潜江盐湖盆地生储盖组合特征

潜江盐湖盆地是我国内陆独一无二的高盐度盐湖沉积盆地。本文在分析其岩性韵律特征的基础上,探讨了潜江盐湖生储盖组合特征。研究表明,潜江凹陷潜江组是在干湿频繁交替的古气候条件下,在高盐度、强蒸发、还原—强还原水体中,由北部单向碎屑物源及凹陷周缘卤水与盐源补给形成的盐系地层,岩性组合的有序变化形成了多套生储盖组合系统,不但反映出潜江盐湖沉积的特殊性和复杂性,而且具有十分优越的成油气地质条件。     

半干旱区内陆湖泊透明度高光谱估测模型研究——以松嫩平原查干湖为例

通过实测查干湖高光谱数据,建立透明度(Secchi Disk Depth,SDD)单波段估测模型、比值估测模型以及神经网络高光谱估测模型,并以确定性系数R2以及剩余残差RMSE为指标进行了验证.通过对单波段估测模型和比值估测模型进行比较发现,单波段模型估测结果与比值模型相差无几,而水体透明度经对数处理有利于模型精度提高,但是神经网络模型是三者中最优的.查干湖透明度高光谱定量估测模型的建立,有利于今后利用遥感影像,对查干湖水体透明度进行全面估测,对于研究和监测查干湖水体水质状况有重要意义.     

用小波包识别地震和矿震

在能检测到天然地震和矿震的区域，这两类地震的快速识别无论对于区域台网和矿区台网都具有现实意义。这两类震动都是非稳态信号，用传统的Fourier变换不能提取出信号的特征信息，小波包分析方法却能很好提取出信号的特征信息。本文提供了一种基于非参数识别算法，即把信号变换到频域，然后再用奇异值分解作为统计工具，提取出信号的特征信息，作为识别天然地震和矿震的识别因子。以辽宁抚顺2001年1月1日到2003年6月30的18个矿震和16个天然地震，以及北京门头沟2001年1月1日到2002年12月31日的15个矿震和14个天然地震为样本，提取出识别因子。最后，用其它的天然地震和矿震资料检验了识别因子的识别率。     

Sulfate Attack on Concrete in an Inland Salt Lake Environment

INTRODUCTIONSulfate attack is one of the reasons for concretestructures deteriorating earlier than usual,thusshowing poor durability.The SO42-from the sur-rounding environment such as ocean,saline,groundwater,and even the concrete itself,reacts with thehydration products of cement,whichleads to the de-terioration of the concrete(Li et al.,2000;Kang,1995;Neville,1983;Samarai,1976).The deteriora-tionincludes three processes:the external swelling,cracking,peeling,and disjointing caused by …     

西藏改则西北部喀湖错把拉湖区13kaBP以来的湖泊沉积与环境演化

通过对藏北喀湖错把拉湖区湖积剖面的研究,建立了该区13kaBP以来的沉积序列,并将13kaBP以来的气候划分为2个干冷期和2个湿润期。其中2个湿润期和第二旋回的干冷期可分别与北半球第一、二新高温期和第二新冰期大致对比,基本反映了末次冰消期以来全球气候变化的一般规律,青藏高原腹地对于全球气候变化的响应是比较敏锐的。     

洞庭湖镉迁移转化的马尔可夫模型评价

讨论了在现时泥沙、水体、鱼类、藻类的含镉状态下洞庭湖的输入输出通量；并以其为例，在简要介绍马尔可夫链数学方法的基础上，建立了湖泊生态系统中镉迁移转化的马尔可夫链数学模型，初步评价了当洞庭湖不断有镉加入、系统到达状态稳定时各种介质中的镉总量及镉的迁移转化趋势。     

