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81.
高岭石—莫来石反应系列:^27Al和^29SiMAS NMR研究 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:21
根据艰我国八个不同成因和特征的高岭土样品在450-1450℃热处理产物的MAS NMR谱和XRD,IR,DTA等研究结果,结合有关资料讨论了高岭石-莫来石反应序列的几个重要问题:1.高岭石的结构,尤其是五配位铝;2.980℃放热峰后的高温相是γ-Al2O3而不是Al-Si尖晶石;3.对于莫来石化过程,认为初始莫来石850-950℃变高岭石形成,二次莫来石由分凝的SiO2和γ-Al2O3在1200- 相似文献
82.
Magnetic anisotropy produced by magma flow: theoretical model and experimental data from Ferrar dolerite sills (Antarctica) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Volcanic rocks forming sills, dykes or lava flows may display a magnetic anisotropy derived from the viscous flow during their emplacement. We model a sill as a steady-state flow of a Bingham fluid, driven by a pressure gradient in a horizontal conduit. The magma velocity as a function of depth is calculated from the motion and constitutive equations. Vorticity and strain rate are determined for a reference system moving with the fluid. The angular velocity and the orientation of an ellipsoidal magnetic grain immersed in the fluid are calculated as functions of time or strain. Magnetic susceptibility is then calculated for a large number of grains with a uniform distribution of initial orientations. It is shown that the magnetic lineation oscillates in the vertical plane through the magma flow direction, and that the magnetic foliation plane changes periodically from horizontal to vertical. The results are compared with the magnetic fabric of Ferrar dolerite sills (Victoria Land, East Antarctica) derived from low-field susceptibility measurements. 相似文献
83.
The Darwin Rise has been proposed so many times and in so many forms and places that the time has come to make a more comprehensive examination of the region. Lying on the NW Pacific Plate between the Geisha Guyots, the Mid-Pacific Mountains, the equator, and the trenches, the region is roughly bounded by magnetic anomaly M20 (147 Ma). It was subjected to a massive outpouring of lava about 105 to 120 Ma, which created the guyots and seamounts in that region. Guyots are excellent tools for studying events of long ago because they eroded in the same lowstand in the Cretaceous and guyot relief, therefore, is a surrogate for paleo-sealevel. The relief is derived by subtracting the break depth of the summit plateau of a guyot from the regional depth. Guyot relief would necessarily be less in the center than to the periphery if the feature formed on a pre-existing rise, as has been postulated. The existence of a paleo-Darwin Rise would give concentric contours for the region in question. Of the sixty guyots used in this study, thirty-seven of these guyots were surveyed using SASS multibeam in the Marcus-Wake seamount group. Twenty-three guyots were surveyed using random track single-beam sonar surveys. An entirely different scenario is shown. Data revealed a major fracture passing through the area coevally or after the guyots formed. Because the depths to the summit are not the same now, vertical tectonics occurred after subaerial erosion. This means the fracture formed during and after the erosion (roughly 105 Ma) and influenced the normal sequence of events in guyot formation. Depending on how one deciphers trends through the Hess Rise morass, SASS bathymetry shows a continuation of the Surveyor/Mendocino fracture zone swarm inside the M20 region to the NE of these data. The fracture swarm continues to the western Pacific trench system. Based on this information, if the Darwin Rise ever existed, it had to have done so elsewhere. 相似文献
84.
Recovering magnetic susceptibility from electromagnetic data over a one-dimensional earth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
While the inversion of electromagnetic data to recover electrical conductivity has received much attention, the inversion of those data to recover magnetic susceptibility has not been fully studied. In this paper we invert frequency-domain electromagnetic (EM) data from a horizontal coplanar system to recover a 1-D distribution of magnetic susceptibility under the assumption that the electrical conductivity is known. The inversion is carried out by dividing the earth into layers of constant susceptibility and minimizing an objective function of the susceptibility subject to fitting the data. An adjoint Green's function solution is used in the calculation of sensitivities, and it is apparent that the sensitivity problem is driven by three sources. One of the sources is the scaled electric field in the layer of interest, and the other two, related to effective magnetic charges, are located at the upper and lower boundaries of the layer. These charges give rise to a frequency-independent term in the sensitivities. Because different frequencies penetrate to different depths in the earth, the EM data contain inherent information about the depth distribution of susceptibility. This contrasts with static field measurements, which can be reproduced by a surface layer of magnetization. We illustrate the effectiveness of the inversion algorithm on synthetic and field data and show also the importance of knowing the background conductivity. In practical circumstances, where there is no a priori information about conductivity distribution, a simultaneous inversion of EM data to recover both electrical conductivity and susceptibility will be required. 相似文献
85.
