Analysis of gravity source moment inversion. Part II: Usinga priori information about the source

The method of moment inversion, based on the approximation of the gravity anomaly by thetruncated series obtained from its multipole expansion, uses, implicitly,a priori information about the anomalous body. The series truncation imposes a regularizing condition on the equipotential surfaces (produced by the anomalous body), allowing the unique determination of some moments and linear combinations of moments that are the coefficients of the basis functions in the multipole expansion series. These moments define a class of equivalent distributions of mass. The equivalence criterion is based on the misfit between the observations and the field produced by the series truncated at a prefixed maximum order for the moments. The estimates of the moments of the equivalent distribution are shown to compose the stationary solution of a system of first-order linear differential equations for which uniqueness and asymptotic stability are guaranteed. Specifically for the series retaining moments up to second order, the implicita priori information introduced requires that the source have finite volume, be sufficiently distant from the measurement plane and that its spatial distribution of mass present three orthogonal planes of symmetry intersecting at the center of mass. Subject to these hypotheses, it is possible to estimate uniquely and simultaneously the total excess of mass, the position of the center of mass and the directions of the three principal axes of the anomalous body.     

阻氡材料的实验研究

本文通过试验，测定了多种材料的阻氡效果。数据表明，即使采用薄铜片阻氡，也难以达到较好地阻氡外逸的目的。文中指出了阻氡的具体途径和最佳的阻氡材料。     

强震前后广义地震应变释放过程的丛集特征

利用基于小波变换的多重分形奇异谱估计方法,研究了部分强震前后地震活动广义应变.释放过程的多重分形特征。结果表明,晨中区附近- -定范围内地展活动广义应变释放过程具有多重分形特征,但多重分形维数谱随7变化复杂,在强震发生前多重分形维数谱没有明显的变化。广义地震应变释放过程的多重分形奇异谱形态和Hausdorff奇异指数范围能提供更多关于地屣活动过程的信息,特别当η取较大值时Hausdorff奇异指数范围在强晨前明显变窄。研究还表明深源地展和浅源地晨发生前广义应变释放过程多重分形特征存在明显不同。     

华北型煤田矿井岩溶水涌(突)出机理与涌(突)水量预测方法探讨

北方岩溶水系统的形成与相关河流的发育贯通相辅相成。不同的岩溶水系统模式表现出不同的地下水动力学特征,岩溶水径流带控制的岩溶水网络系统是北方岩溶水系统的基本特征。天然状态下,华北型煤田煤层顶板砂岩地下水系统与底板岩溶地下水系统有水力联系的区域,是矿井岩溶水涌(突)出的危险区。煤矿采掘工程打破了煤层顶、底板地下水系统水压力平衡,在压差作用下,承压岩溶水的"压裂"作用对构造煤系发育层段的疏通有着重要作用。承压岩溶水的释放或涌(突)出,是岩溶承压含水层弹性贮存量的释放,岩溶水运动属非稳定流。将断层等线形过水断面概化成环状井(孔)过水断面,则可用定降深非稳定流承压井流方程,预测可能的岩溶水涌(突)水流量及其变化规律。对流量函数Q(t)定积分,则可预测任意延续时间段的涌(突)水量。基于承压岩溶水弹性释放的非稳定流矿井岩溶水涌(突)水量预测方法,突破了岩溶水涌(突)水量无法预测的禁锢,对提升矿井岩溶水防治水平,解放华北型煤田下组煤有积极、重要意义。     

损伤梁单元及其在RC结构构件非线性分析中的应用

本文介绍了一种基于损伤力学、断裂力学以及集中塑性理论建立的简化损伤梁单元模型。采用此单元模型,分析了实验梁在单凋加载下的受力性能,并与材料模型和弹塑性单分量模型分析结果进行比较。算例表明简化损伤粱单元模型对于RC结构构件的非线性分析有良好的适应性,可以有效地模拟构件的开裂、屈服和失效全过程;得到直接从力学意义出发的反映结构损伤的损伤内变量,对结构的损伤评估有启发意义。     

Dating of the Dachang Superlarge Tin-polymetallic Deposit in Guangxi and Its Implication for the Genesis of the No. 100 Orebody

