亚洲砂岩型铀矿区域分布规律和中国砂岩型铀矿找矿对策

20世纪80年代以来,继中亚（哈萨克斯坦,乌兹别克斯坦）早所发现大量砂岩型铀矿之后,俄罗斯,蒙古境内又找到了许多大型砂岩型铀矿床,至此,亚洲已成为世界上砂岩型铀资源的最集中产地,已发现的砂岩型铀矿床大体上沿着南北分别为塔木－华北陆地和西伯利亚陆块所围限,西起西西伯利亚低地,向南经哈,乌,再折向东经阿尔泰,萨彦,我国的青,甘,内蒙,直到大小兴安岭和鄂霍次克海的近东西走向,向南凸出的弧形构造带分布,俄罗斯将其命名为中央亚洲活动带,我国一些学称其为蒙古弧,此带内产出成因迥异,类型众多的大型,超大型金,多金属,块状硫化物,斑岩铜（金）矿以及火山岩型和砂岩型铀矿,带内如此丰富多彩的矿产资源与该带独特的地质构造演化密切相关,今后应大力加强对此构造带的地质研究和铀矿找矿。     

准噶尔盆地沙漠-绿洲雪面蒸发实验研究

根据2007年11月至2008年3月积雪期在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘和天山北坡阜康绿洲的雪面蒸发实验观测和资料分析,研究了准噶尔盆地沙漠-绿洲雪面蒸发特征.结果表明:沙漠区日均雪面蒸发量为0.015mm·d-1,绿洲区为0.02mm·d-1,观测期日蒸发为负值(净凝结)的天数占总观测日数的31.9%.冬季稳定积雪期沙漠区和绿洲区雪面蒸发总量分别为1.73mm和1.95mm,各占冬季降水量的6.51%和7.37%.沙漠垄间开阔地雪面蒸发比梭梭林内蒸发强,冬季12月至翌年2月垄间林内总蒸发量为-0.41mm,开阔地蒸发量0.86mm.影响准噶尔盆地冬季雪面蒸发的主导因素为气温,与天山山地及世界其它干旱地区相比,准噶尔盆地冬季雪面蒸发是最小的.低温、多雾天气是盆地低蒸发的重要原因.     

A debris-flow alarm system for the Alpine Illgraben catchment: design and performance

We describe the development, implementation, and first analyses of the performance of a debris-flow warning system for the Illgraben catchment and debris fan area. The Illgraben catchment (9.5 km²), located in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland, in the Rhone River valley, is characterized by frequent and voluminous sediment transport and debris-flow activity, and is one of the most active debris-flow catchments in the Alps. It is the site of an instrumented debris-flow observation station in operation since the year 2000. The residents in Susten (municipality Leuk), tourists, and other land users, are exposed to a significant hazard. The warning system consists of four modules: community organizational planning (hazard awareness and preparedness), event detection and alerting, geomorphic catchment observation, and applied research to facilitate the development of an early warning system based on weather forecasting. The system presently provides automated alert signals near the active channel prior to (5–15 min) the arrival of a debris flow or flash flood at the uppermost frequently used channel crossing. It is intended to provide data to support decision-making for warning and evacuation, especially when unusually large debris flows are expected to leave the channel near populated areas. First-year results of the detection and alert module in comparison with the data from the independent debris-flow observation station are generally favorable. Twenty automated alerts (alarms) were issued, which triggered flashing lights and sirens at all major footpaths crossing the channel bed, for three debris flows and 16 flood flows. Only one false alarm was issued. The major difficulty we encountered is related to the variability and complexity of the events (e.g., events consisting of multiple surges) and can be largely solved by increasing the duration of the alarm. All of the alarms for hazardous events were produced by storms with a rainfall duration and intensity larger than the threshold for debris-flow activity that was defined in an earlier study, supporting our intention to investigate the use of rainfall forecasts to increase the time available for warning and implementation of active countermeasures.     

