结构振动控制智能材料研究及应用进展

压电材料、形状记忆材料、电（磁）流变体以及磁致伸缩材料是土木工程结构振动控制中经常采用的4种智能材料。本文概括介绍了4种智能材料的基本原理,系统总结了4种智能材料在土木工程结构振动控制中的研究与应用进展,最后指出了需进一步研究的方向。     

层结稳定性“豁口”与北太平洋副热带中部模态水形成机制

本文首先指出北太平洋副热带中部模态水（简称中部模态水）的形成具有显著的“局地”特征,其形成海区在（165°E～160°W,38°N～42°N）区间. 海气通量分析表明单纯的外部大气强迫场（太阳短波辐射、净热通量和风应力旋度）不能解释中部模态水形成海区的“局地”性;进一步对上层海洋层结季节变化特征的分析发现秋季（9～10月）在北太平洋中部上层海洋（<75 m）（165°E～160°W,38°N～42°N）区间存在特殊的浮力频率低值区——层结稳定性“豁口”. 该层结稳定性“豁口”作为“预条件（Precondition Mechanism）”机制对中部模态水形成的“局地”特征给出了合理的解释. 在上述研究的基础上,基于一个上层海洋混合层热平衡方程,通过诊断分析揭示该层结稳定性“豁口”是由海表热力强迫、垂向挟卷、Ekman平流和地转平流效应共同导致的,“豁口”东、西边界的确定直接或间接地取决于海表热力强迫、Ekman冷平流和地转暖平流的纬向分布差异.     

静态平衡岬湾海岸理论及其在黄、渤海海岸的应用

岬湾海岸是一种稳定的海岸存在形式,在天然海岸中岬湾地貌占51%。岬湾海岸研究是研究砂质海岸稳定性及演变的重要内容。岬湾海岸理论在海岸稳定性、海岸工程预测以及海岸综合治理方面有其重要的工程价值。文中详细讨论了岬湾理论中最具工程意义的抛物线型岬湾海岸线及基于静态平衡岬湾海岸理论开发的可视化应用软件MEPBay在海岸工程中的应用,并验证了该理论对黄、渤海海岸的适用性。MEPBay软件不仅有助于理解海岸形态过程,也是海岸工程师在岸线保护及海岸管理实践中的有力辅助工具。     

马尼拉海沟几何形态特征的构造演化意义

通过对马尼拉海沟海底地形地貌、构造特征及其相关地震等数据资料的分析,结合俯冲带动力学数值模拟成果,尤其是Schellart等的模式,详细讨论了马尼拉海沟几何形态、海沟南北段俯冲角度突变等构造特征。分析认为,南海中代表古扩张脊的黄岩海山链的俯冲挤入对马尼拉俯冲带的几何形态没有造成较大的影响,其几何形态较符合中等长度(2000～3000km)的海沟模型。由海沟后退和板片反转引起的平行于马尼拉海沟方向的地幔流加剧了海沟南北段俯冲角度的突变。     

齿形滑环组合密封的摩擦力矩计算

利用ABAQUS有限元软件对齿形滑环组合密封件进行建模仿真,采用网格重划技术保证仿真结果收敛,得到不同介质压力下的动密封接触面的压力分布曲线,并且进行二次多项式拟合计算得到齿形滑环组合密封的摩擦力矩理论计算值。通过搭建动密封测试平台,实际测试不同介质压力下齿形滑环组合密封的密封效果,并且得到摩擦力矩的实验值,结果摩擦力矩理论值和实验值基本吻合。结果表明:齿形滑环组合密封效果良好,摩擦力矩的理论计算基本正确,该密封的摩擦力矩与介质压力之间基本呈线性关系。     

北赤道流分岔点与印尼贯穿流的相关分析

Based on monthly mean Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) products from 1958 to 2007,this study analyzes the seasonal and interannual variability of the North Equatorial Current(NEC) bifurcation latitude and the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) volume transport. Further,Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) method and lag-correlation analysis are employed to reveal the relationships between the NEC bifurcation location,NEC and ITF volume transport and ENSO events. The analysis results of the seasonal variability show that the annual mean location of NEC bifurcation in upper layer occurs at 14.33°N and ITF volume transport has a maximum value in summer,a minimum value in winter and an annual mean transport of 7.75×106 m3/s. The interannual variability analysis indicates that the variability of NEC bifurcation location can be treated as a precursor of El Ni?o. The correlation coefficient between the two reaches the maximum of 0.53 with a time lag of 2 months. The ITF volume transport is positively related with El Ni?o events with a maximum coefficient of 0.60 by 3 months. The NEC bifurcation location is positively correlated with the ITF volume transport with a correlation coefficient of 0.43.     

