Response of circular flexible foundations subjected to horizontal and rocking motions

A methodology using modal analysis is developed to evaluate dynamic vertical displacements of a circular flexible foundation resting on soil media subjected to horizontal and rocking motions. The influence of the soil reaction forces on the foundation is considered by introducing modal impedance functions, which can be determined by an efficient procedure with ring elements. The displacements of the foundation can then be easily solved by modal superposition. Parametric studies for modal responses of the flexible foundation indicate that the coupled response of the foundation is significantly influenced by relative stiffness among the foundation and the soil medium, vibration frequency range, foundation mass, and boundary contact conditions. The welded boundary condition should be considered to predict the coupling response while the relaxed boundary condition may be used to predict approximately the vertical displacements. As a foundation with a relative stiffness ratio more than three, it is found that the foundation can be considered as rigid to calculate coupling displacements. For a slightly flexible foundation, considerations of three modes are sufficient enough to obtain accurate foundation responses. Moreover, at low frequencies, the coupling effect due to higher mode can be neglected.     

基坑底分层回弹量的实用计算方法

基坑开挖后的卸载会引起基坑的回弹,基坑开挖越深,则回弹量越大,较大回弹量会造成各种工程问题。现有回弹量计算方法需要进行专门的回弹试验或特定应力路径试验以确定回弹计算所需的模量。为了避免进行专门试验,特研究了应用常规试验所得模量与常用Mindlin解和Boussinesq解相结合,得到一种计算回弹量的简便可行方法。通过对Mindlin解和Boussinesq解计算所得应力,与e- 模型和Duncan-Chang模型的变形计算方法进行组合,得到4种计算方法,然后应用分层总和法计算求解基坑的回弹量,通过与实测值对比,比较4种组合计算方法的精度,得出更适合于工程实际应用的、准确性更高的基坑回弹量计算方法。经3个工程实例检验,推荐采用Mindlin解和e- 模型分别计算应力和模量,再应用分层总和法累加变形量,可得到与工程实测值非常相近的坑底总回弹量和坑底分层回弹量。     

盾构法隧道施工工后横向地表总沉降研究

盾构法隧道施工引起的土体超孔隙水压力消散,会导致工后地表继续沉降。在前人研究基础上,提出了隧道周围土体的初始超孔隙水压力计算方法。采用分层总和法,计算由于扰动区内土体超孔隙水压力消散引起的地表固结沉降量,结合施工阶段地表沉降量,叠加得到总的工后横向地表沉降。提出了固结开始t时刻的地表总沉降量计算方法,研究了地表沉降速率随时间的变化。算例分析结果表明：本文方法计算得到的横向地表沉降曲线符合正态分布规律,与实测值吻合;地表总沉降速率的发展也与实测沉降速率曲线相符。     

Dynamic analysis of vehicle–deck interactions

This paper presents the review and studies at various levels of problems concerning the authors’ previous research on the dynamics of vehicle–deck interactions. The various levels of study include the dynamic structural behavior of vehicle–deck systems, vehicle vibrations, damping effects of vehicles on structural systems, dynamic interactions between tire and deck surface, and vehicle securing on decks during ship motions, etc. The study includes analytical, numerical and experimental analysis. Practical problems encountered by Ro–Ro ship designers are addressed by discussing those analysis. It is shown that influences from the dynamics of vehicle–deck interactions are relevant to a number of aspects of issues, such as the excitation frequency range, how detailed information of the structural system response is required, the structure characteristics, and positions and orientations of vehicles on decks, etc. The study contributes to the knowledge for the naval architect and vehicle engineer on how significant the dynamics of vehicle–deck interactions are when dealing with relevant problems.     

