The principle of coupled stress release model and its application

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Study on the Moment Magnitude of Small and Moderate Earthquakes Located in the Inner Mongolia Region

Based on digital seismic waveform data from Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Network, the source spectrum parameters of 182 small and moderate earthquakes from January, 2009 to September, 2016 are derived, and the seismic moment M₀ and moment magnitude M_W of the earthquakes are calculated. The M_L-M_W relationship and the relationship between stress drop and magnitude are obtained using the linear regression method. It is clear that incorporating the moment magnitude into the seismic quick report catalog and the official earthquake catalog can enrich earthquake observation report content, thus providing better service for earthquake emergency and earthquake scientific research.     

Moment Magnitude and Its Calculation

In this paper, we give a brief introduction to the proposal and development history of the earthquake magnitude concept. Moment magnitude M_W is the best physical quantity for measuring earthquakes. Compared with other magnitude scales used traditionally, moment magnitude is not saturated for all earthquakes, regardless of big and small earthquakes, deep and shallow earthquakes, far field and near field seismic data, geodetic and geological data, moment magnitude can be measured, and can be connected with well-known magnitude scales such as surface wave magnitude M_S. Moment magnitude is a uniform magnitude scale, which is suitable for statistics with wide magnitude range. Moment magnitude is the preferred magnitude selected by the International Seismological community, and it is preferred by the departments responsible for publishing seismic information to the public.Moment magnitude is a uniform magnitude scale, which is suitable for statistics with wide magnitude range. Moment magnitude is a preferred magnitude for international seismology, it is preferred by the agency responsible for providing information about earthquakes to the public. We provide all formulas used in the calculation of moment magnitude, and the calculation steps in detail. We also analyzed some problems and rules to solve these problems by using different formulas and numerical value calculation steps.     

基于EC细网格产品在乌鲁木齐机场低能见度预测中的释用

利用2015—2018年乌鲁木齐机场航空例行天气报告(METAR报)、ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting)细网格数值预报产品对影响能见度的主要因子进行分析,提取与低能见度相关性高的物理量作为预报因子,采用SVM方法,分别基于Poly、RBF核函数建立乌鲁木齐机场未来21 h能见度预报模型。结果表明:(1)基于预报因子区间分类的SVM模型物理意义明确,试验结果较好;以RBF为函数建立的SVM模型(SVM-RBF)预报能力更好,其训练样本预测的TS评分0.84,准确率89.20%。(2)SVM-RBF模型的检验样本中,预报准确样本的预报误差整体偏小;在漏报样本中则有能见度越低、预报误差越大的特点,模型的振荡性明显。(3)结合NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究SVM-RBF模型对天气过程的预报表现,发现模型对于特定天气形势下引发的低能见度天气,预报误差较小且预报提前量较大。     

Density effects on solute release from streambeds

Contaminants that entered the streambed during previous surface water pollution events can be released to the stream, causing secondary pollution of the stream and impacting its eco-environmental condition. By means of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, we investigated density effects on the release of solute from periodic bedforms. The results show that solute release from the upper streambed is driven by bedform-induced convection, and that density effects generally inhibit the solute release from the lower streambed. Density gradients modify the pore water flow patterns and form circulating flows in the area of lower streambed. The formation of circulating flows is affected by density gradients associated with the solute concentration and horizontal pressure gradients induced by stream slope. The circulating flows near the bottom of the streambed enhance mixing of the hyporheic zone and the ambient flow zone.     

山西数字台网震级测定方法研究

震级是表示地震本身大小的一个量度,也是地震的基本参数之一。利用山西数字测震台网2009-2016年ML≥3.5以上宽频带数字地震资料,对近震震级ML、面波震级MS、宽频带面波震级Ms(BB)和矩震级Mw的震级测定方法进行讨论研究和对比,认为新震级标度能发挥宽频带数字地震资料的优越性,有利于资料的交换利用及对外发布。     

声学应答释放器电路部分可靠性分析

声学应答释放器是一种对可靠性要求很高的海洋环境监测设备,文中对国家海洋技术中心研制的声学应答释放器进行了可靠性分析。首先介绍了声学应答释放器的电路构成及功能;然后依据可靠性建模相关理论完成电路部分可靠性模型建立,依据可靠性模型,预计了设备的固有可靠度;最后有针对性地提出改进措施,用于指导声学应答释放器设计,为释放器技术研究提供计算模型与可借鉴的经验。     

基于相对质心震中的地震破裂方向性测定方法研究:以2008年云南盈江MS6.0地震为例

地震破裂方向性参数包含了断层几何形态、破裂长度等信息,对于地震灾害评估、孕震机理研究具有重要意义.但是基于点源近似的震源矩中心张量机制解(CMT)或断层面解(fault plane solution)只能给出两个节面,无法确定破裂断层面.本文提出一种基于质心与起始震中的差异确定发震断层的方法,该方法利用P波到时来测定主震与参考地震间相对起始震中,同时利用波形反演震源机制过程中的主震时移与参考地震时移之差测定相对质心震中,在假定单侧破裂的情形下,根据时移之差随方位角的变化推断破裂断层面.本文使用该方法研究了2008年云南盈江M_S6.0走滑型地震,发现其破裂方向与其他方法结果一致.由于该方法基于相对起始震中和质心震中,可有效削弱速度结构模型不准确以及地震绝对位置误差带来的影响,应可适用于其他类似类型6级左右地震的破裂方向性研究,但仍需进一步工作对其进行验证.     

华北地区地震活动矩加速释放现象的震例研究

通过对华北地区13次Ms5级以上地震在震前不同时间的贝尼奥夫应变释放曲线的特征进行分析,得出大部分中强地震前存在地震矩释放加速现象,同时从空间上分析了应变释放特性与地震的关系,发现很多地震在震前1～2年震中附近区域会出现大范围类椭圆形的低m值区域,这个区域与未来主震的位置有着很好的对应,这为华北地区未来中强地震的危险性判定提供了参考。     

中亚地震目录震级转换及其完整性分析

为编制能够应用于地震危险性分析的中亚地区统一震级标度为矩震级的地震目录,从国际地震中心（ISC）下载得到该地区1907-2012年的地震数据,该数据包含众多机构不同震级标度的地震记录.以MW,GCMT为参考机构震级标度,并用最小二乘法拟合了其他机构震级标度与MW,GCMT之间的转换关系.在挑选某次地震事件的唯一震级记录时,以对应转换关系的相关系数大且剩余标准差小为准则进行筛选.对于少量没有震级转换关系或者拟合优度过差的地震记录,使用间接转换关系或者全球转换关系予以补充转换.震级转换后,用时空窗法删除前余震,并考虑构造环境和地震活动水平的空间差异性将研究区划分成5个子区域.采用地震记录时间累积曲线法、最大曲率法（MAXC）和拟合优度检验法（GFT）综合分析各个分区的最小完整震级（MC）,并在此基础上用极大似然法拟合相应的地震活动性参数.结果表明,每种完整性分析方法各具一定的优缺点,但采用综合分析的方法能够得出最佳的MC.地震记录时间累积曲线法能分析出高质量地震目录的起始时间,以作为后两种方法的基础,但容易受到地震活动水平随时间波动的影响.由于研究区目录质量较差,最大曲率法误差过大以至于只能作为其他方法的补充,拟合优度检验法的GFT参数也普遍只能达到80％左右.GFT最大值点可能并不对应MC,但是MC通常都在GFT极大值点取得.5个分区1964-2012年的MC普遍在Mw4.8左右,b值在1.136-1.514之间波动.