克希霍夫三维DMO叠加在地震资料处理中的应用

一个炮点和一个检波点接收的一道地震记录上某一时刻振幅值,它可能来自地下一个椭圆面上各个点的反射,该椭圆面以炮点和检波点为焦点,炮点和检波点的连线为长轴。因此,在叠加时,该振幅值就不是只在共中心点(CMP)上相加,而应该在椭圆面上各个点相加(当然,在不同点上振幅值是变化的)。这种叠加方法实现了共反射点叠加,有利于叠加成像,也有利于提高分辨率和信噪比。这就是克希霍夫求和法。     

按克林索求和计算大地水准面差距垂线偏差及重力异常

本文采用克林索求和的方法,应用三个重力模型计算了东经80°～120°和北纬20°～40°之间的大地水准面差距、垂线偏差和重力异常。各模型截取到22阶次为止,并且将各模型计算的5°×5°大地水准面差距和垂线偏差平均值进行了比较。另外还对模型计算的平均重力异常与实测的平均重力异常进行了比较。     

Magmatic lineations inferred from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility fabrics in Units 8, 9, and 10 of the Rum Eastern Layered Series, NW Scotland

The Eastern Layered Series of the Rum Layered Suite, NW Scotland, comprises a sequence of sixteen (30–150 m thick) cyclic units. The upper troctolite–olivine gabbro parts of each of these units exhibit small-scale modal layering and a pervasive, layer-parallel mineral lamination that is often associated with ‘soft-sediment’ deformation structures. A sporadic, macroscopic magmatic lineation measurable on mineral lamination surfaces is also observed in places. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) fabrics were studied in three of these cyclic units, (8, 9, and 10) in the northern part of the Eastern Layered Series. Magnetic fabrics measured in the troctolites and gabbros yield one dominant trend in which magnetic foliations parallel magmatic layering and magnetic lineations trend NW–SE and plunge gently. Magnetic fabrics measured for two detailed traverses through Unit 10 on the northern side of Hallival also yield one dominant trend, similar to that measured elsewhere in the Eastern Layered Series. However, toward the centre of Unit 10 in each traverse, magnetic lineations sometimes plunge approximately downdip (SW) on the magnetic foliation planes. The implications of these results are discussed with reference to previous textural and fabric observations on Rum. A model is suggested in which weak linear arrangements of cumulus olivine and plagioclase crystals are developed due to slumping and soft-sediment deformation of unconsolidated crystal mushes during central sagging of the Rum Layered Suite.     

Static versus modal analysis: influence on inelastic response of multi-storey asymmetric buildings

The paper investigates the influence of design procedures on the seismic response of multi-storey asymmetric buildings. To this end, some structures are designed according to methods based on either static or modal analysis, with or without design eccentricities. The seismic response of these systems is determined by means of inelastic dynamic analyses and the design is thoroughly examined in order to explain the results of the dynamic analyses. Attention is basically focused on the ability of design methods to prevent asymmetric buildings from experiencing ductility demands much larger than those of the corresponding torsionally balanced systems. Numerical analyses underline that while design procedures based on either static or modal analysis are suitable for the design of torsionally rigid structures only those based on modal analysis lead to the satisfactory performance of torsionally flexible buildings. Furthermore, the study highlights the qualities of a design method proposed by the Authors. Its application does not require any explicit calculation of design eccentricities and leads to proper seismic response of both torsionally rigid and flexible asymmetric buildings.     

4000 m岩心钻机桅杆结构设计与有限元分析

桅杆是钻机的重要组成部分,本文对勘探技术研究所自主研制的4000米岩心钻机桅杆进行结构设计,在Solidworks中完成桅杆的建模,运用ANSYS Workbench对桅杆装配体进行有限元分析,完成对桅杆结构强度和刚度的校核,并对其进行模态分析,得到前10阶固有频率和振型,与激振源进行对比,分析发现第1阶、第2阶固有频率与钻机转盘和起升系统频率有重叠,可能会发生共振,通过调节钻机转盘和起升系统转速避免发生共振,振动时最大变形处变形量较小,说明桅杆结构设计合理,能够满足实际应用要求,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Methods of harmonic synthesis for global geopotential models and their first-, second- and third-order gradients

Four widely used algorithms for the computation of the Earth’s gravitational potential and its first-, second- and third-order gradients are examined: the traditional increasing degree recursion in associated Legendre functions and its variant based on the Clenshaw summation, plus the methods of Pines and Cunningham–Metris, which are free from the singularities that distinguish the first two methods at the geographic poles. All four methods are reorganized with the lumped coefficients approach, which in the cases of Pines and Cunningham–Metris requires a complete revision of the algorithms. The characteristics of the four methods are studied and described, and numerical tests are performed to assess and compare their precision, accuracy, and efficiency. In general the performance levels of all four codes exhibit large improvements over previously published versions. From the point of view of numerical precision, away from the geographic poles Clenshaw and Legendre offer an overall better quality. Furthermore, Pines and Cunningham–Metris are affected by an intrinsic loss of precision at the equator and suffer from additional deterioration when the gravity gradients components are rotated into the East-North-Up topocentric reference system. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Modal analysis of a fast patrol boat made of composite material

The structural dynamic behaviour of a fast patrol boat is studied with two- and three-dimensional idealizations for dry-hull analysis. A preliminary two-dimensional beam analysis is conducted by means of the Prohl-Myklestad method to derive a first estimate of the first four symmetric mode shapes. A more complex three-dimensional finite element model is developed in order to evaluate the modal characteristics for both symmetric and coupled anti-symmetric distortions, with the emphasis placed on the former.     

优化分层总和法——一种新的深基坑侧土压力计算方法

依据黄金分割定理对目前深基坑侧土压力计算经常使用的分层总和法和参数综合值法,结合中兴－沈阳商业大厦二期扩建工程深基坑支护工程实例进行分析研究,提出通过调整 C,Φ值,使 1-EaZ/EaH=0.618（黄金分割定理）来确定 Ea和 EaZ值的优化分层总和法,以期达到解决理论模式和以实践为基础的经验模型的不统一问题。优化分层总和法原理简单,计算方法简便,计算结果离散性小,结果可靠。     

Using incomplete modal data for damage detection in offshore jacket structures

The development of robust techniques for early damage detection for offshore structures is crucial to avoid the possible catastrophe caused by structural failures. This article applies the cross-model cross-mode (CMCM) method for damage detection that is capable of identifying the damage to individual members of offshore jacket platforms, when limited, spatially incomplete modal data is available. Basically, the CMCM method is classified as a direct, physical property adjustment model updating method. Implementing this method requires only a few modes measured from the damaged structure. In dealing with spatial incompleteness, this paper investigates both model reduction and modal expansion techniques. Specifically, either Guyan (static condensation) or SEREP (system equivalent reduction expansion process) transformation matrix, between the master and slave degrees-of-freedom, is employed in the model reduction or modal expansion process. One theoretical development is an iterative procedure to compute the transformation matrix associated with the (unknown) damaged structure. Numerical studies are conducted for a jacket platform with multiple damaged members based on synthetic data generated from finite-element models. The results suggest that (i) Guyan scheme always outperforms SEREP, (ii) model reduction is always better than modal expansion, and (iii) the CMCM method in conjunction with iterative Guyan reduction approach yields the best damage location and severity estimate.