日食电离层效应

本文分析了1987年9月23日日环食期间,我国14个电离层站和1988年3月18日日全食期间两个站的垂测仪和偏振仪记录,并综合50年代以来历次日食电离层效应的观测结果,证实:1.E层和F₁层光食效应明显,F₂层动力学效应显著;2.f₀F₂存在日食日值大于、小于或等于控制日值三种典型情况;3.TEC食变曲线有凹陷和不凹陷两种典型情况,甚至出现日食日值大于控制日值的异常现象. 本文对F₂层和外电离层的动力学特征作了定性讨论,认为:空间等离子体温度急剧下降和沿场扩散是F₂层和外电离层日食效应的最主要因素;而磁赤道上空等离子体的沿场扩散、“喷泉”效应,热层风和全（环）食带方位是影响位于磁赤道异常区各电离层站日食电离层效应的主要因素.     

CTM-302型三分量高分辨率磁通门磁力仪的研制与应用

本文主要介绍CTM-302型三分量高分辨率磁通门磁力仪的技术指标与用途,仪器的结构与工作原理,技术指标的测试与对比以及应用情况;并通过国内外同类型产品的技术指标对比表提供了各项指标的水平。     

Magnetics in geoexploration

The magnetic method is the oldest and one of the most widely used geophysical techniques for exploring the earth’s subsurface. It is a relatively easy and inexpensive tool to employ, being applicable to a wide variety of subsurface exploration problems involving horizontal magnetic property variations occurring from near the base of the crust to within the uppermost meter of soil. Successful applications of the magnetic method require an in-depth understanding of its basic principles and careful field work, data reduction, and interpretation. Commonly, interpretations are limited to qualitative approaches which simply map the spatial location of anomalous subsurface conditions, but under favourable circumstances the technological status of the method will permit more quantitative interpretations involving specification of the nature of the anomalous sources. No other geophysical method provides critical input to such a wide variety of problems. However, seldom does the magnetic method provide the complete answer to an investigation problem. As a result, it is generally used in concert with other geophysical and geological data to limit its interpretational ambiguities.     

太仓—奉贤北西向活动断裂带及其地震地质意义初探

根据晚新生代以来沉积建造、沉积环境、岩浆活动、岸线变迁、地貌及现代地震等资料判断,太仓—奉贤北西向断裂带是上海及邻近地区一条重要的活动性断裂构造带。     

Seismicity of the Koyna region and regional tectonomagmatism of the Western Margin (India)

Recent findings on the Meso-Cenozoic tectonomagmatism and deep-seated anomalous geophysical structures suggest a close linkage between the seismicity of the Koyna region, the Westernghat uplift (WG-U) and associated thermomechanical and fluid activities. The WG-U seems to be the result of late Cretaceous thermal mobilization, erosion of the Deccan trap cover and superposition of compressional stress. The association of seismicity with uplift seems to result from movement of deep-seated heat and fluids/volatiles along the edges (or boundary faults) of the uplift; because the force required for crustal deformation depends on the relief. Observed gradients in relief may be attributed to the differential erosion-rates and heat inputs, due to the time gap of 50 Ma in the break-ups and plume activities on the eastern and western sides and consequence magmatism. Further, the geology and tectonics strongly indicate that the western margin (WM) is a relic of a mobile arm (MA), that included Madagascar, and which formed a part of the Proterozoic mobile belt of greater India (fort>85 Ma). The mobile nature of the WM facilitates mantle upwellings and transient elevation of isotherms at depth, raising the possibility of intermittent metamorphism and greater deformation.Superposition of the ongoing compression and uplift-induced forces make local permeability and pore-fluid pressure vital in triggering the seismic slip over the Peninsular shield. Certain representative model calculations have been carried out to estimate change in the e.m. induction characteristics caused by an intermittent hydraulic connectivity. The results show a drop in the resistivity which could be a useful monitoring index. The close connection of uplift and fluid activity as discussed here seems applicable for other active parts of the South Indian Shield (SIS) also.     

