Extremely slow slope movements influencing the stability of Spis Castle,UNESCO site

Spis Castle, a monument included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list (Eastern Slovakia) is built on a travertine mound overlying soft Paleogene rocks. Lateral spreading resulting from the subsidence of strong upper travertine into soft claystone strata has fractured and separated the castle rock into several cliffs. The differential movement of individual cliff faces is the primary influence on the stability of the monument. In order to monitor and quantify the movement, two techniques were adopted: a mechanical-optical TM-71 crack gauge and a demec gauge (demountable mechanical—SOMET type crack gauge). This paper presents the results and interpretation of medium and short-term monitoring at the site.     

EOS/MODIS资料在湖北省林火监测中的应用

介绍了EOS卫星上携带的MODIS传感器的主要特点以及用MODIS资料进行林火监测的原理。根据近年来使用MODIS资料进行林火监测的应用情况,对自动判识火点所需设置的门槛值进行了分析和探索,找到了一种能快速、简便地设置ch21和ch21-ch31门槛值的方法,并通过实例证明该方法在林火监测中是可行的和有效的。     

高分辨率卫星数据在矿山开发状况及环境监测中的应用效果比较

以著名钨矿生产基地———江西省崇义县为实验区,对QUICKBIRD和SPOT-5数据在南方高植被覆盖山区矿产资源开发状况及其引发的环境问题的监测效果和与性能作了系统比较,为类似地区矿山监测时数据源的选择提供参考。     

The High-Resolution Solar Reference Spectrum between 250 and 550 nm and its Application to Measurements with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

We have constructed a new high resolution solar reference spectrum in the spectral range between 250 and 550 nm. The primary use of this spectrum is for the calibration of the Dutch – Finnish Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), but other applications are mentioned. The incentive for deriving a new high resolution solar reference spectrum is that available spectra do not meet our requirements on radiometric accuracy or spectral resolution. In this paper we explain the steps involved in constructing the new spectrum, based on available low and high resolution spectra and discuss the main sources of uncertainty. We compare the result with solar measurements obtained with the OMI as well as with other UV-VIS space-borne spectrometers with a similar spectral resolution. We obtain excellent agreement with the OMI measurements, which indicates that both the newly derived solar reference spectrum and our characterization of the OMI instrument are well understood. We also find good agreement with previously published low resolution spectra. The absolute intensity scale, wavelength calibration and representation of the strength of the Fraunhofer lines have been investigated and optimized to obtain the resulting high resolution solar reference spectrum.     

Discussion on establishing monitoring networks for temperature fields of shallow thermal energy in Shandong,China

In the recent decade, the construction projects related to shallow geothermal energy engineering have undergone rapid development in Shandong Province. The predominant type of these developments and applications was heat exchange through buried tubes and the main targets were residential and office buildings. However, an overwhelming majority of the completed geothermal heat pump projects lacked monitoring devices so that they were unable to comprehensively reflect the background values for the geothermal fields within the province and few researches were conducted on their influence on the geological environment. In this paper, locations for monitoring shallow geothermal energy and their validity of the monitoring point deployment were studied in view of the development and application status as well as geological background conditions of various projects located in multiple cities providing data support for analyzing the fluctuation trend and influence of large-scale shallow geothermal energy applications on the shallow geothermal and the feasibility and parameter designs of newly built systems in Shandong Province in the future.     

Updating Landsat time series of surface-reflectance composites and forest change products with new observations

The use of time series satellite data allows for the temporally dense, systematic, transparent, and synoptic capture of land dynamics over time. Subsequent to the opening of the Landsat archive, several time series approaches for characterizing landscape change have been developed, often representing a particular analytical time window. The information richness and widespread utility of these time series data have created a need to maintain the currency of time series information via the addition of new data, as it becomes available. When an existing time series is temporally extended, it is critical that previously generated change information remains consistent, thereby not altering reported change statistics or science outcomes based on that change information. In this research, we investigate the impacts and implications of adding additional years to an existing 29-year annual Landsat time series for forest change. To do so, we undertook a spatially explicit comparison of the 29 overlapping years of a time series representing 1984–2012, with a time series representing 1984–2016. Surface reflectance values, and presence, year, and type of change were compared. We found that the addition of years to extend the time series had minimal effect on the annual surface reflectance composites, with slight band-specific differences (r ≥ 0.1) in the final years of the original time series being updated. The area of stand replacing disturbances and determination of change year are virtually unchanged for the overlapping period between the two time-series products. Over the overlapping temporal period (1984–2012), the total area of change differs by 0.53%, equating to an annual difference in change area of 0.019%. Overall, the spatial and temporal agreement of the changes detected by both time series was 96%. Further, our findings suggest that the entire pre-existing historic time series does not need to be re-processed during the update process. Critically, given the time series change detection and update approach followed here, science outcomes or reports representing one temporal epoch can be considered stable and will not be altered when a time series is updated with newly available data.     

吉林省地震台网监控能力分析

本文简要介绍了吉林省地震台网布局,监测手段设置及仪器装备状况,重点对测震台网,地震前兆台网的监控能力进行分析,给出了台网和实际控制范围,对目前台网存在的问题以及今后的发展情况进行了讨论。     

顺义4.0级地震前兆异常特征与京区前兆监测网监测能力探讨

通过对北京地区现有定点地震前兆监测网进行清理,分析了现有定点专业前兆监测台站、观测点、群测点的数量及分布密度的现状。对１９９６年１２月１６日北京顺义ＭＳ４．０地震的短临异常特征进行了探讨,表明顺义ＭＳ４．０地震前在震中周围出现一个直径约３５ｋｍ的短临异常密集区域。从异常形态看,该区域中的异常大部分可能带有来自震源的信息。结合顺义地震短临异常点位分布特征,对北京地区前兆台网的密度问题进行了探讨。     

华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地优化初探

首先分析了华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地布测现状及监测效能,继而依据跨断层流动形变测量规范及监测的可控性、均匀性、目的性以及监测场地监测效能等,结合该区域断裂活动及地震活动性研究结果,给出华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地拟优化布设结果。该优化布设结果消除了华北地区跨断层流动形变网监测地震活动盲区,有助于提高该区跨断层流动形变网监测地震活动能力。     

基于遥感技术的开都河下游绿洲区土壤盐渍化动态监测研究

以3期遥感图像为数据源,经图像处理,并结合野外考察,建立解译标志进行遥感解译。结果表明,开都河下游绿洲区的盐渍化土地面积呈先增加后减少趋势,盐渍化程度呈先加重后减轻趋势;盐渍化土壤主要分布在开都河沿岸低洼地和博斯腾湖湖滨地区及其北岸清水沟、曲惠渠、乌什塔拉渠两岸附近;盐渍化的形成与研究区地形地貌、地下水以及干旱的气候条件密切相关,人类农业活动对盐渍化土壤形成具有重要作用。