基于Sentinel-1/2动态耦合移栽期特征的水稻种植模式识别

及时准确地获取水稻种植模式变化对于有效防控“非粮化”和完成“双碳”目标具有重要意义。现有研究多基于固定时间窗口挖掘水稻生长期特征,且多使用的是单一卫星影像数据,难以应用于大范围水稻制图。本文通过Sentinel-1/2数据构建动态窗口提取移栽期光学/雷达特征,利用其耦合关系实现水稻种植模式制图。将该算法应用于湖南和江西两省水稻制图。基于1402个地面参考点位对水稻提取结果进行验证,总体精度达92.80%;在县域尺度上,湖南和江西两省水稻制图面积与农业统计数据也具有高度一致性,R²达0.85以上。相比于用固定窗口进行水稻特征提取,该方法具有较强的鲁棒性和迁移能力,为实现更大范围作物制图提取提供新的思路和参考依据。2018—2021年江西省水稻制图结果表明,水稻总种植面积减少9.47%,约3460 km²,水稻种植强度从1.62下降至1.49;在种植模式上,“双改中”趋势明显,双季稻种植面积锐减21.61%,其中约84%改种中稻。     

地表油气化探异常的解释与评价

油气化探中地表地球化学异常大量呈环形分布。在二连盆地桑根达来工区进行地表化探中，发现不同地球化学指标形成的地球化学异常的空间分布上表现为正环形组合和反环形组合。文中结合石油地质条件，通过数字模拟和异常形成的时间序列分析得出：正环形异常组合表示油气向地表微渗漏持续进行，下部可能存在工业聚集的油气藏；反环形异常组合表示油气向地表微渗漏正在减弱，历史上普经存在的油气藏已经消失。     

γ能谱测井分层解释中实用形态系数的模型实测法研究

从γ测井分层解释方法形态系数的物理意义出发,探讨了利用模型测定实用形态系数的原理与方法,提出了实用形态系数的近似计算公式。同时采用HPGeγ谱仪对饱和测井模型进行了试验测量,结果理想,论证了该方法的可行性。     

中国天竺鲷属鱼类的矢耳石形态特征

利用采自我国近海的105尾标本,分析了细条天竺鲷、宽条天竺鲷、黑鳃天竺鲷、黑边天竺鲷、垂带天竺鲷、四线天竺鲷、半线天竺鲷、斑鳍天竺鲷等8种天竺鲷属鱼类的矢耳石形态特征。8种鱼类矢耳石前部均较尖,后部略圆钝,背部呈折线状,腹部呈圆弧形,背部中央有缺刻,听沟宽阔;8种鱼耳石长宽比的比值为1.35～1.63,矩形趋近率为0.67～0.77,充实度为14.77～24.99。以上述三种形态学参数为基础进行聚类分析,可将8种鱼类分为3组:细条天竺鲷、宽条天竺鲷、黑边天竺鲷、黑鳃天竺鲷为一组;垂带天竺鲷、四线天竺鲷、半线天竺鲷为一组;斑鳍天竺鲷为一组。耳石听沟边缘走向、宽度以及耳石外部边缘光滑度等轮廓特征在8种天竺鲷属鱼类间呈显著的种间差异。以这些形态特征为基础,编制了8种天竺鲷属鱼类的检索表,检索表表现的种间分类关系特征与聚类分析结果基本一致。     

北海市大陆海岸旅游地质特征及开发建议

广西北海市大陆海岸海滩类型多样,具有典型的滨海沉积标志,反映地壳升降的新构造运动的标志,典型的海蚀标志,突出的小构造形迹,尚好的非金属矿产及众多的滨海生物等。其特征明显,可作为科研、教学基地;进一步开发旅游业和第三产业,又可为北海市赢得较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

试论地貌圈概念、属性及其与其它地表圈层关系

地貌圈作为地表圈层中的一个与人类生存、发展直接发生关系的圈层。它具有三维形态、物质结构及其运动与演化的四大属性,并在全球充分连续的基本圈层。主要以亚洲与邻区海陆地貌为例,通过地貌圈大中地貌以内动力为主而微地貌以外动力为主的成因概念及其形态、物质、运动与演化四大属性的基本事实,论证地貌圈存在的客观性及其在全球的连续性。论文在探讨地貌圈运动特征时,首次用岩石圈构造分层的现代概念,解析了现代板块边缘及其毗邻广大地区GPS所测试的地壳运动速度,普遍慢于以热点为参考架而确定的板块运动速度。最后,论文以地貌圈与其它地表圈层互相关系的简表,及其与内外环境圈的物质流与能量流等示意图,来呼吁加强地貌圈的基础与应用研究,这对推动地球科学及其与人类生存和可持续发展具有重要意义。     

