逆牵引背斜构造特征和成因

综述了许多学者对逆牵引背斜构造特征和形成机理的讨论。根据近年来对于渤海湾新近纪-第四纪盆地的研究,提出了一种新的解释,即逆牵引构造和伴生的简单或复杂y字形正断层组合是由于区域伸展作用下不同运动方式和差异位移产生的,并强调指出,逆牵引背斜构造与走滑作用产生的负花状构造在构造特征和成因上是不同的,不要把这两者混为一类构造。     

The unusual 3D interplay of basement fault reactivation and fault-propagation-fold development: A case study of the Laramide-age Stillwell anticline,west Texas (USA)

Subsurface fault geometries have a systematic influence on folds formed above those faults. We use the extraordinarily well-exposed fold geometries of the Laramide-age Stillwell anticline in west Texas (USA) to develop a strain-predictive model of fault-propagation fold formation. The anticline is a 10-km long, NW-trending, NE-vergent, asymmetric fold system with an axis that displays a map-view left-stepping, en echelon pattern. We integrated field observations, geologic and structural data, cross-sections, and 2D kinematic modeling to establish an unusual 3D two-stage model of contractional fold formation, including: 1) reverse reactivation of a pre-existing, NW-striking, SW-dipping, left-stepping, en echelon normal fault system in Paleozoic basement rocks to generate monoclinal flexures in overlying layered Cretaceous carbonate rocks; and 2) the formation of a subsequent flat-ramp fault system that propagated horizontally along a mechanically-weak, clay-rich Cretaceous unit before ramping up at the hinge of the pre-existing monocline system. Strain is focused within the forelimb of the system, in front of the propagating fault tip, and is accommodated by a combination of interlayer slip, flat-ramp faulting, and fracturing proximal to planes of slip. This strain predictive model can be applied to similar, less-well-exposed contractional systems worldwide and provides a new, unusual example of Laramide-age contractional deformation.     

黄陵背斜的构造几何形态及其成因探讨

黄陵背斜位于扬子克拉通的东缘,其核部出露的崆岭群被认为是扬予克拉通的基底岩石,并成为华南地质学研究的热点地区。从区域上看,黄陵背斜紧邻江汉盆地,东西两侧分别是荆当盆地与秭归盆地,黄陵背斜和周缘盆地构成明显的隆起—坳陷相互对应的构造。详细的野外观察和构造几何学的剖析表明,黄陵背斜的两翼西陡东缓,构成不对称背形的穹隆构造。在穹隆形成过程中,相应的岩石变形以顺层滑脱及相关的褶皱和小规模的逆冲断层为主,在早三叠世薄层灰岩、志留纪龙马溪组页岩、奥陶纪灰岩、寒武纪炭质灰岩以及震旦纪陡山沱组薄层灰岩广泛发育,并具有垂向缩短的重力滑脱特点,构造叠加关系指示了其形成于晚侏罗—早白垩纪之间。在构造变形分析的基础上,并深入探讨了黄陵背斜成因的3种可能的动力学背景。     

歧口凹陷构造特征

依据岐口凹陷最新5 280km2超大三维地震数据体等资料,对岐口凹陷构造样式进行研究并取得以下认识:歧口凹陷内断裂可分4个级别,断裂走向以略有不同、以NE向为主,剖面形态特征可以划分为平面状、铲式、坡坪式和复杂坡坪式4种基本形态;凹陷内识别出3种新近纪发育的主要火山构造样式:火山口构造、玄武岩岩席和玄武岩盘构造;新近纪歧口凹陷构造以潜山披覆背斜和走滑作用形成的花状构造为主,浅层构造在平面上呈3个环带状分布。     

准噶尔盆地南缘吐谷鲁背斜的构造解释与初步建模

通过对过吐谷鲁背斜地震剖面的构造解释,分析了吐谷鲁背斜深部构造的组合样式:深部断层在吐谷鲁处形成一构造三角带,导致对应的复合叠加褶皱的出现。在构造解释的基础上,利用地震主剖面与联络剖面的栅状图和地震主剖面的排列图,展示了组成吐谷鲁背斜的主要构造以及拟三维构造模型     