内蒙古准苏吉花铜钼矿区土壤热磁组分地球化学异常特征及意义

准苏吉花斑岩型铜钼矿床是内蒙古中北部新近发现的铜钼多金属矿床之一。这里对矿区地表土壤热磁组分中元素含量及异常特征进行了研究,结果表明元素异常在平面上出现明显的分带性,以地表矿化露头为中心向外依次为Mo-Cu-W-Te带、Ag-Bi-In-Zn-Cd带及As-Pb-Mn-Sb带,所有元素异常均包含在Fe2O3异常之内。通过土壤热磁组分地球化学测量,共圈出七个多元素组合异常,经野外异常查证,认为土壤热磁组分地球化学异常为有效的地质异常。因此,在风成沙覆盖区应用土壤热磁组分地球化学测量方法,配合多重分形(含量-求和法)和地质累积指数(Igeo)等统计方法,可最大限度消除风成沙干扰,快速、有效地确定异常下限,圈定多元素组合异常,提供有利找矿靶区。     

A modal approach to second-order analysis of sloshing using boundary element method

This paper aims at developing a modal approach for the non-linear analysis of sloshing in an arbitrary-shape tank under both horizontal and vertical excitations. For this purpose, the perturbation technique is employed and the potential flow is adopted as the liquid sloshing model. The first- and second-order kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions of the liquid-free surface are used along with a boundary element model which is formulated in terms of the velocity potential of the liquid-free surface. The boundary element model is used to determine the natural mode shapes of sloshing and their corresponding frequencies. Using the modal analysis technique, a non-linear model is presented for the calculation of the first- and second-order potential which can be used to obtain a reduced-order model for the sloshing dynamics. The results of the presented model are verified with the analytical solution for the second-order analysis of sloshing in a rectangular tank and very good results were obtained. Also, the second-order sloshing in some other example tanks with complex bed shapes is studied. The second-order resonance conditions of liquid sloshing in the example tanks are investigated and some conclusions are drawn.     

重复荷载作用下粉性路基土累积塑性变形研究

为研究不同含水率、压实度和应力水平下路基压实粉性路基土累积塑性变形影响因素与变化规律,开展了系列动三轴试验。根据累积塑性应变随加载次数的变化规律,获得了不同含水率、压实度下粉土的临界动应力。研究表明,粉性路基土临界动应力随压实度的提高而增大,随含水率的增大而减小。为避免路面结构的破坏,路基土应力状态应控制在临界应力界限范围内。鉴于此,针对路基土临界应力范围内的试验数据,建立了路基土累积塑性变形预估模型。该模型考虑了应力和加载次数的影响。回归分析表明,该模型具有较高的决定系数,即模型具有较高的合理性与可靠性。模型的建立为基于力学经验法的路基累积塑性变形计算提供了参数。最后以典型水泥混凝土路面为例,获得了不同轴载、轴型作用下粉土路基累积塑性变形,为进一步研究路基累积塑性变形对路面结构的影响提供了思路。     

环境激励下桥梁结构模态频率与波速变化监测研究

基于环境激励的桥梁健康监测方法是未来的发展方向。我们采用宽频带地震计Guralp CMG-6TD,建立了在线桥梁监测系统,对北京市昌平区鲁疃西路大桥进行了连续监测。分别使用随机子空间识别获得桥梁模态参数和尾波干涉法监测桥梁波速变化。结果表明：（1）采用的高灵敏度宽频带速度型地震计,能够连续准确记录宽频带范围内的三分量振动信号,非常适用于长期桥梁动态监测;（2）基于连续记录的环境激励信号,随机子空间法能够稳定可靠地识别桥梁低阶模态参数,尾波干涉法能够连续精确地监测桥梁材料的细微波速变化;（3）温度变化会引起桥梁材料的弹性模量发生显著变化。波速变化呈现振幅为1%的日变化特征,与温度变化呈明显的反相关性,温度敏感系数约为。同时模态频率的变化不太明显,说明波速可能是比模态频率更为敏感的量化损伤指标;（4）模态频率是桥梁整体状态的一种度量,而波速变化可以监测桥梁局部材料弹性性质的变化。将这两者结合起来,利用环境激励信号,连续准确识别桥梁模态频率以及监测波速变化,对于桥梁健康监测具有潜在重要应用价值。