On the formulation of a finite element method for the stiffened multi-layered airfoil/hydrofoil structure: Post buckling analysis for the wings of underwater gliders

A finite element method is developed for the stiffened multi-layered airfoil/hydrofoil structure for the large deformation and finite strain problem. The kinematics of the airfoil/hydrofoil is set up. The Consistent Orthogonal Basis Function Space is applied for the airfoil/hydrofoil structure. Given the airfoil/hydrofoil configuration and boundary conditions, the basis function space can be uniquely determined, such that the diagonal mass matrix is obtained accurately and the basis functions are very identical with the mode shape functions of the structure. In order to satisfy the displacement compatibility condition between adjacent layers of the airfoil/hydrofoil, the traction degree-of-freedom is also induced.The post buckling analysis is presented for the wing (hydrofoil) structure of the underwater glider. The water pressure is applied on the outer surface and the critical buckling pressure is calculated. The post buckling equilibrium path is also given. The results are verified with ANSYS. The present study of the buckling analysis of the airfoil/hydrofoil under water pressure is helpful to the design of underwater glider.     

Towards automation of palynology 1: analysis of pollen shape and ornamentation using simple geometric measures,derived from scanning electron microscope images

This is the first of a series of papers on the theme of automated pollen analysis. The automation of pollen analysis could result in numerous advantages for the reconstruction of past environments, with larger data sets made practical, objectivity and fine resolution sampling. There are also applications in apiculture and medicine. Previous work on the classification of pollen using texture measures has been successful with small numbers of pollen taxa. However, as the number of pollen taxa to be identified increases, more features may be required to achieve a successful classification. This paper describes the use of simple geometric measures to augment the texture measures. The feasibility of this new approach is tested using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of 12 taxa of fresh pollen taken from reference material collected on Henderson Island, Polynesia. Pollen images were captured directly from a SEM connected to a PC. A threshold grey‐level was set and binary images were then generated. Pollen edges were then located and the boundaries were traced using a chain coding system. A number of simple geometric variables were calculated directly from the chain code of the pollen and a variable selection procedure was used to choose the optimal subset to be used for classification. The efficiency of these variables was tested using a leave‐one‐out classification procedure. The system successfully split the original 12 taxa sample into five sub‐samples containing no more than six pollen taxa each. The further subdivision of echinate pollen types was then attempted with a subset of four pollen taxa. A set of difference codes was constructed for a range of displacements along the chain code. From these difference codes probability variables were calculated. A variable selection procedure was again used to choose the optimal subset of probabilities that may be used for classification. The efficiency of these variables was again tested using a leave‐one‐out classification procedure. The proportion of correctly classified pollen ranged from 81% to 100% depending on the subset of variables used. The best set of variables had an overall classification rate averaging at about 95%. This is comparable with the classification rates from the earlier texture analysis work for other types of pollen. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the fluid and viscoelastic deformations of the planets

The shape of the Earth and of planets depends on the exciting forces and on the rheology of the medium. From the equilibrium equation, we present the main modelisations of the viscous and inviscid fluids and we essentially describe the characteristics of linear viscoelastic deformations, for the Maxwell viscoelastic model of rheology. We use the elastic, viscoelastic and fluid Love numbers in order to investigate the associated relaxation modes. For these various kinds of rheology of the planets interior, we compute the geoid and the topography induced by an internal mass distribution. Finally, we show the importance of this viscoelastic deformation calculations in the study of the celestial body rotations.     

海洋板块蛛网裂缝的粘弹性球扁壳模式

由于所考虑的大洋板块直径为10~3公里数量级,故必须考虑其曲率的影响。又因以百万年计的地壳演变所具有的应力松弛和应变蠕变对造成此裂缝的作用,必须考虑此板块的流变性质。本文是在文献〔9〕的基础上的进一步工作,因大洋海水深度不同,故简化板块上的分布海水荷载为一偏心受压的集中荷载,得到问题的精确解及渐近解。