地电阻率观测常见变化形态及其可能原因分析

地电阻率连续观测中常见的变化形态有长趋势变化、年变、日变化、阶跃、高频扰动、快速下降/上升、年尺度持续性下降/上升变化等形态,且多种形态通常相互叠加在一起,构成观测曲线复杂的变化形态。本文结合地电阻率观测基本原理、地电学科多年的研究成果和异常核实工作,尝试对地电阻率观测中常见变化形态可能的产生原因进行分析和总结,以期为异常分析和震情跟踪提供一定的参考。     

SMA负刚度双曲面减震装置的优化及抗震性能研究

SMA负刚度双曲面隔震装置的试验结果表明：绕支座布置的SMA索在支座转弯处不能自由滑动,导致SMA索的受力与设计目标严重不符。为解决上述问题,拟提出一种优化升级的SMA负刚度双曲面减震装置。基于某一连续梁桥,比较研究了正刚度、零刚度与该负刚度装置的抗震性能。结果表明：该优化装置具有良好的耗能能力、自恢复性能以及强震下的限位能力。与正刚度装置及零刚度装置相比,该装置具有更好的抗震性能。     

颗粒形状对珊瑚砂和石英砂沉降影响的试验研究

在研究海岸侵蚀的过程中,泥沙沉速是一个重要参数,对于侵淤量的计算非常重要。近些年来,由于工程活动、海洋动力和气候等因素变化的影响,珊瑚砂海岸的侵蚀冲刷问题已不容忽视。考虑到珊瑚砂与石英砂在形状、比重上的不同会对其沉速造成影响,套用现有石英砂的沉速公式进行计算并不合适。本文针对珊瑚砂和石英砂进行沉降试验,分析形状对珊瑚砂沉速的影响。结果显示,在小粒径(d 0.5 mm)下形状对珊瑚砂沉速的影响并不明显,在大粒径(d 0.5 mm)下明显减缓了珊瑚砂的沉降速度,套用石英砂的沉降公式计算出的珊瑚砂沉速明显偏大。故通过提出动力形状因子这一参数来表征形状对沉降的影响,推导出考虑了形状影响的沉降公式,能够较为准确地计算砂粒的沉速范围,计算精度随着黏度的增大而提升。     

DISCUSSION ON THE SPECTRA SHAPE OF SEISMIC MARGIN EARTHQUAKE OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN CHINA

Fukushima nuclear accident caused widespread concern of earthquake initiated severe accident. Under this background, China nuclear utilities carried out research and application of seismic margin assessment(SMA)approach to evaluate the seismic margin of the existing nuclear power plants(NPP)by different spectra shape of seismic margin earthquake(SME). By reviewing the method used to determine SME of operational NPP in central and eastern United States(CEUS), this paper analyzed the seismic hazard characteristic of China NPP sites, contrasted the design basis ground motion between NPP in CEUS and China, and suggested giving priority to evaluating the seismic margin of operational NPP that adopted the improved second generation technology for the urgency and importance of assessment on the actual seismic capacity of NPP. Comparing RG1.60 spectrum to normalized site-specific SL-2 level acceleration spectra, we found that some normalized spectra overtook the RG1.60's in high frequency range, so it is not always adequate to scale RG1.60 spectrum to evaluate the seismic margin for sites of the improved second generation NPP. We selected a sample site whose site-specific SL-2 level ground motion is close to the standard design of improved second generation NPP(0.2g scaled RG1.60 spectrum)to determine the seismic margin earthquake by probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method of the sample site. Compared to the given PGA(0.3g)scaled scenario earthquake ground motions and the uniform hazard response spectrum(UHRS), whose PGA is 0.3g to PGA(0.3g)scaled standard spectra(median NUREG/CR0098 spectrum and RG1.60 spectrum), the results demonstrated that uniform hazard response spectrum and scaled scenario earthquake ground motions are both significantly higher than the PGA scaled median NUREG/CR0098 spectrum, and all the three spectra are enveloped by PGA scaled RG1.60 spectrum. Then, this paper suggests adopting the uniform hazard response spectrum or scenario earthquake ground motions to evaluate the seismic margin of improved second generation NPP beyond site SL-2 ground motion; and to evaluate the seismic margin of improved second generation NPP beyond standard design, we recommend to use PGA scaled RG1.60 spectrum.