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31.
Hu Yinlei Zhang YumingDepartment of Civil Structural Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau Beijing China 《中国地震研究》1998,(2)
In this paper,approaches are developed to delineate the potential seismic source regions of moderately strong earthquakes that do not have clear seismotectonic settings.Based on comprehensive analysis of regional tectonic backgrounds and seismicity,the data,such as isoseisrnals,spatial distribution of after shocks,regional tectonic stress field,and focal mechanisms,are employed for the delineation of the potential seismic source regions.The reliability of such potential seismic source regions is also discussed. 相似文献
32.
A new methodology for seismic design is proposed based on structural optimization with performance‐based constraints. Performance‐based criteria are introduced for the seismic design of new buildings. These criteria are derived from the National Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (Reference [19], Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), ‘NHERP Guidelines for seismic rehabilitation of buildings’, Report Nos 273 and 274, Washington, DC, 1997) for retrofitting existing structures. The proposed design methodology takes into account the non‐linear behaviour of the structure. The goal is to incorporate in the design the actual performance levels of the structure, i.e. how much reserve capacity the structure has in an earthquake of a given magnitude. The optimal design of the structure minimizes the structural cost subjected to performance constraints on plastic rotations of beams and columns, as well as behavioural constraints for reinforced concrete frames. Uncertainties in the structural period and in the earthquake excitation are taken into account using convex models. The optimization routine incorporates a non‐linear analysis program and the procedure is automated. The proposed methodology leads to a structural design for which the levels of reliability (performance levels) are assumed to be quantifiable. Furthermore, the entire behaviour of the structure well into the non‐linear range is investigated in the design process. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
33.
Wu Fu-chun Song Li-sheng Zhu Xing-guo Wang Feng Jing Bei-ke Dong Xing-hong Fang Wei Zuo Yong-qing 《地震学报(英文版)》2001,14(4):434-439
Based on the analysis of the induced earthquakes in China and abroad, we get some ideas about earthquakes induced by pumping
water out of a well or injecting water into a well. The induced earthquakes usually occur near the well, and they are generally
small earthquakes. The earthquake sources are shallow, and they belong to the main shock-after shock type of earthquake or
the swarm-type of earthquake. The magnitude and the quantity of the induced earthquakes obviously depend on the pressure and
the quantity of water pumped or injected. These earthquakes happen as soon as pumping or injecting occurrence, or after ten
or twenty days, they may occur at the time of injecting mud or injecting high pressure water when a well is being drilled,
or at the time when the ground water is being normally exploited. A large quantity of hot water has been exploited since 1990
in Xi’an, and the quantity of water exploited has been increasing year by year, as a result the groundwater level has been
dropping with the water pumped out and the water level is high in summer and low in winter. The earthquakes in Xi’an region
belong to the solitary-type and they spread outside Xi’an city where the wells are concentrated but no earthquake happens.
The seismic frequency and the energy released have no relation with the quantity of water exploitation or the water level
in the well. It is considered that geothermal exploitation does not induce earthquakes in and around Xi’an because of its
specially geological condition.
Foundation item: Project sponsored by the Landslide Office of Shaanxi Province and Society of Disaster Reduction of Shaanxi Province. 相似文献
34.
研究了安宁河——则木河一小江断裂带的强震构造环境和展源力学机制;据该带历史强震计算分析了地震短张量年速率;据该带跨断层形变观测资料分析了断裂带水平和垂直形变年速率;并就潜在地展危险性进行了讨论. 相似文献
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36.
Liu Xiqiang 《中国地震研究》2005,19(3):269-281
INTRODUCTIONThe structural mine earthquake in coal mines refers to the quake induced by excavationengineeringthatleadstorupturingor change of geological structure and weakness surfaceintheinteriorof rock mass.According to the origin,mine earthquakes can b… 相似文献
37.
A sequence of computer experiments is used to study questions concerning the tsunami problem as a quantitative estimate of tsunami danger, detailed geographical tsunami classification, determination of the parameters of critical tsunami waves, and the conditions of their development. We call a wave critical, if its impact on the coast is most hazardous.Using the Middle Kuril Island as an example, we present the results of a computer experiment which includes determining the wavefields on the shelf and estimating the effects connected with the deep-water Bussol and Diana Straits.Numerical simulation of tsunami waves of different sources permits the assessment of the extent of tsunami danger in different areas of the coastal zone of Simushir Island, depending on the location of the focus zone and their geometry.The major singularities of the wavefield arise in the zones of the deep-water straits. The distribution of the amplification factors is determined by both the global parameters of the wavefields and the local properties of individual harbours. The results obtained for a particular harbour in the northern part of Simushir Island, formed the basis for the quantitative estimate of tsunami danger for this area. 相似文献
38.
利用Paterson气体介质高温高压流变仪对纯叶蛇纹岩在100~400MPa围压、25~700℃温度和10-5~1.5×10-6s-1应变速率下进行了三轴压缩变形实验。实验结果表明叶蛇纹石在低压条件下表现为脆性破裂,高压或脱水条件下表现为半脆性破裂。随着温度的增加,叶蛇纹石的强度显示逐渐降低的趋势;尤其在脱水条件下,温度的增加可导致叶蛇纹石强度大幅度地降低,而且此时预热时间对强度的影响比未发生脱水时更加显著。结合前人的研究并对比发现,围压在室温下的增加导致叶蛇纹岩强度增加;但在高温下围压的增加导致试样强度整体上降低,这很可能是试样内聚力的局部损失与韧性增强引起的。围压和温度的升高,以及断层面上流体的增加很可能会增加破裂面的韧性,从而减小摩擦系数。此外,叶蛇纹石并非以往人们所认为的那样具有极低的强度,其强度要比低温蛇纹石(如利蛇纹石和纤蛇纹石)的大得多,即便在高温(大约600℃)下差应力大于约600MPa和中-低温(≤400℃)下差应力大于约1000MPa时仍没有表现出明显屈服的迹象。在脱水条件下,蛇纹岩并没有发生脱水致脆,相反脱水使得试样的断裂行为变得更加温和些。因此,俯冲带蛇纹岩脱水更可能诱发其周围更加脆性的岩石发生地震而不是脱水的蛇纹岩本身发生地震。 相似文献
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