多模态影像技术在临床中的应用进展

自人类进入20世纪后,知识结构呈现信息爆炸征象,各项技术迅速发展。PET、PET/CT、PET/MRI、SPECT、SPECT/CT等仪器、技术得以广泛应用,并在疾病诊治等方面取得重大进展。因疾病发生机制较为复杂,各种模态信息量相对单一及片面,存在其自身局限性,使得即使拥有如此多模态的影像技术,仍无法完全实现对复杂疾病的精确评估。故此不同模态图像的信息融合使得信息互补及交叉验证成为可能。该文主要介绍多模态影像技术的发展及应用进展。     

应用烃类流体包裹体GOI和成分研究凝析气藏成藏过程：以准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区为例

The Grains containing Oil Inclusions （GOI） data in currently gas/condensate-beating Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoir sandstones of Well Pen 5 （the Mosuowan area of central Junggar Basin, NW China） are generally greater than the empirical threshold line of 5%. This is consistent with the gas-condensate section originally containing a palaeo-oil column. In order to assess the origin of the oil trapped in the oil inclusion and its relationship to the free oil/gas-condensate, a detailed molecular geochemical study was carried out for correlation between the free and inclusion oils. The paleo oil is most likely sourced from the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation, which generated hydrocarbons primarily during Late Triassic and the oils were later secondarily altered and dysmigrated along faults likely during Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. In contrast, the current reservoired oil/gas-condensate mainly derived from the Middle Permian Lower Wuerhe Formation, whose peak generation time last from Late Cretaceous even to the present. This paper showed that integrated oil-bearing fluid inclusion analyses have likely allowed a complex multi-phase charge history to be recognized and resolved with a high degree of confidence.     

Composition and sources of organic matter in atmospheric PM10 over a two year period in Beijing, China

The solvent-extractable organic compounds of atmospheric PM₁₀ samples, collected over two years beginning in 2003 at urban and suburban sites of Beijing, were characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The elemental carbon (EC) contents were determined and ranged from 4.3 to 42 μg m^− 3. Organic compounds in total extracts were identified and included unresolved complex mixture (UCM) and series of n-alkanes, n-alkanols, n-alkanoic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); saccharides, alkanedioic acids, steroids, and other biomarkers and source tracers. The seasonal variations of their relative abundances are discussed. The abundance order for the major molecular classes in the particulate organic matter (POM) was the following: UCM > saccharides > n-alkanoic acids >n-alkanes > n-alkanols > PAHs > hydroxy-PAHs > other biomarker tracers. Based on the genetic significance of the molecular tracers, the dominant sources of POM are proposed for the two sampling sites. The emissions from fossil fuel use (both coal and petroleum products), biomass combustion, other pyrolysis sources, higher plant wax, and secondary products contribute > 98.0% of the POM mass. The fossil fuel use (average = 65% of POM) is the largest contributor and derives mainly from vehicular traffic.     

The rotational temperature of the FeH molecules in a large sunspot

Equivalent widths for four FeH bands (0–0), (1–0), (2–0), and (2–1) versus rotational quantum number J have been used to determine the rotational temperature of the molecule. The average value obtained from the first three bands is $T_{\mathit{rot}}=2900\mathrm{K}\pm 300\mathrm{K}$. This result agrees well with the temperatures derived for other molecules in sunspot umbrae. The current value is notably higher than that obtained earlier by (Mulchaey, J.S., 1989. Pub. Astron. Soc. Pacific 101, 211) for the same molecule.     

分子地质微生物学研究方法述评

微生物在诸如海洋、湖泊、土壤、冰川、洞穴等许多生态系统的地质过程中发挥着重要作用,国际上对一些单个生态系统的地质微生物研究进展及微生物类脂物碳同位素组成与碳循环的关系等已部分地进行了总结。从分子水平上总结了地质微生物研究进展,着重从核酸（16S rRNA、DNA）和类脂物（磷脂酸、藿醇）两大方面评述了分子地质微生物学的研究,重点剖析了地质历史时期的甲烷氧化细菌、绿硫细菌、蓝细菌等一些重要微生物类群的类脂物分子标志化合物特征,揭示了当今分子地质微生物研究领域最新的研究方法及其发展动态,指出单体稳定同位素研究和放射性同位素示踪的结合将使分子地质微生物学研究进入一个崭新阶段。     