The Dachang superlarge Sn-polymetal deposit in Guangxi, China, is one of the largest tin deposit all over the world. However, this deposit has long been in debate as to its origin. One of the opinions is that the Dachang deposit was formed by replacement of hydrothermal solution originating from Yanshanian granites, and the other is that this deposit was formed by submarine exhalation in the Devonian. This paper presents some new isotopic geochronology data obtained with the 40Ar-39Ar method for quartz and sanidine from massive ore in the No. 91 and No. 100 orebodies. Analytic results show that the No. 91 orebody was formed at 94.52±0.33 Ma (the plateau age obtained with the 40Ar-39Ar method for quartz) or 91.4±2.9 Ma (the plateau age obtained with the 40Ar-39Ar method for feldspar), while the No. 100 orebody was formed at 94.56±0.45 Ma (the plateau age obtained with the 40Ar-39Ar method for quartz), suggesting that both the No. 91 and the No. 100 orebodies were formed at the Late Yanshanian instead o     

岩石失稳破裂的综合刚度和综合能量准则

Cook刚度准则考虑了试验机内弹性应变能释放对岩石试样失稳破裂的影响,基于弹性能指数和冲击能指数的剩余能量法考虑了岩石内贮存的弹性能对岩样失稳破裂的影响。鉴于岩样失稳破裂时试验机和岩石内都有弹性能释放,建议将两者结合,综合考虑试验机和岩石内贮存的弹性能释放对岩样失稳破裂的效应,称之为岩石失稳破裂的综合刚度和综合能量准则,可以更为合理地确定岩石失稳破裂起始点、终止点位置、给出岩石失稳破裂时试验机-岩样系统（或一般岩体系统）的弹性能释放量计算关系,并可以用几何形式表示这些关系。     

Problematic non-double-couple mechanism of the 2002 Amfilochia Mw5 earthquake, Western Greece

Two seismic agencies reported a very low double-couple percentage (DC%) of the Amfilochia earthquake, of about 30% and 60%, by Schweizerischer Erdbebendienst and Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network, respectively. Near-regional waveforms, carefully analyzed in this paper for the DC%, suggested a higher DC%, ranging from 75 to 100, dependent on the uncertainty of the source position (optimum value DC% = 93). Using a statistical F test, forward modeling of the near-regional data with a single-event low-DC% source yields a significantly worse waveform match. The fit of near-regional data can be further improved (although at the 90% significance level only) when considering a speculative two-event model. The same model, when viewed at the very-low frequency range, reaches the very low DC% values. However, two features make the two-event model unlikely: The two subevents strongly differ in their focal mechanism, and their mutual separation (3.5 s) is larger than the expected duration of this earthquake. Therefore, the two-source model appears to be nothing but an interesting equivalent representation of the non-DC model, providing some insight into the possible origin of the apparently low DC%. Preference is given to the simple interpretation, most clearly supported by the near-regional data, that the Amfilochia earthquake was an almost pure-shear event.     

A stochastic approach to nonlinear unconfined flow subject to multiple random fields

In this study, the KLME approach, a moment-equation approach based on the Karhunen–Loeve decomposition developed by Zhang and Lu (Comput Phys 194(2):773–794, 2004), is applied to unconfined flow with multiple random inputs. The log-transformed hydraulic conductivity F, the recharge R, the Dirichlet boundary condition H, and the Neumann boundary condition Q are assumed to be Gaussian random fields with known means and covariance functions. The F, R, H and Q are first decomposed into finite series in terms of Gaussian standard random variables by the Karhunen–Loeve expansion. The hydraulic head h is then represented by a perturbation expansion, and each term in the perturbation expansion is written as the products of unknown coefficients and Gaussian standard random variables obtained from the Karhunen–Loeve expansions. A series of deterministic partial differential equations are derived from the stochastic partial differential equations. The resulting equations for uncorrelated and perfectly correlated cases are developed. The equations can be solved sequentially from low to high order by the finite element method. We examine the accuracy of the KLME approach for the groundwater flow subject to uncorrelated or perfectly correlated random inputs and study the capability of the KLME method for predicting the head variance in the presence of various spatially variable parameters. It is shown that the proposed numerical model gives accurate results at a much smaller computational cost than the Monte Carlo simulation.