工程结构的形状记忆合金超弹性阻尼减振技术研究进展

介绍了形状记忆合金(SMA)超弹性阻尼减振的机理，综述了国内外形状记忆合金(SMA)减振装置用于工程结构振动控制的最新进展。大量的研究结果表明形状记忆合金阻尼减振技术在土木工程结构振动控制方面具有比较好的应用前景。     

Shaking table tests on reinforced concrete frames without and with passive control systems

An extensive experimental program of shaking table tests on reduced‐scale structural models was carried out within the activities of the MANSIDE project, for the development of new seismic isolation and energy dissipation devices based on shape memory alloys (SMAs). The aim of the experimental program was to compare the behaviour of structures endowed with innovative SMA‐based devices to the behaviour of conventional structures and of structures endowed with currently used passive control systems. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the main results of the shaking table tests carried out on the models with and without special braces. Two different types of energy dissipating and re‐centring braces have been considered to enhance the seismic performances of the tested model. They are based on the hysteretic properties of steel elements and on the superelastic properties of SMAs, respectively. The addition of passive control braces in the reinforced concrete frame resulted in significant benefits on the overall seismic behaviour. The seismic intensity producing structural collapse was considerably raised, interstorey drifts and shear forces in columns were drastically reduced. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GIS对新安江模型的改进初探

新安江模型能较好解决降雨时空分布问题,但忽略了其他分布不均的影响。流域汇流特征在很大程度上取决于流域形状特征和地形分布。提出一种方法,利用数字高程模型(DEM)划分子流域,提取各单元流域的平均坡度和最大汇流路径长度,以最大汇流路径长度推求形状系数,并将形状系数和平均坡度引入模型结构中,建立其与汇流参数之间的相关关系,使新安江模型能同时考虑降雨、流域形状以及地形分布。将改进后的模型应用于沿渡河流域进行验证,效果良好。     

基于单多普勒天气雷达产品的强对流天气预报预警方法

本文对发生在常德新一代天气雷达探测区内的强对流天气(雷雨大风、冰雹、龙卷)在雷达回波强度场及速度场上的表现特征进行了归类分析,既用实例证实了美国强对流天气在多普勒天气雷达产品上的表现特征同样适用于中国,又对其表现特征进行了完善。在此基础上建立了适用于当地的基于单多普勒天气雷达产品的强对流天气预报方法,并根据雷达实时体扫资料对强对流天气进行语音、文字自动报警以及对风暴移向、移速进行预报作了实用性的探讨。在多普勒天气雷达产品应用还处在探索、起步阶段的我国,该方法为制作强对流天气预报提供了较系统的预报思路。     

基于经验模态分解的形变信号滤波处理与异常提取

本文介绍了经验模态分解的方法与原理,给出了由经验模态分解产生的固有模态函数重构组合滤波器的原理与详细算法。通过对形变观测中典型干扰信号的综合处理、异常提取试验及其所取得的效果,综合分析认为,经验模态分解组合滤波器方法可作为形变观测数据处理中一种新的行之有效的分析方法。     

Fracture Toughness Measurements and Acoustic Emission Activity in Brittle Rocks

Fracture toughness measurements under static loading conditions have been carried out in Barre and Lac du Bonnet granites. An advanced AE technique has been adopted to monitor real-time crack initiation and propagation around the principal crack in these tests to understand the processes of brittle failure under tension and related characteristics of the resulting fracture process zone. The anisotropy of Mode I fracture toughness has been investigated along specific directions. Microcrack density and orientation analysis from thin section studies have shown these characteristics to be the primary cause of the observed variation in fracture toughness, which is seen to vary between 1.14 MPa.(m)^1/2 and 1.89 MPa.(m)^1/2 in Barre granite. The latter value represents the case in which the crack is propagated at right angles to the main set of microcracks. The creation of a significant fracture process zone surrounding the propagating main crack has been confirmed. Real-time imaging of the fracture process and formation of fracture process zone by AE techniques yielded results in very good agreement with those obtained by direct optical analysis.     

山西峨嵋台地的挤压型地裂

考察了山西峨嵋台地万荣城区一带的挤压型地裂,发现其呈北西-南东的条带状,1985年发生,至今仍在发展。地裂带上墙砖、水泥地砖拱曲翘起,水泥地面条带状拱曲,土体发育呈波浪条带状垅岗;墙体开裂,墙体裂缝中间宽上下两头细,地裂带上X型破裂发育。分析了万荣城区一带地裂的特征,讨论了万荣挤压型地裂的力学成因机制。     

利用模式识别方法进行地震短期综合预报的初步探讨

以乌鲁木齐及其附近地区多项前兆监测手段的系统性震例总结资料为基础,根据地震短期综合预报的特点,对利用模式识别方法进行地震短期综合预报的可能性做初步探讨。结果表明,利用模式识别方法进行地震短期综合预报具有明显的现实意义。     

贫困区的发生类型与可持续性脱贫对策

分析了贫困区的发生机制和三种类型。从我国扶贫攻坚的现状出发,针对贫困区人与环境三个生产环节的矛盾焦点,提出了实现可持续性脱贫的对策     

不同结构网囊特性的初步研究

为了测定不同拖网网囊结构对网囊的几何形状、同目张开、网目形状和拖网阻力的影响,设计和制作了4种网囊,一种是传统的菱形同目（DM）网囊,另三种是新型网囊：方形同目（SM）网囊,菱、方形网目混合二片式（DSM2）网囊和菱、方形同目混合四片式（DSM4）网囊。于1996年9月11～12日在中山大学试验水槽进行了同模试验,结果表明：1）各网囊阻力相差不大,且随拖速和渔获的增加而增大。2）新型网囊的几何形状和同目的张开及其形状均优于传统菱形网目网囊。3）空网时,各种网囊均呈圆筒状。当网囊中有了渔获后,传统菱形同目网囊的端部变为球状,除了球状部分的网目有较大张开外,其余同目张开很小,网囊使用直径也小,而新型网囊始终保持筒状,且网目充分张开,网囊使用直径也大。4）新型例翼的几何形状及使用直径和网目的张开及形状几乎不受拖速大小、有无渔获和渔获多少的影响。