东海盆地西湖凹陷南部火成岩发育区G构造油气成藏特征

G构造是一个大型挤压反转背斜,位于西湖凹陷西南角的天台斜坡带火成岩发育区。由于目前对该区火山活动规律及后期油气保存等成藏演化条件认识不清,严重限制了天台斜坡带的油气勘探进程。通过对研究区地震资料进行解释,研究了G构造区火成岩的岩石学、年代学和时空分布特征,重建了火山活动、圈闭形成与油气成藏过程的关系。结果表明,G构造范围内发育的火成岩为中新世中期的浅层侵入岩、溢流相喷出岩和通道相火成岩,该火成岩的发育使得平湖组和花港组的地层碎裂化,由于该背斜核部存在早期火山通道,后期挤压形成的圈闭有效性差。龙井运动（中新世末期,5.3 Ma）至上新世三潭组沉积期,该背斜转折端发育了一系列近EW向次级断层,进一步破坏了圈闭的完整性。由于背斜翼部未受火成岩影响,该处的构造-岩性圈闭应该是下一步勘探的重要方向。     

辽宁义县萤石矿床成矿与构造的关系

辽宁义县地区的岩浆期后充填热液交代型萤石矿床的成矿质量与构造的型式和性质有着密切关系。研究证实,构造性质控制着形成萤石矿床的规模和质量。构造既是成矿热液运移通道,更重要的是提供有效的成矿贮矿空间。背斜构造成矿最好,成群出现近于平行的压扭性断裂构造破碎带次之,这两种性质的构造均能形成具有工业价值的萤石矿床。而张性(张扭性)构造破碎带中只能见到规模较小的萤石矿化。     

Predicting strain using forward modelling of restored cross-sections: Application to rollover anticlines over listric normal faults

A strategy to predict strain across geological structures, based on previous techniques, is modified and evaluated, and a practical application is shown. The technique, which employs cross-section restoration combined with kinematic forward modelling, consists of restoring a section, placing circular strain markers on different domains of the restoration, and forward modelling the restored section with strain markers until the present-day stage is reached. The restoration algorithm employed must be also used to forward model the structure. The ellipses in the forward modelled section allow determining the strain state of the structure and may indirectly predict orientation and distribution of minor structures such as small-scale fractures. The forward model may be frozen at different time steps (different growth stages) allowing prediction of both spatial and temporal variation of strain. The method is evaluated through its application to two stages of a clay experiment, that includes strain markers, and its geometry and deformation history are well documented, providing a strong control on the results. To demonstrate the method's potential, it is successfully applied to a depth-converted seismic profile in the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia. This allowed us to gain insight into the deformation undergone by rollover anticlines over listric normal faults.     

南海西北部莺歌海盆地WHJM36-9气田的储集性和流体特征

WHJM36-9构造位于莺歌海盆地中央泥底辟构造带的东南端,该构造是在红河断裂右旋走滑运动所派生的东西拉张应力下形成的近南北向泥底辟伴生构造,WHJM36-9气田即位于该构造上,属于一个由背斜和断层控制为主的构造型浅层气藏。气田各层构造高点基本重合,但深部构造幅度明显大于浅层;气田储层主要为第四系乐东组(QpL)和新近系上新统莺歌海组一段(N2Y1),其岩性主要为中细砂岩—泥质粉砂岩。通过对气田岩心物性分析及地质综合评价,第四系乐东组一段储层属高孔高渗—中低渗类型,乐东组二、三段及上新统莺歌海组一段属高孔中渗的储层类型,该区的低阻气层则主要属高孔中低渗储层类型;气田天然气中烃类以CH4为主,C2以上组分含量较少(0.49%~2.71%),属高熟干气藏;乐东组和莺一段地层水分别为CaCl2和NaHCO3水型;气田各气组具有不同的压力和气水系统,为正常压力系统。     

滇东罗平县雄武镇地区遥感蚀变信息提取及成矿预测

以含铁矿物和含羟基矿物在ETM数据的可见光-短波红外波段所具有的特征光谱为依据,在滇东雄武镇地区采用主成分分析的方法,选择适宜的主分量图像,对其进行均值滤波、密度分割等处理,获得了高值级、中值级和低值级3种级别的铁化和泥化蚀变异常信息。结合成矿地层、成矿构造、地球化学异常、重砂异常等多元信息,进行遥感成矿预测,提出铜钼汞和铜钼Ⅰ级成矿预测区各1个、铜锌Ⅱ级成矿预测区1个、锌砷锑和铁铜Ⅲ级成矿预测区各1个,从而为该区进一步开展普查找矿指出了方向。