盐井定向对接施工工艺研究

通过丰县采1、采2-对盐井施工实例,介绍了盐井定向对接工程的特点以及主要施工仪器、设备性能;运用微积分学对钻井定向段进行了精确设计,对地质模型进行了数字化处理,为工程提供了可靠的施工依据,同时也为该类工程施工提供了技术参考意见。     

A review of Macoma balthica (L) as a stratigraphic marker in the Pleistocene sediments of the southern North Sea Basin

The first occurrence and presence of the bivalve Macoma balthica in the Pleistocene shallow marine sediments (Crags) of East Anglia has long been used to characterise the youngest “Weybourne” or “Wroxham” Crag Formation of Early to early Middle Pleistocene age. A review of recent work on the morphological variation and genetic lineages of living populations of the species and of work on fossil discoveries in East Greenland suggests that the current palaeontological species definition is too narrow, that the species arrived in the Atlantic about 2.4 Ma and much earlier than is envisaged from the studies of the North Sea Basin, and that there were several trans-Arctic migrations of the species during the Pleistocene. This paper reviews these findings and concludes that: (i) detailed morphometric analyses of fossil Macoma species from the Crag need to be undertaken and the species definitions comprehensively reviewed to take account of the morphological and genetic variation seen in modern populations; (ii) detailed morphometric analysis of modern M. balthica should be undertaken and tied to the different genetic lineages, and (iii) the current palaeontological definition of Macoma balthica should not be relied on as the basis for a First Appearance Datum (FAD) in the Southern North Sea basin.     

Bacterial wax esters in recent fluvial sediments

We investigated the molecular inventory of River Danube sediments and identified wax esters with 28–36 carbons, with C₃₀, C₃₁ and C₃₂ homologs the most abundant. They consist of various combinations of n-, iso- and anteiso-aliphatic acid and alcohol moieties, with different isomer distributions for the esters with odd and even carbon numbers. The short chain length (C₂₈–C₃₆), high proportion of methyl moieties and presence of monounsaturated esters together suggest a bacterial origin for the wax esters. The concentration in surface sediments varied from 0 to 741 μg/kg, being significantly enriched at locations with high nutrient concentration and high primary productivity. Cluster analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) band patterns revealed different bacterial communities in surface sediments from the stream and surface sediments from the reservoir. The concentration in a 70 cm core of rapidly deposited sediments decreased significantly with depth, following first order kinetics, suggesting a loss of the esters within ca. 3 years following burial and hence a low probability for preservation in the geological record. Wax esters in rivers have rarely been investigated; our results suggest that they represent a bacterial response to enhanced primary production, triggered by higher nutrient supply.     

Temporal estimates of genetic diversity in some Mytilus galloprovincialis populations impacted by the Prestige oil-spill

The sinking of the tanker Prestige in November 2002 off the coast of Galicia resulted in the release of about 60,000 tons of heavy oil. The oil-spill provoked a serious environmental impact in Spanish and French coasts, which biological consequences are still being assessed. In this study we address the temporal dynamics of genetic diversity in some mussel populations impacted by the oil-spill. Changes in genetic diversity can be measured in natural populations provided that serial samples are available from before (year 2000) and after (years 2003, 2005) the oil-spill. Analyses of seven microsatellites indicate a weak but significant increase of genetic variation after the spill. This phenomenon is interpreted herein in terms of a balance between a enhanced genome mutability on microsatellite variation and a low genetic drift due to toxicants and asphyxia although other stochastic phenomena cannot be ruled out. Per locus annotation showed that in spite of the allelic changes observed in the period 2000-2005, the final size of most allelic series remained quite alike to those of year 2000. Present genetic data suggest that the genotoxic impact of the Prestige spill did not compromise the genetic diversity of studied mussel populations, at least regarding the genetic markers analysed.     

罗非鱼源无乳链球菌（Streptococcusagalactiae）Sip基因的克隆、鉴定及分子特性分析

利用设计的特异性引物,扩增出了分离自患病罗非鱼无乳链球菌强毒株Sip基因,并将其克隆到pMD19-T载体上,之后对重组质粒进行了PCR和双酶切（BamHⅠ＋HindⅢ）鉴定,并利用多种生物信息学软件对Sip基因进行分子特性分析。结果显示,罗非鱼源无乳链球菌Sip编码氨基酸序列具有极高保守性,与人源、哺乳动物源无乳链球菌...