基于高应力下花岗岩卸荷试验的力学变形特性研究

进行了高应力条件下卸围压并增大轴压的花岗岩卸荷试验,描述了卸荷过程中岩石渐进破坏的应力-应变曲线和力学参数损伤劣化规律;分析了能较好反映岩石卸荷强度破坏特征的Mogi-Coulomb准则和强度参数变化规律;建立了岩石由压剪破裂逐渐过渡到张剪破坏的渐进演化体系。在此基础上,通过对岩石卸荷破坏起主要作用的横向变形将压剪Mogi-Coulomb准则和拉剪Mogi-Coulomb准则联系起来,建立了描述岩石卸荷渐进破坏的新强度准则。基于上述的卸荷试验成果,结合描述岩石卸荷渐进破坏的应力-应变曲线,在应变空间中推导了考虑岩石力学变形参数损伤劣化效应、横向变形作用、卸荷渐进破裂演化机制的力学本构方程。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部山西组山_2~3亚段砂岩判别图版、砂岩分布规律及成因探讨

勘探实践表明鄂尔多斯盆地东部山西组山32亚段含气性与岩性存在直接关系,石英砂岩储层往往是高产层。因此,寻找石英砂岩储层是该区勘探开发的重点。在岩心刻度测井的基础上,利用测井参数建立了3种类型砂岩的测井判别蛛网图版,并回归了石英相对百分含量与测井参数之间的关系式,利用此关系式对山32亚段砂岩类型进行识别,判识准确率达到80%。同时结合岩石薄片鉴定等资料,绘制了研究区砂岩类型平面分布图。单井结合平面图分析发现研究区存在3个环带状石英砂岩分布区域。从大地构造环境、物源、沉积环境等方面对该区山32亚段石英含量普遍较高和平面环带状分布原因进行了探讨,认为受海退影响的海岸线频繁变迁是形成石英砂岩分布的主要因素。     

减少发展中国家毁林及森林退化排放(REDD)的各方观点及对策建议

减少发展中国家毁林及森林退化的温室气体排放已成为《联合国气候变化框架公约》谈判的重要议题。从该公约的第十一次缔约方大会(COP11)以来,各缔约国就此议题提出了各自的观点,除在方法学等问题上存在争议外,在激励机制和毁林纳入清洁发展机制(CDM)与否上也存在分歧,巴西、中美洲及非洲的发展中国家希望通过基金的方式获得额外的资金和技术支持,而美国、澳大利亚和欧盟等发达国家却更倾向于CDM市场机制。结合中国森林管理方面的现状,分析了中国在此议题上可能受到的影响并提出了谈判的对策建议。     

Kalman filter finite element method applied to dynamic ground motion

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the estimation of dynamic elastic behavior of the ground using the Kalman filter finite element method. In the present paper, as the state equation, the balance of stress equation, the strain–displacement equation and the stress–strain equation are used. For temporal discretization, the Newmark ¼ method is employed, and for the spatial discretization the Galerkin method is applied. The Kalman filter finite element method is a combination of the Kalman filter and the finite element method. The present method is adaptable to estimations not only in time but also in space, as we have confirmed by its application to the Futatsuishi quarry site. The input data are the measured velocity, acceleration, etc., which may include mechanical noise. It has been shown in numerical studies that the estimated velocity, acceleration, etc., at any other spatial and temporal point can be obtained by removing the noise included in the observation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stress integration approach to evaluate damping ratio in torsional tests

The complexity of determining strain associated with shear modulus and damping ratio in torsional tests has been resolved by means of several approaches. The stress integration approach is adequate when generating the plots of equivalent radius ratio versus strain more effectively over any range of strains in resonant column and torsional shear (RC/TS) tests. The stress integration approach was applied for hyperbolic, modified hyperbolic, and Ramberg–Osgood models in evaluating damping ratio. This study showed that using a single value of equivalent radius ratio in evaluating damping ratio is not appropriate. The combined hysteretic‐nonviscous damping model was developed and employed to consider the increased damping behavior at small strains using the stress integration approach. The results suggest that adding viscous behavior has no significant effect strain calculations in RC/TS testing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Calculation of flow distribution in air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field by simplifying air flow model

By simplifying the characters in the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field, the authors used air dynamics and fluid mechanics to calculate the air distribution in the bit and obtained an equation of flow distribution with a unique resolution. This study will provide help for making certain the bit parameters of the bit structure effectively and study the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field character deeply.     

Calculation of flow distribution in air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field by simplifying air flow model

By simplifying the characters in the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field, the authors used air dynamics and fluid mechanics to calculate the air distribution in the bit and obtained an equation of flow distribution with a unique resolution. This study will provide help for making certain the bit parameters of the bit structure effectively and study the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field character deeply.     

下边界条件为水位流量关系的扩散波洪水演算方法研究

经大量的理论分析和实际洪水演算表明,扩散波可较好地反映洪水波的运动特点。本文基于河道下断面的水位流量关系和连续方程的联立求解,导出了水位流量关系型的下边界条件。利用Laplace变换,得到了扩散波方程在该边界条件下的解析解。文中的求解过程表明,可利用该法进行洪水演算,关键在于如何与实际洪水结合,这个问题有待进一步地分析研究。     

常州晾晒气象指数的探讨

确立以日蒸发量来作为描述可晾晒程度的物理量。根据日蒸发量与日最高温度、日平均相对湿度等诸多因子的相关性，进行回归计算，建立其预报方程。通过数轴凝聚,对1998、1999年常州市气象站的逐日蒸发量的变化范围并结合天空状况等因素进行分类，以此作为晾晒指数等级的标准。将方程结果与标准相对照，即可得到次日的晾晒指数等级和相应决策。     

三维F－K域DMO方法及应用效果

在常速情况下，从三维时距方程出发，通过倾角代换，将三维倾角时差分裂为两个正交方向上的二维倾角时差，然后在这两个正交方向上分别做一次二维倾角时差校正，便可达到三维倾角时差校正的目的．应用实例表明这种三维ＤＭＯ分裂方法是切实有效的．