We derive two new types of invariant that must be obeyed by the radial magnetic field at the core-mantle boundary if the hypothesis of frozen flux is valid and the fluid motion is either toroidal or tangentially geostrophic there. These general invariants incorporate specific invariants that are already known and can, in principle, be tested using magnetic data that cover an interval of time. 相似文献
86.
Periodicity of magnetic intensities in magnetic anomaly profiles: the Cenozoic of the South Atlantic
Spectral analyses of several published magnetic anomaly profiles from Candé & Kent (1992a) were undertaken prior to analysing, in the same way, raw magnetic anomaly data from similar parts of the South Atlantic. It was found that similar and distinct medium and short wavelengths were present in both the published and raw data. When these are converted into the time domain using the average rate of spreading for each profile, these periodicities appear similar, possibly identical, to those expected from the long-term eccentricity orbital parameters (Fischer, DeBoer & Premoli Silva 1990). While such correlations are not necessarily causative, they suggest that magnetohydro-dynamical processes near the core-mantle boundary may be affected by gravitational changes due to planetary orbital perturbations. 相似文献
87.
Rayleigh hysteresis, as defined by the well-known Rayleigh relations, has been observed not only when magnetization of pyrrhotite-bearing KTB-samples is measured in parallel to a weak dc magnetic field, but also in experiments where field and measuring directions have been adjusted strictly perpendicularly to each other. Nine-tupels of independent Rayleigh hysteresis loops could thus be compiled. Their characteristic coefficients X ijk of initial susceptibility together with the Rayleigh loss coefficients αjk have been proved to determine completely the samples' weak-field magnetic anisotropy. Interpreting the coefficient matrices ( X ijk ) and (αjk ) as the tensor of initial susceptibility and the Rayleigh tensor, respectively, generalization of the isotropic Rayleigh relations in terms of corresponding tensor relationships has been suggested for the anisotropic case. Application to the KTB samples showed 3-D Rayleigh hysteresis measurements to be an excellent tool for rock magnetic analysis in terms of ore content and crystalline texture. In particular, a magnetocrystalline double texture of the basal planes of pyrrhotite precipitates and their [1120] directions of easy magnetization have been clearly detected. Surprisingly, the welt-known theorem α= const. X 2 I , formulated by Néel (1942) for the isotropic case, has been found to hold true even in tensor generalization (αjk ) = const ( X 2 jk ). To reach sufficient resolution for the measurements performed, a sensitive vibrating coil magnetometer (VCM) has been developed. 相似文献
88.
针对地下半空间存在三维异常体及覆盖层情况,计算了垂直磁偶极子的场,计算结果表明σ1与σ2接近时,覆盖层影响减小;σ1增加时覆盖层影响增大;对于不同的σ2/σ1值,场幅值对高频(f≥2kHz)和低频(f≤10Hz)都明显减小,只有在2kHz≥f≥10Hz之间,场幅值可达最大。还表明垂直磁偶极子的场具有较强的岩性识别和分层能力 相似文献
89.
简要概述了我国磁法勘探50年来的研究与进展,主要包括:地面、航空与海洋磁测工作,磁力仪研制与生产,磁异常处理与转换技术,磁异常解释理论与方法,岩石磁性研究,磁法勘探在基础地质研究、固体矿产勘查、油气勘查和其他领域中的应用. 相似文献
90.
低纬度地区(尤其是磁赤道附近)磁场化极是长期以来没有很好解决的问题。这里提出的方法只时常规化极稍加改进,通过时化极因子的频点偏移,避开无界点,使化极结果改善很大,甚至在赤道上也可以化极。它既有很高的精度,又因仍是在频率域内进行,故计算方便、快速,非常适合大面积的资料计算 相似文献