北半球积雪监测诊断业务系统

利用卫星遥感和常规观测的积雪资料，确定了适合业务使用的北半球及中国积雪监测诊断方法，并初步建立了北半球和中国积雪监测业务。其相关业务产品主要有：北半球月积雪日数、中国月积雪日数、积雪深度的分布，北半球、欧亚、中国等不同区域积雪面积距平指数。     

民用航空气象观测综述

介绍了民用航空气象观测这一全球大气监测网中的重要观测平台的发展历史，航空气象资料的特点及其在气象业务与大气科学研究中的应用现状，详细分析了航空气象资料的获取、优势、存在的局限和未来的改进方向。指出民用航空飞机观测这一常规大气探测手段具有广阔的应用前景，受到了气象部门和航空业的共同重视，航空气象资料对提高天气预报准确率和气象服务水平将起到积极的促进作用，在未来的数值天气预报业务和大气科学研究中占据越来越重要的地位。     

山东国家级气象观测站综合判识观测项目评估分析

基于全国综合气象信息共享系统(CIMISS)数据库,以一致率(冻土深度用误差绝对值)作为检验指标。对山东国家级气象观测站15项自动综合判识数据,与同期台站观测结果做对比检验,并进行评估分析。结果表明:1)总云量判识一致率为65.8％,云量偏差绝对值为1的占比51.1％;大部分不一致的情况出现在实况为阴天到满云时,判识结果为无云或少云。云高分类后与人工观测的总体一致率为85.0％。各站云高一致率均高于云量。2)雾凇、雨凇、雾、轻雾、浮尘、扬沙、沙尘暴、积雪和结冰等9种现象综合判识结果与台站观测一致率达92.0％以上;霜、霾、露的一致率为75.0％以上。结冰、轻雾、雾与霜命中率较高;积雪、雨凇与扬沙漏判率较高;沙尘暴、雨凇、扬沙和雾凇空判率较高。3)雨凇、雾凇判识效果受单站样本大小的影响;评估期内国家级气象观测站无草温观测任务,是造成积雪现象漏判率高的主要原因。有降水天气现象时,同时出现的视程障碍类天气现象不判识,是其漏判率增大的原因之一。4)评估时段冻土数据绝对误差平均值为1.6 cm,判识与实测误差绝对值在1～10 cm之间的占82.8％,判识效果较好。通过评估分析可见,基于卫星、探空、自动气象站、雷达、闪电定位等多源数据,结合模式再分析产品,实现综合判识结果与台站观测数据一致性较好,能够更好地满足气象预报服务需求。     

中国北方典型地区不同类型云微物理特征分析

对2009-2011年内蒙古通辽地区41架次穿云飞行探测结果进行统计分析,探讨中国北方典型地区的各类型云的微观特征.结果表明:该地区不同云型的平均云滴粒子数浓度Nc按大小排序为:层积云Sc＞积云Cu＞高层云As＞雨层云Ns＞高积云Ac.降水性云(Ns,As和Sc)的Nc值一般跨度范围较大,且累计概率的减小幅度较为平缓....     

Unveiling hidden migration and mobility patterns in climate stressed regions: A longitudinal study of six million anonymous mobile phone users in Bangladesh

Climate change is likely to drive migration from environmentally stressed areas. However quantifying short and long-term movements across large areas is challenging due to difficulties in the collection of highly spatially and temporally resolved human mobility data. In this study we use two datasets of individual mobility trajectories from six million de-identified mobile phone users in Bangladesh over three months and two years respectively. Using data collected during Cyclone Mahasen, which struck Bangladesh in May 2013, we show first how analyses based on mobile network data can describe important short-term features (hours–weeks) of human mobility during and after extreme weather events, which are extremely hard to quantify using standard survey based research. We then demonstrate how mobile data for the first time allow us to study the relationship between fundamental parameters of migration patterns on a national scale. We concurrently quantify incidence, direction, duration and seasonality of migration episodes in Bangladesh. While we show that changes in the incidence of migration episodes are highly correlated with changes in the duration of migration episodes, the correlation between in- and out-migration between areas is unexpectedly weak. The methodological framework described here provides an important addition to current methods in studies of human migration and climate change.     

六枝站旧址与新址观测资料对比分析

对六枝基本气象站新旧两址气象资料进行研究分析,通过统计原台站近30a年平均值及新站逐月平均值并计算各个相关要素与新旧地址的对比差值,从完整性、平均差值标准差比较及显著性检验方面分析新旧站点观测资料的差异与连续可用性。     

论江西气象综合观测体系改革与建设

介绍了江西现有的气象综合观测体系,并就江西气象综合观测体系改革与建设的内容进行了论述,认为江西气象综合观测体系的改革与建设,应按照中国气象局调整“国家气候观象台、国家气象观测站、区域气象观测站”3类台站布局,构建“国家气候监测网、国家天气观测网、国家专业气象观测网和区域气象观测网”的总体要求,坚持全面性、开放性、可行性和连续性相统一的原则,根据一站多用、一站多能和一体化、集约化的原则,结合江西经济社会发展、国家安全和可持续发展的实际需要,对全省各台站进行统筹规划、科学布局,形成一站多点、一站多能、满足多轨道业务需求的综合气象观测网。