reservoir remained approximately constant from May 1980 to at least March 1982, the spectacular decrease in eruption intensity during this period cannot be attributed to changes in viscosity or density of the magma. Simple fluld mechanical considerations indicate, however, that the observed changes in mass flux of magma can be modelled by a five-fold decrease in conduit radius from 35 to 7 m, produced perhaps by plating of magma along the conduit walls. The decreased ascent rates which accompanied the decrease in conduit radius can explain the change from closed-system to open-system degassing and the shift from explosive to effusive eruptions during 1980.     

航磁资料在澳大利亚昆士兰州艾萨山选区成矿预测中的应用

高精度航磁测量相对简单,获得的信息丰富,是开展大面积成矿预测的有利工具。澳大利亚艾萨山选区地质资料较少,地面物探工作开展较难。利用高精度航磁资料,对该地区航磁数据进行了处理与解释,推断出断裂构造及岩体分布。结合区域成矿地质、构造环境和金属矿床时空分布特点,识别出成矿有利地区的航磁异常特征,划分了有利航磁异常分布带。在航磁有利异常分布图的基础上,结合矿床、矿点位置情况,进一步圈定出成矿远景区,为该地区成矿预测工作提供了依据。     

渤海湾盆地西部保定凹陷构造-地层层序与盆地演化

保定凹陷位于渤海湾盆地内冀中坳陷的西部, 西侧以太行山山前断层为界与太行山隆起相隔.凹陷内构造-地层层序的划分, 对研究其构造演化和油气勘探有着重要的意义, 对探讨太行山山前断层的发育特征也有一定的帮助.按照井、震结合的思路, 利用最新的钻井和地震资料, 并结合周缘的地质填图成果, 建立了保定凹陷的地层系统; 根据区域性不整合面的发育特征, 对保定凹陷构造-地层层序进行了划分; 利用平衡剖面技术, 分析了保定凹陷的构造演化.研究发现, 保定凹陷内发育了古近系孔店组底部和新近系馆陶组底部两个区域性角度不整合面, 据此将保定凹陷在纵向上划分为3个构造层: 基底构造层、断陷期构造层和拗陷期构造层.保定凹陷的形成演化经历了基底形成、古近纪断陷、渐新世末反转和新近纪-第四纪拗陷4个阶段, 其中, 古近纪断陷期又可以分为强烈断陷期、持续断陷期和断陷末期.     

太行山南段洪山岩体中粗面斑岩地球化学特征及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

在详细野外调研的基础上,对位于太行山南段洪山岩体中粗面斑岩的岩石学、地球化学和年代学特征进行了研究。该区斑岩中Si O2含量为63.57%~67.85%,平均为65.19%;里特曼指数σ值为5.6~8.2;K2O/Na2O为1.00~1.74,平均为1.24;A12O3为16.75%~18.77%,平均为18.21%。铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.00~1.06,属于碱性正长岩类岩石。岩石稀土元素总量(∑REE)为33.75×10-6~144.30×10-6,(La/Yb)N=9.18~33.28,呈现轻稀土元素(LREE)富集、重稀土元素(HREE)相对亏损的特点。δEu=0.99~1.16,有微弱正Eu异常。在原始地幔标准化微量元素蜘蛛图解中,样品均显示强烈富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)、相对亏损高场强元素(HFSEs)的特征。同时,在该地区获得的粗面斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为128.6±1.0Ma。锆石εHf(t)值为-16.0~-11.4,对应的地壳模式年龄(TDM)为1258~1432Ma。这些数据表明,洪山粗面斑岩与洪山其他中生代侵入岩是同期岩浆作用的产物,形成于早白垩世由造山挤压环境向伸展环境转变期,是EM1型富集地幔部分熔融形成富碱的岩浆上升侵位,并受古老下地壳物质混染形成的。华北规模庞大的中生代岩浆作用可能与部分熔融并消耗富集岩石圈地幔层有关,这可能也是岩石圈地幔减薄的重要方式之一。     

Seismic image of the Mount Spurr magmatic system

 The three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure of Mount Spurr is determined to depths of 10 km by tomographic inversion of 3,754 first-arriving P-wave times from local earthquakes recorded by a permanent network of 11 seismographs. Results show a prominent low-velocity zone extending from the surface to 3–4 km below sea level beneath the southeastern flank of Crater Peak, spatially coincident with a geothermal system. P-wave velocities in this low-velocity zone are approximately 20% slower than those in the shallow crystalline basement rocks. Beneath Crater Peak an approximately 3-km-wide zone of relative low velocities correlates with a near-vertical band of seismicity, suggestive of a magmatic conduit. No large low-velocity zone indicative of a magma chamber occurs within the upper 10 km of the crust. These observations are consistent with petrologic and geochemical studies suggesting that Crater Peak magmas originate in the lower crust or upper mantle and have a short residence time in the shallow crust. Earthquakes relocated using the three-dimensional velocity structure correlate well with surface geology and other geophysical observations; thus, they provide additional constraints on the kinematics of the Mount Spurr magmatic system. Received: 4 December 1997 / Accepted: 27 February 1998     

大兴安岭北段诺敏大山地区早白垩世侵入岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

笔者等选择大兴安岭北段诺敏大山地区早白垩世侵入岩进行了锆石U- Pb年代学和地球化学研究,探讨该区域侵入岩成因类型、岩浆来源及构造环境。该区侵入岩岩性主要为正长花岗岩、正长花岗斑岩和似斑状正长花岗岩,对其中正长花岗岩样品进行LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb测年表明,正长花岗岩侵位年龄为129. 5±0. 4 Ma,应为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物,结合区内侵入岩与地层相互接触关系,本区侵入岩形成时代为早白垩世。区内侵入岩具有富硅（SiO2= 67. 36%~74. 09%）、富碱（K2O+Na2O= 8. 88%~9. 34%）、高铝（Al2O3= 12. 56%~16. 15%）,低MgO、TiO2、CaO的特点,属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列;铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0. 94~1. 31,为准铝质—过铝质岩石。微量元素富集Rb、U、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Ti、Nb、Sr、P等高场强元素,具有明显的Eu负异常,属于高分异I型花岗岩。岩石Rb/Sr为0. 9~2. 0,Sr/Y为4. 2~7. 2,显示出高Sr、低Y的特点,指示岩浆源区为地壳物质的部分熔融。结合区域研究成果,蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造域在早白垩世之前已结束碰撞,诺敏大山地区早白垩世岩浆活动可能发生在蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山后的伸展环境。