CAR模型的阶与时滞的强一致估计

研究随机线性反馈控制系统的结构辨识问题。在已知时滞的下界和模型阶的上界的假定下，通过使修改的Ｂａｙｅｓｉａｎ信息准则最小化，推导出由多输入多输出ＣＡＮ模型描述的系统的未知阶与时滞的估计算法，证明了算法是强一致收敛的，且能在有限步内达到其模型结构参数的真值。讨论了当模型的参数矩阵不满秩时减弱条件Ｈ’ｓ的强一致估计算法。     

中国主要河流的输沙量及其影响因素

本文选择了中国 4 0余条重要河流 ,并对这些河流多年来平均输沙量及其环境因素资料进行分析 ,发现黄河及其支流的输沙量很大 ,这主要是由于流域干燥的气候、松散的黄土层以及人类开垦活动加剧等原因造成的。对中国河流输沙量影响较大的因素是河流的径流量、干旱指数、最高海拔和人为活动。而流域年均降雨量、年均气温、相对高差、森林覆盖率等的影响则不明显。与世界主要流域输沙量的影响因子相比 ,中国主要河流输沙量受到人类活动和干旱指数的影响较为显著。在相关数据分析的基础上 ,提出了中国主要河流产沙量的估算模式 ,即 log Ds=0 .185 2 log H+0 .3989log R+0 .0 80 3log Q+0 .16 39log Cult+3.0 6 89,模式得到了较好的验证 ,但有待进一步完善。     

金枪鱼(Thunnus)延绳钓作业研究 ——以印度洋东部中国船队为例

报道中国水产总公司金枪鱼船队1997年5月至1999年5月期间在印度洋东部海域进行延绳钓作业的有关情况。结果显示船均月产量，以尾数计在49～175尾之间波动，最高出现于1998年9月，最低出现于1997年5月，平均116尾/船     

印度洋东部延绳钓渔业渔获组成的初步研究

分析1997年6月至1999年5月期间中国水产总公司金枪鱼船队在印度洋东部赤道水域作业的有关数据。结果显示，渔获物以大眼金枪鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼为主，二者分别占渔获物总重量的60．00％和20．88％，以及渔获物总尾数的41．39％、11．51％。渔获组成具有明显的逐月变化。     

Strength of Lightweight Concrete Under Triaxial Compression

The strength of lightweight concrete under triaxial compressive stress is studied experimentally with the concrete triaxial apparatus designed by the authors, and is compared with that of normal concrete under the same stress state. Ninety-five 100 mm cubes under twenty stress ratios are tested. As compared with normal concrete, it is found that not only the multiaxial compressive strength of lightweight concrete is small, but also the ratio of the multiaxial compressive strength to the uniaxial compressive strength is small. The influence of the intermediate principal stress on the multiaxial strength of lightweight concrete is discussed. The strength criteria which are expressed in the principal stresses and the octahedral stresses respectively are proposed.     

The stream hydrology response of converting a headwater pasture catchment to Pinus radiata plantation

ABSTRACT

The planting of degraded land with tree plantations may be effective at improving land use sustainability and profitability but it can also have significant effects on stream hydrology. In this paired catchment study, we report the stream hydrological response to partial (62%) afforestation of a steep pastoral catchment in the western Waikato Region, North Island, New Zealand. We comprehensively analyse the hydrological regime changes over a 23-year period (including eight years before pine planting) with reference to a native-forested ‘control’ catchment. Our results show that afforestation has markedly affected stream hydrology. Seven years after planting, the total annual runoff was 380?mm lower than predicted for the catchment in pasture. Two phases of plantation thinning resulted in the difference between measured and predicted runoff reducing to only 129?mm. Peak flows reduced by ～50% while total stormflow reduced by ～30% – which we attribute to canopy interception attenuating and delaying water yield. The impact of plantation establishment on low flows is not so clear, although afforestation appears to have reduced low flows by ～25%. This study provides information on the hydrological impact of afforestation within a hitherto poorly-represented New Zealand environment (i.e. high rainfall, sedimentary lithology-based, North Island hill country).     

A generalized three-dimensional Hoek–Brown strength criterion

Summary  Although the Hoek–Brown strength criterion has been widely used in rock mechanics and rock engineering, it does not take account of the influence of the intermediate principal stress. Much evidence, however, has been accumulating to indicate that the intermediate principal stress does influence the rock strength in many instances. Therefore, researchers have developed three-dimensional (3D) versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion. In this paper, three existing 3D versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion are reviewed and evaluated. The evaluation shows that all of the three 3D versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion have limitations. To address the limitations, a generalized 3D Hoek–Brown criterion is proposed by modifying the generalized Hoek–Brown strength criterion. The proposed 3D criterion not only inherits the advantages of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion but can take account of the influence of the intermediate principal stress. At a 2D stress state (triaxial or biaxial), the proposed 3D criterion will simply reduce to the form of the generalized Hoek–Brown strength criterion. To validate the proposed 3D strength criterion, polyaxial or true triaxial compression test data of intact rocks and jointed rock masses has been collected from the published literature. Predictions of the proposed generalized 3D Hoek–Brown strength criterion are in good agreement with the test data for a range of different rock types. The difference of the proposed generalized 3D Hoek–Brown strength criterion from and its advantages over the existing 3D versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion are also discussed. It should be noted that the proposed 3D criterion is empirical in nature because it is an extension of the 2D Hoek–Brown strength criterion, which is empirical. Because of the non-convexity of the yield surface for a biaxial stress state, the proposed 3D criterion may have problems with some stress paths. Correspondence: L. Zhang, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA     

高含沙浑水静态剪切应力的试验研究

以试验为手段对高含沙浑液的静态剪切应力进行了探讨,得出静态剪切应力比用压力式流变仪测出的动态剪切应力要大,其差值随着静态时间的增长而加大,且与含沙量成正比,与粒径成反比的定性结论。配合水槽概化试验,论述了静态剪切应力的存在使高含沙水流层流区的阻力随时间增长而加大;静态剪切应力的存在也是造成河道滩槽贴边淤积和滩地高含沙水流整体停滞的根源,是河槽形成"自然堤"的主要因素。     

一种测定松散土体给水度和毛细负压值的仪器

介绍了一种新研制的可以测定松散土体真实给水度和毛细负压值的实验仪器,它能测定天然状况下原状土体的给水度和毛细负压值,并能很好的反映出给二者随地下水位埋深变化的特点。选做的均质土体的给水度和毛细负压值测定实验,验证实验仪器的可靠性和实用性。     

平面应变状态下边坡安全系数的近似求解

Mohr—Coulomb屈服准则不考虑中间主应力对材料强度的贡献,是一个保守的强度屈服准则,在近似平面应变状态下,匹配于Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则的Drucker-Prager屈服准则能给出边坡安全系数偏保守一些的估计;相对而言,Matsuoka—Nakai和Lade-Duncan屈服准则均考虑了中间主应力对土体强度的影响,在近似平面应变状态下,匹配于Matsuoka-Nakai和Lade-Duncan屈服准则的Drucker-Prager屈服准则能给出岩土类材料较为合理的破坏强度预测,土体的抗剪强度能被更有效地发挥出来,因而借助这些转化的Drucker-Prager屈服准则能给出平面应变状态下土坡安全系数较为合理和真实的预测。文中的边坡稳定算例证实了这些观点。