秦岭—大巴山地区金属矿产成矿规律

秦岭—大巴山地区金属资源蕴藏丰富，成矿规律明显。剖析控矿条件，概括出优势金属资源的空间定位、成矿类型，归纳了成矿期，指明了小秦岭、熊耳山、伏牛山、汉（中）武（都）北（川）、凤（州）成（县）礼（县）、山（阳）柞（水）旬（阳）和商（南）洛（南）等七个成矿域，是查勘巨型或特大型矿产的地区。     

Mechanism of mineralization in the Changjiang uranium ore field,South China: Evidence from fluid inclusions,hydrothermal alteration,and H–O isotopes

The Changjiang uranium ore field, which contains >10,000 tonnes of recoverable U with a grade of 0.1–0.5%, is hosted by Triassic two-mica and Jurassic biotite granites, and is one of the most important uranium ore fields in South China. The minerals associated with alteration and mineralization can be divided into two stages, namely syn-ore and post-ore. The syn-ore minerals are primarily quartz, pitchblende, hematite, hydromica, chlorite, fluorite, and pyrite; the post-ore minerals include quartz, calcite, fluorite, pyrite, and hematite. The fluid inclusions of the early syn-ore stage characteristically contain O₂, and those of the late syn-ore and post-ore stage contain H₂ and CH₄. The fluid inclusions in quartz of the syn-ore stage include H₂O, H₂O–CO₂, and CO₂ types, and they occur in clusters or along trails. Homogenization temperatures (T_h) for the H₂O–CO₂ and two-phase H₂O inclusions range from 106 °C to >350 °C and cluster in two distinct groups for each type; salinities are lower than 10 wt% NaCl equiv. The ore-forming fluids underwent CO₂ effervescence or phase separation at ∼250 °C under a pressure of 1000–1100 bar. The U/Th values of the altered granites are lowest close to the ore, increase outwards, but subsequently decrease close to unaltered granites. From the unaltered granites to the ore, the lowest Fe₂O₃/FeO values become lower and the highest values higher. The REE patterns of the altered granites and the ores are similar to each other. The U contents of the ores show a positive correlation with total REE contents but a negative correlation with LREE/HREE ratios, indicating the pitchblende is REE-bearing and selectively HREE-rich. The δEu values of the ore show a positive correlation with U contents, indicating the early syn-ore fluids were oxidizing. The δCe values show a negative correlation, indicating the later mineralization environment became reducing. The water–rock interactions of the early syn-ore stage resulted in oxidization of altered granites and reduction of the ore-forming fluids, and it was this reduction that led to the uranium mineralization. During alteration in the early syn-ore stage, the oxidizing fluids leached uranium from granites close to faults, and Fe₂O₃/FeO ratios increased in the alteration zones. The late syn-ore and post-ore alteration decreased the Fe₂O₃/FeO ratios in the alteration zones. The δ¹⁸O_W–SMOW values of the ore-forming fluids range from −1.8‰ to 5.4‰, and the δD_W–SMOW values range from −104.4‰ to −51.6‰, suggesting meteoric water. The meteoric water underwent at least two stages of water–rock interaction: the first caused the fluids to become uranium-bearing, and the second stage, which was primarily associated with ore-bearing faults, led to uranium deposition as pitchblende, accompanied by CO₂ effervescence.     

东天山土屋-延东大型、超大型斑岩铜矿田成矿条件探讨

以东天山土屋-延东斑岩铜矿田为研究对象,在总结前人研究资料及进行针对性野外地质调查基础上,通过土屋-延东斑岩铜矿田成矿地质特征综合分析,对成矿构造背景、相关岩浆活动、围岩、成矿物质来源及成矿流体等进行探讨,获得初步认识.土屋-延东斑岩铜矿田主要形成于聚合板块活动时期陆缘构造岩浆活动带,与造山带汇聚阶段俯冲-碰撞作用有关...     

内蒙古赤峰地区安家营子金矿成矿流体研究

该金矿床产于晚燕山期安家营子二长花岗岩岩体内,受NNE向断裂带控制。矿化类型属蚀变岩型。矿物包裹体研冤表明,成矿流体为CO2-H2O-NaCl-KCl体系,来自安家营子花岗岩浆期后热液,其氢氧同位素组成分别为δD=-80.0~-96.5‰,δ18OH2O=4.5~5.7‰。主成矿期四个成矿阶段包裹体的均一温度和盐度分别为Ⅰ=340~360℃:Ⅱ=315~330℃,3.80~6.20 wt％／NaCl,CO2密度0.2~0.3 g／cm3;Ⅲ=245~285℃,3.5~4.5 wt％NaCl:Ⅳ=150~170℃,<2.0wt％NaCl。成矿流体盐度和CO2密度均较低。包裹体气相成分中(CH4 CO)／CO2<0.1,成矿环境为弱还原条件;液相成分中K Na 总量较高,K >Na 有利于碱质交代成矿作用。根据CO2包裹体获得资料计算,成矿压力为500~750×105Pa,成矿深度为2.0~2.5 km。流体控矿因素有水-岩反应、CO2与H2O-NaCl溶液不混溶和硫浓度降低等。其中以水-岩反应为主,它贯穿成矿全过程,控制原始成矿流体由碱性向弱碱性-弱酸性变化,使流体发生交代成矿作用。     

