Comparison of amplitude decay rates in reflection,refraction, and local earthquake records

Three types of seismic data recorded near Coalinga, California were analyzed to study the behavior of scattered waves: 1) aftershocks of the May 2, 1983 earthquake, recorded on verticalcomponent seismometers deployed by the USGS; 2) regional refraction profiles using large explosive sources recorded on essentially the same arrays above; 3) three common-midpoint (CMP) reflection surveys recorded with vibrator sources over the same area. Records from each data set were bandpassed filtered into 5 Hz wide passbands (over the range of 1–25 Hz), corrected for geometric spreading, and fit with an exponential model of amplitude decay. Decay rates were expressed in terms of inverse codaQ (Q _c ^–1 ).Q _c ^–1 values for earthquake and refraction data are generally comparable and show a slight decrease with increasing frequency. Decay rates for different source types recorded on proximate receivers show similar results, with one notable exception. One set of aftershocks shows an increase ofQ _c ^–1 with frequency.Where the amplitude decay rates of surface and buried sources are similar, the coda decay results are consistent with other studies suggesting the importance of upper crustal scattering in the formation of coda. Differences in the variation ofQ _c ^–1 with frequency can be correlated with differences in geologic structure near the source region, as revealed by CMP-stacked reflection data. A more detailed assessment of effects such as the depth dependence of scattered contributions to the coda and the role of intrinsic attenuation requires precise control of source-receiver field geometry and the study of synthetic seismic data calculated for velocity models developed from CMP reflection data.     

福建漳州地热田及其邻近地区的地壳深部构造特征

本文根据1985-1986年在福建省穿过漳州热田地区完成的一条NNE向地震折射剖面资料,采用一维与二维射线追踪和理论地震图拟合、反演等方法,获得了该地区比较详细的地壳与上地幔顶部结构及速度分布图像.结果表明:漳州热田地区正好位于一个地壳厚度突变带上,从漳州市往南向海岸方向地壳上隆,厚度只有29.5km,往北迅速加大到32.0 km左右;在这个突变带上地壳内所有速度界面均发生扭曲甚至错动,它可能是一个断裂带;地壳中部有一个横向延伸有限的低速区,其最低速度小于5.80km/s,顶部深度大于10.2km,这个低速区正好位于漳州市下方的地壳突变带上.作者推断它很可能就是漳州热田的壳内热源体,并可能是一个部分熔融体.     

折射波地震勘探中几个问题的探讨

在多年实际工作的基础上，从理论上对工作中的观测系统、资料处理方法、断层、ｔ。闭合等四个方面论述了存在的问题及相应的解决方法。     

Modelling and inversion of single-ended refraction data from the shot gathers of multifold deep seismic reflection profiling—an approach for deriving the shallow velocity structure

A multifold crustal-scale deep seismic near-vertical reflection profile generates a large number of single-ended shot gathers, which provide redundant data sets because of overlapping coverage of the shallow refractors. We present an approach for deriving the shallow velocity structure by modelling and inversion of single-ended seismic refraction first arrival traveltime data. We apply this method to a data set acquired with a 12-km long spread with 100 m spacing of shots and receivers, of the Neoproterozoic Marwar basin in the NW Indian shield. The approach is shown to be quite successful for delineating the shallow refractor depths, steep dips and velocities, even in the absence of regular reverse refraction profiles. The study reveals two-layered sedimentary formations, Malani volcanics and a complicated basement configuration of the Marwar basin, and provides a measure of resolution and uncertainty of the estimated model parameters. A seismic section of the near-trace gather is found to be qualitatively consistent with the derived structural features of the basin. The relative highs and lows, observed in the Bouguer gravity profile, further corroborate the derived velocity model. The present approach can be especially useful in offshore areas and elsewhere, where the single-ended multifold seismic profiles are the only available data sets.     

GPS定位中对流层折射估计研究

本文首先讨论了ＧＰＳ相对定位中的对流层折射２估计的单参数方法，多参数方法，分估线性方法和随机过程方法。论证了其它方法都是随机过程方法的近似。为了用随机过程模拟对流折射，建立了一种最小二乘递推算法。在此基础上，在ＧＡＭＩＴ软件中统一实现了以各种对流层折射估计方法。最后给出并分析了不同方法所获得的结果。     

用地震折射法探测沥青路面的季节融化深度及其变化

试验结果表明,用经过数字化改造后的地震仪测出的路心融化深度,与钻孔测温确定的融化深度相比,其解释误差小于7％。路基和涵洞横剖面的探测结果能反映出融化层变化的主要趋势。不同路堤高度的路基形成的融化横剖面均呈下凹形,而涵洞下形成的融化横剖面则是涵洞中心的融化深度小于两端洞口处的融化深度。因此,地震折射法将为多年冻土地区路基的修筑和稳定性研究提供一种简捷、可靠的探测手段。     

Observations of high co rotational lines in post-AGBs and PN

We present a preliminary interpretation of high CO rotational line data obtained from KAO. The possibility of either a PDR or a shock model is considered in order to explain the observations.