滇西北德钦地区金沙江奔子栏古堰塞湖的发现及意义

在川滇交界的云南德钦奔子栏一带的金沙江河谷两岸,发现了发育于第四级阶地之下的湖相纹层状粘土层,其下为边坡碎屑流堆积,表明该湖相层为滑坡碎屑流堵江所形成的。采用U系法测年,获得金沙江右岸湖相粘土层上部和下部的年龄分别为55.4ka±3.5kaBP和82.1ka±6.6kaBP,左岸湖相粘土层为122.0ka±12.4kaBP,表明该古湖发育于晚更新世早中期。孢粉分析结果显示,该湖相粘土沉积期间的古植被为以松为主的常绿针叶林,气候温和较湿。该古堰塞湖的发现不仅对于研究金沙江的河流发育史具有指导意义,而且对了解现代大江大河灾难性地质灾害的形成演化具有重要的参考价值。     

Mineralogy and heavy metal content in sediments from Rio Gato,Carelmapu and Cucao,Southern Chile

In southern Chile, with a mild and rainy climate, high levels of heavy metals have been detected in many gold placer deposits. Many of the contaminants pose risks to human life, and consequently damage the trofic chain in this environment. The study zones selected correspond to the handicraft gold-bearing sands of Rio Gato (Los Muermos), Carelmapu and Cucao. These are all located in the X Region of “Los Lagos” in Chile. The type of methodology used in the characterization of the associated mineralization consists of testing each representative sample with a grain size distribution, statistical parameter analysis and a mineralogical analysis, using a binocular magnifying glass, a petrographic microscope, XRD and SEM/EDX. The chemical composition was defined by means of X ray fluorescence and micro-chemical analysis. The results of the study about sediments in southern Chile are presented. The major concentrations of heavy minerals are generally located in areas of dynamic river energy. In the samples, more than 70% of the heavy minerals were distributed among grain sizes corresponding to thin sand with good grain selection (meshes of 0.25–0.06 mm). The main mineral phases present in the analysed samples were gold, zircon, olivine, ilmenite, hornblende, hypersthene, hematite, garnet, chromite, chlorite, augite, amphibolitic-epidote, etc. The main heavy metals found as a result of the study were mercury, lead, cadmium, chrome, tellurium, indium, zinc, cobalt, copper, platinum, gold, etc., and as well some less common elements like cerium, praseodymium, gadolinium, neodymium, samarium and lanthanum. This research work is only a starting point for carrying out a risk probability mapping of heavy metals and the mineralogy of the Cucao, Carelmapu and Rio Gato gold-bearing sands.     

镁资源研究与开发述评之一──镁水泥的研究与盐湖的开发

简单概括了镁资源研究开发的状况,评述镁水泥研究的主要理论成果。指出以镁水泥为途径开发盐湖资源的重要性。同时表述了镁水泥研究领域的最新动态,指出当前镁水泥研究需要考虑的几个重大问题。     

Potential salinity limitations on nitrogen fixation in sediments from Mono Lake, California

Mono Lake is a hypersaline alkaline lake in the high altitude Great Basin desert of eastern California. Algal productivity of the lake is nitrogen-limited, and a contributing source is derived from benthic nitrogen fixation. Lake level and salinity have fluctuated with natural climatic variations but have also been affected by the diversion of tributary streams. This research examines the influence of varied salinity and lake level on the potential for benthic nitrogen fixation in Mono Lake. A sediment-surface microbial mat community was exposed directly, and in acclimated cultures, to a range of Mono Lake salinities under anaerobic incubations and the activity of nitrogenase assayed by acetylene reduction. Activity was stimulated in light, but also occurred in darkness. Over an experimental salinity range from 50 to 150 g L⁻¹ TDS, nitrogenase activity was reduced by 90 per cent, with the activity persisting at the highest salinity being attributable to dark fixation alone. Between a salinity of 50 g L⁻¹, occurring in Mono Lake over 50 years ago, and 100 g L⁻¹, nitrogenase activity was reduced by nearly half. Changes in the area of the littoral zone at varied lake levels also affect the total amount of potential benthic nitrogen fixation in the lake. An accounting of yearly inputs of nitrogen to Mono Lake suggests N₂-fixation could contribute as much as 76–81 percent of the total. Inhibition of nitrogen fixation rates by increased salinity could limit the long-term nutrient supply and benthic primary productivity of this ecosystem.