磷灰石对铀的吸附实验及其对相山矿田铀成矿意义探讨

相山铀矿田是典型的火山岩型热液铀矿田,在矿田内赋存的铀矿物主要有沥青铀矿、钛铀矿、铀钍石等,大量的水云母、磷灰石、赤铁矿、绿泥石、金红石、微晶石英等矿物与铀矿物密切共生。这些共生矿物的共同特征之一为颗粒细小,呈纳米级,非晶质,胶体性质显著。铀矿物大量分布于这些胶态共生矿物的表面和裂隙中（胡宝群,2011;王倩,2016）。可知,吸附作用是导致铀富集沉淀的重要机理之一。本文以磷灰石为例,通过宏观地质特征研究及实验模拟,探讨pH、温度、热液共存组分、时间等物理化学条件对磷灰石吸附铀的制约,进而探讨磷灰石的吸附性能对富大铀矿床形成的意义。     

从成矿构造动力学探讨脉状金矿床成矿深度

在综述国内外与韧性剪切带有关的脉状金矿床成矿动力学的新近研究成果后,根据成矿控矿构造动力学特征及其与成矿流体运移机制、矿物结晶特点的关系认为矿物结晶发生于地震微破裂导致成矿流体压力骤降后的低压力阶段,由矿物包裹体压力并按静岩压力梯度推算的成矿深度要明显小于矿床的实际成矿深度.本文提出一种新的成矿深度估算方法,其估算的成矿深度与目前大多数脉状金矿床中石英具有明显的韧性变形的特点相吻合.     

新疆富铁矿成矿特征及主攻类型成矿模式探讨

富铁矿资源是我国紧缺战略资源,远远不能满足我国钢铁生产需求.近年来新疆富铁矿找矿重大突破表明,富铁矿是新疆优势资源,是我国寻找富铁矿重点远景区.从新疆实际地质条件和成矿特征出发,初步形成植根于新疆实际的“新疆富铁矿成矿新理论及主攻类型的成矿模式”,并分别构建了“上叠裂谷火山岩型富铁矿成矿模式”、“沉积变质-热液加富型铁矿床成矿模式”和“海相沉积-加富型菱铁矿矿床成矿模式”.这些成矿新认识和新成矿模式在本区铁矿评价中广泛应用,取得很好效果,丰富了铁矿成矿理论,拓展了新疆铁矿找矿领域.     

新疆东部马庄山金矿成矿作用同位素年代学研究

马庄山金矿位于新(疆)甘(肃)边境。地质、地球化学研究表明,马庄山金矿床受马庄山古火山机构控制,与矿区内同期火山-次火山作用有直接的成因联系,成因类型为浅成中-低温热液型。次火山岩及含金石英脉年代学研究表明,马庄山火山机构形成时代与金矿成矿时代均为中-晚石炭世:次流纹斑岩和次英安斑岩全岩及含金石英细(网)脉石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄分别为301±21Ma、303Ma±26Ma和298Ma±28Ma(95%置信度)。     

粤北梅子窝钨矿区隐伏花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄与40Ar/39Ar成矿年龄及其地质意义

梅子窝钨矿位于粤北瑶岭—梅子窝钨矿带的东部,成矿作用同期形成白云母的40Ar/39Ar年龄为(155.9±0.6)Ma,与华南中生代燕山期大规模W,Sn成矿作用的年龄一致,代表梅子窝钨矿的成矿年龄。矿床下部600m中段附近出现的隐伏黑云母花岗闪长岩体的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为(430.4±3.6)Ma,为加里东期,与成矿作用无关。因此,矿区不存在前人提出的两套叠加的五层楼成矿模式。成矿年龄与隐伏花岗闪长岩的年龄显示梅子窝钨矿的形成可能与更深部的隐伏燕山期花岗岩有关,矿床向深部可能延伸更大。     

华南大规模低温成矿的主要科学问题

大面积低温成矿是全球独特的重要成矿事件。华南地区扬子地块西南部面积约50万平方千米的广大范围,低温矿床广泛发育,包括卡林型金矿床、MVT型Pb-Zn矿床和脉型锑、汞、砷等矿床,构成华南低温成矿域。该成矿域由川滇黔接壤区的Pb-Zn、右江盆地Au-Sb-As-Hg和湘中盆地Sb-Au等三个矿集区组成。其中的矿床主要赋存于沉积岩中,受断裂构造控制,形成于100~250℃的低温条件下。以往的研究取得了重要进展,但成矿时代、成矿动力学背景、成矿物质基础和成矿过程等关键科学问题一直悬而未决。近年的研究表明,这些矿床可能形成于200~230Ma(印支期)和130~160Ma(燕山期)两个时期,除川滇黔Pb-Zn矿集区由盆地卤水演化成矿外,其余两个矿集区的形成可能均受印支期和燕山期的深部岩浆活动驱动,尽管成矿流体中的水主要是大气成因地下水。本专题报道了近年来这些方面的最新研究进展,包括20篇文章,主要涉及这些低温矿床的地质地球化学特征、成矿时代、矿床成因和成矿动力学背景等。