Active and laboratory experiments in space plasma physics

This report focuses on active experiments in space as well as laboratory experiments which are directly related to space phenomena. The active experiments involve particle releases in the CRESS and AMPTE missions. Unexpected results such as the motion of the plasma triggered several interesting computer simulations and a laboratory experiment which will be reviewed. Critical Ionization Phenomena will be discussed in this context. A recent release over Arecibo was used to create a plasma lens to focus radiation from the HF heater beam. The higher power triggered several nonlinear processes. Advances in plasma sources and diagnostics have made it possible to scale many laboratory experiments. Discussed here are experiments on Alfvén waves generated by a localized source, 3D magnetic field line reconnection, three dimensional magnetized double layers and simulations of a tethered satellite.     

Changes of parameters of magnetic anisotropy of foliated rocks under pressure

Summary The changes of magnetic anisotropy under pressure were studied on a set of rocks with marked macroscopic stratification, collected from the Rjvíz borehole. The anisotropy parameters are relatively very stable under directional pressure, acting parallel with the rocks' bedding, and, on the contrary, significantly unstable under pressure acting perpendicular to the bedding. Systematically different magnitudes of stress sensitivity coefficients, , for parallel directional susceptibility were observed in both cases in the same types of rocks. The main cause is probably the different capability of transferring external stress to ferrimagnetics via the stratified non-magnetic matrix. With regard to magnetomechanical phenomena, therefore, a singel value of the stress sensitivity coefficient is insufficient to characterize rocks with a markedly anisotropic matrix.     

Early Holocene shore displacement and evidence of irregular isostatic uplift northwest of Lake Vänern, western Sweden

In the 1920's the Swedish geologist Lennart von Post found evidence of irregular early Holocene isostatic uplift in the region northwest of Lake Vänern in western Sweden. von Post based his conclusions on levellings of ancient shore lines. These were indirectly dated by pollen stratigraphical investigations in basins situated at approximately the same altitudes as the shore lines. To test von Post's hypothesis, we have adopted a different methodological approach. The sediments in twelve small lake basins, within five minor areas in this region, have been investigated with respect to when they became isolated from ancient Lake Vänern. Initially all the lake thresholds were levelled. Altitudes range between 165 and 96 m above sea level. By combining the results of mineral magnetic and diatom stratigraphical analyses it has been possible to determine the level in the sediment when the basin became isolated. The ¹⁴C age of this isolation level has been inferred from AMS dates based on the NaOH-soluble fraction of bulk sediment, partly with very low organic content. Altogether, 36 radiocarbon datings have been carried out, ranging from 10080 to 8800 ¹⁴C years BP. Pollen analyses, and subsequent correspondence analysis (CA) of all pollen spectra, were carried out around the isolation level in each basin as a complement to the AMS datings.If the region had been subject to irregular isostatic uplift, lakes at the same altitude in the five areas should have been isolated at different times. The AMS determined isolation ages, corrected according to CA of the pollen stratigraphy and compensated for the relatively higher rebound of the northerly situated sites support von Post's conclusion, from the beginning of this century, that the region northwest of Lake Vänern has been subjected to irregular isostatic uplift.     

利用高精度重磁法对“羊里磁异常”的解释探讨

"羊里磁异常"自1967年发现以来,由于所处地质环境为矽卡岩型铁矿成矿有利地段,且紧邻已知的温石埠铁矿,以及"羊里磁异常"规模较大且具备低缓磁异常的特点,一直受到地质界的广泛关注,地勘单位在该区做了大量的铁矿找矿工作,但对"羊里磁异常"勘查中一直未取得突破性进展,该文从高精度重磁角度对"羊里磁异常"进行了定量解释以及定量计算,并通过钻探验证等技术手段,进一步推断"羊里磁异常"是由古近纪含磁铁碎屑的砂砾岩以及闪长岩共同引起的,对该异常的认识更进了一步。     

高精度磁测在区域矿产调查中的应用—以1∶5万平里店、道头幅为例

根据山东省胶西北地区2幅1∶5万地面高精度磁测资料,对工作区内岩性界线、断裂构造进行了划分,取得了良好的效果,为研究以金为主的矿产成矿规律和圈定成矿预测区提供了地球物理信息。同时指出了高精度磁测在区域地质填图、断裂构造研究及区域成矿预测等方面的作用。