四川天然气化探异常模式的研究

根据四川盆地两个天然气藏的土壤地球化学异常特征、指标间的组合关系 ,建立了“环中顶”和“面状”化探异常模式。经川西地区油气化探生产实践 ,表明两种异常模式对寻找天然气藏具有良好的效果     

Spatiotemporal characteristics of the displacement field revealed with principal component analysis and the mode-rotation technique

Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the displacement field recorded at 147 GPS stations in the Kanto-Tokai district, Japan, for the period from January 1999 to February 2003. Some prominent geophysical events occurred during this period. Using PCA, we attempted to decompose the displacement field into some representative spatial modes and their corresponding temporal modes to quantitatively extract the primary geophysical events that have caused rapid crustal deformation in this region. The displacement field was roughly decomposed into modes corresponding to the following three major events: (1) The Miyake-Kozu volcanic event, which occurred in the region south of Tokyo in 2000. It included large-scale dyke intrusion and intensive earthquake swarm between the Miyakejima and Kozushima islands. (2) The Tokai slow-slip event, which is considered to have begun just after the Miyake-Kozu volcanic event and is ongoing as of November 2005. It occurred on the boundary between the subducting Philippine Sea Plate and the overriding Eurasian (Amurian) Plate in the Tokai district. (3) The Boso slow-slip event, which lasted for approximately 10 days in October 2002. It occurred on the boundary between the subducting Pacific Plate and the overriding North American Plate near the Boso Peninsula. In the decomposition process, we combined the mode-rotation technique with ordinary PCA. This is because PCA causes contamination between modes, i.e., a mode obtained with PCA is contaminated by other modes. For example, the first principal mode corresponding to the Miyake-Kozu volcanic event, which is by far the largest in magnitude, was clearly seen in many other modes. In order to remove such contamination, we applied the mode-rotation technique, in which the principal axes derived from PCA are rotated so as to minimize the correlation coefficients between different temporal modes for a time period in which some prominent change occurs. Combining the mode-rotation technique with PCA exhibited a better performance in separating the displacement field.     

Three-dimensional non-cohesive earthen dam breach model. Part 2: Validation and applications

Our proposed three-dimensional dam breach model is tested using one field test from the European Community funded IMPACT project. Results show that this three-dimensional model accurately predicts the peak breach discharge and final breach width for this case. It is shown that the three-dimensional model is capable of simulating the breaches that develop in different locations along a hypothetical long non-cohesive dam while accounting for variations in the natural valley topography, including symmetrical and asymmetrical settings. Our results show that both the breach location and reservoir shape have a significant effect on the peak breach discharge and the outflow hydrograph shape. Different inflow hydrographs were found not to significantly change the peak breach discharge rate for the hypothetical reservoir and spillway. Comparisons with laboratory and field dam breach tests and one historically breached dam show that the real shape of the breach channel during the breach process is successfully modeled.     

大陆韧性走滑在粤西的表现--粤西云开地区深成侵入岩片麻理成因新探

粤西片麻状花岗质岩石的成因历来争议很大,主要有混合岩、同构造花岗岩、花岗片麻岩之争.对于构造的作用机理,更多的人用近水平剪切作用来解释.笔者在1/25万阳春幅、阳江幅区域地质调查中,通过对云开地块变质深成岩中透入性面理和线理及其应变分级的详细填连,认为云开地块核部片麻理组合型式是卵形构造与线性活动带的复合,提出了大陆韧性走滑深层剪切变形的新认识.     

川西地区微晶白云母的矿物学特征研究

川西地区微晶白云母是一种新型白云母资源,其主要化学成分S iO245.7%,A l2O330.51%,K2O 11.63%,H2O 4.53%,与白云母的化学成分理论值接近,主要杂质离子F e,M g等以类质同象置换八面体中的A l3+。呈微细薄板状结晶形态,粒径小于10μm,一般1μm~5μm,平均5.5μm,厚度平均0.8μm,径厚比值小,平均6.9。结晶程度高,水化程度低或几乎未水化,不含蒙脱石间层矿物。微晶白云母的晶胞参数a=0.520 01 nm,b=0.906 33 nm,c=2.003 96 nm,α=90.00,°=β95.79,°γ=90.00,°属2M1型白云母,在结构矿物学上显示出与水云母和绢云母具有一定的差异性。     

A new approach to the three-dimensional quantification of angularity using image analysis of the size and form of coarse aggregates

This paper describes a system for the acquisition and analysis of 3D data from the surfaces of coarse aggregate particles. The technique uses laser triangulation to acquire data from the upper hemispheres of particles passing along a conveyor belt. Methods of determining particle size and form in three dimensions are described and a new approach to the quantification of angularity is presented. The algorithm uses mathematical morphology to provide a geometrically meaningful interpretation of particle shape. The relative advantages of 2D and 3D analysis of aggregate particles are discussed, and results are presented which demonstrate the validity of this approach.     

Regional deterministic characterization of fracture networks and its application to GIS-based rock fall risk assessment

The study investigates the possibility to incorporate fracture intensity and block geometry as spatially continuous parameters in GIS-based systems. For this purpose, a deterministic method has been implemented to estimate block size (Bloc3D) and joint frequency (COLTOP). In addition to measuring the block size, the Bloc3D Method provides a 3D representation of the shape of individual blocks. These two methods were applied using field measurements (joint set orientation and spacing) performed over a large field area, in the Swiss Alps. This area is characterized by a complex geology, a number of different rock masses and varying degrees of metamorphism. The spatial variability of the parameters was evaluated with regard to lithology and major faults. A model incorporating these measurements and observations into a GIS system to assess the risk associated with rock falls is proposed. The analysis concludes with a discussion on the feasibility of such an application in regularly and irregularly jointed rock masses, with persistent and impersistent discontinuities.     

Wavelet transformation of mode shape difference function for structural damage location identification

In this paper, a new approach to structural damage detection is presented using mode shape difference between the reference and damage states. In order to capture and display the signal of damage, wavelet transformation is performed upon the mode shape difference function. Results show that this presentation of signal is effective for damage detection. Furthermore, practical aspects of damage identification are investigated, including understanding and using the frequency contents of the mode shape difference function, the mother wavelet function and the resulting wavelet coefficients due to the band‐limited filtering of wavelet transformation. This proposition is experimented. Results are assertive of the proposed concept. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimates of parameters of grain-size distribution from weight frequencies

When grains of a sediment sample are separated by sieving into a number of size classes, the weight of the grains belonging to a particular size-class is called the weight frequency of that class. That the weight frequencies cannot be used as simple frequencies for the calculation of the mean and standard deviation of size of grains is well known. A method is developed in this paper for estimating these two as well as a third parameter, named shape parameter, by minimizing a quadratic form that arises naturally as an analogue of the ² statistic. Two fully worked out numerical examples, with simulated data, are presented to illustrate the method. A computer program in FORTRAN language is also appended. Comparative study shows that the quicker conventional method used by geologists may produce reasonably good estimates of standard deviation when the sample size is large, but the estimates of mean may show large deviations.