基于移动GIS的土地执法动态巡查系统建设

目前土地执法巡查工作存在着作业方式落后、信息化程度低、巡查效率低和巡查人员不易监督的问题。针对这些问题,通过分析土地执法巡查的业务需求和移动GIS技术的特点提出构建基于移动GIS的土地执法动态巡查系统,在此基础上完成系统总体架构设计和功能设计,分析系统实现的移动GIS技术、数据库引擎技术、Web Services技术和基于时间维的GIS管理技术,重点阐述移动GIS技术在系统中的应用,最后完成系统开发。系统的使用改善了执法巡查现状,提高了巡查效率。     

Exploring the reasons for the seasons using Google Earth, 3D models,and plots

ABSTRACT

Public understanding of climate and climate change is of broad societal importance. However, misconceptions regarding reasons for the seasons abound amongst students, teachers, and the public, many of whom believe that seasonality is caused by large variations in Earth’s distance from the Sun. Misconceptions may be reinforced by textbook illustrations that exaggerate eccentricity or show an inclined view of Earth’s near-circular orbit. Textbook explanations that omit multiple factors influencing seasons, that do not mesh with students’ experiences, or that are erroneous, hinder scientifically valid reasoning. Studies show that many teachers share their students’ misconceptions, and even when they understand basic concepts, teachers may fail to appreciate the range of factors contributing to seasonal change, or their relative importance. We have therefore developed a learning resource using Google Earth, a virtual globe with other useful, weather- and climate-related visualizations. A classroom test of 27 undergraduates in a public research university showed that 15 improved their test scores after the Google Earth-based laboratory class, whereas 5 disimproved. Mean correct answers rose from 4.7/10 to 6/10, giving a paired t-test value of 0.21. After using Google Earth, students are helped to segue to a heliocentric view.     

考虑时变影响的拱坝坝肩空间变形场预测

坝肩变形是拱坝坝肩稳定状态的综合反映,在运行期呈小变形变化,监测点测值在空间上具有连续性,同时影响拱坝坝肩变形的各种因素具有时变性。通过融合统计回归和多层递阶方法的特点,建立了反映变形场空间和时变特性的空间时变分析模型。实例分析表明,该模型实用有效,预测精度高。考虑时变影响可以提高拱坝坝肩空间变形场的预测能力,对监控拱坝坝肩的实际工作状况有重要意义。     

江苏淤泥质潮滩剖面演变现场观测

为探究江苏中部沿海双凸型剖面演变特性,在江苏盐城川东港南侧潮间带布设了10个水准观测站,2012年9月至2013年11月对该潮滩剖面演变过程开展了现场观测.结果表明:该潮滩剖面呈现出双凸型特征,平均高、低潮位线附近的滩涂形成淤积率较高的地形凸点;潮间上带受潮流影响小,滩面高程相对稳定;平均高、低潮位之间的区域滩面高程季节性变化明显,总体呈现冲刷状态;潮间下带冲刷显著,滩面坡度增大.全剖面自岸向海呈现"稳定—淤积—稳定—淤积—冲刷"的双凸型剖面特征.     

二次灌浆在电解槽沉降基础加固复位中的应用

广西某电解铝车间电解槽沉降基础在采用直孔帷幕灌浆加固的基础上,利用斜孔在有限空间进行二次灌浆加固复位,通过合理控制灌浆压力和灌浆量或间歇灌浆等措施,实行测量跟踪观测控制每次灌浆的抬升量,成功地将电解槽沉降基础抬升复位。     

凤凰山地区蒲江-新津-德阳隐伏断裂反射波法地震勘探与断裂活动性研究

利用反射波法地震勘探确定了在凤凰山地区蒲江-新津-德阳隐伏断裂通过的具体位置以及断裂的规模和性质,证明了该断裂在向东俯冲的过程中错切了晚更新统沉积物,具有明显的第四纪活动性,对凤凰山台地的形成起到了一定的控制作用。地面地质调查及历史地震研究也证明蒲江-新津-德阳隐伏断裂具有晚更新世活动性,且断裂南段的活动性明显强于北段,表明该断裂的北段是成都平原内部的一条弱地震活动带。同时,文中还对在城市近郊人烟繁杂地带反射波法地震勘探中野外观测系统的布置及地震参数的选取进行了探索,小道间距、小偏移距、多接收道、短排列、多次覆盖、高频检波器接收的工作方法和野外地震参数的合理选取对实现主要干扰波和反射波信号的有效分离,提高地震勘探分辨率起到了至关重要的作用     

建筑密集区高倾角三维地震勘探效果

高倾角地区(地层倾角40～70°)一直是三维地震勘探的难题,特别是在地表建筑物极复杂区(占工区的95%)实施三维地震勘探,显得难度更大。本文从观测系统设计、炮点、检波器的特殊布设及特观设计上,论证了其可行性。对高倾角且建筑物密集区的三维地震勘探进行了探索,并取得了可喜的成果。     

潜孔锤跟管钻进技术在小浪底水利观测孔工程的应用

在黄河小浪底水利枢纽观测孔工程中,采用气动潜孔锤跟管钻进结合双动力头钻机成功地解决了普通气动潜孔锤及常规钻进工艺在厚度达50 m渣石层成孔难的问题。     

Application of remote sensing for investigating mining geological hazards

Abstract

To investigate geological mining hazards using digital techniques such as high-resolution remote sensing, a semi-automatically geological mining hazards extraction method is proposed based on the case of the Shijiaying coal mine, located in Fangshan District, Beijing, China. In the method, the vegetation is first removed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on the GeoEye-1 data. Then, geological mining hazards interpretation features are determined after color enhancement using principal component analysis (PCA) transformation. Bitmaps mainly covered by geological mining hazards are isolated by masking operation in the environment for visualizing images software. Next, each bitmap is classified into a two-valued imagery using support vector machine algorithm. In the two-valued imagery, 1 denotes the geological mining hazards, while 0 denotes none. Afterwards, the two-valued imagery is converted into a vector graph by corresponding functions in the ArcGIS software and no geological mining hazards regions in the vector graph are deleted manually. Finally, the correlation between factors (such as mining activity, lithology, geological structure, and slope) and geological mining hazards is analyzed using a logistic regression and a hazardous-area forecasting model is built. The results of field verification show that the accuracy of the geological mining hazards extraction method is 98.1% and the results of the hazardous-area forecasting indicate that the logistic regression is an effective model in assessing geological hazard risks and that mining activity is the main contributing factor to the hazards, while geological structure, slope, lithology, roughness of the surface, and aspect are the secondary.     

Moon-based Earth observation: scientific concept and potential applications

Although Earth’s surface parameters obtained from satellite data have become more and more precise, it is still difficult to guarantee temporal consistency and spatial continuity for large-scale geoscience phenomena. Developing new Earth observation platforms is a feasible way to improve the consistency and continuity of such data. As the planet’s only natural satellite, the Moon has special advantages as a platform for observing Earth, including long lifetime, whole disk view, tectonic stability and unique perspective. After presenting the observation geometry constructed by using the ephemeris, this paper mainly discusses the characteristics of a lunar platform and the proper Moon-based sensors, as well as the scientific objectives of Moon-based Earth observation. Solid Earth dynamics, the energy budget of Earth, Earth’s environmental elements and the Earth-space environment are four potential applications analysed in this paper.