High-resolution dating of Co-rich crusts: A comparative study using the methods of orbital pacing and <Superscript>230</Superscript>Th<Subscript>ex</Subscript>/<Superscript>232</Superscript>Th dating

Due to their slow growth rates, seamount Co-rich crusts are very difficult to date with high resolution and precision. This paper is to test the use of orbital pacing on the growth profile of crusts to determine high-resolution age and growth rate. Crust CB14 from the central Pacific Ocean was selected for this study. We first examined the growth pattern in detail under a reflected-light microscope and ascertained that the growth environment was stable for the sub-layer 1 (0–3 mm). We then used electron microprobe line-scanning to obtain elemental profiles. The pattern of the power spectrum analysis of the Al-profile revealed that there are significant cycles of 113.9, 87.8, 51.5, 42.2 and 25.8 μm. These cycles correspond to the Milankovitch cycles of 53.1, 41, 24, 19.7 and 12 ka, respectively, and yield the growth rate of about 2.14 mm/Ma and an age of about 1.40 Ma for the boundary between the sub-layer 1 and sub-layer 2. We also used a drilling machine with a numerically controlled drive to obtain high-resolution samples at 0.1mm intervals, and used the ²³⁰Th_ex/²³²Th method to date the samples. For the uppermost 1.3 mm, the growth rate was about 2.15 mm/Ma, and the age for the layer at the depth of 3 mm was about 1.40 Ma, which coincides perfectly with the results obtained from orbital pacing. Thus, it is considered that orbital pacing is a new and effective method to determine the growth rate of the seamount Co-rich crust. This method is applicable for establishing a high-resolution age frame for the crusts of the world’s oceans. Supported by China Ocean Mineral Resources R & P Association (Grant No. DY105-01-01-08) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40106005, 40476050)     

High-resolution dating of Co-rich crusts: A comparative study using the methods of orbital pacing and ~(230)Th_(ex)/~(232)Th dating

Due to their slow growth rates, seamount Co-rich crusts are very difficult to date with high resolution and precision. This paper is to test the use of orbital pacing on the growth profile of crusts to determine high-resolution age and growth rate. Crust CB14 from the central Pacific Ocean was selected for this study. We first examined the growth pattern in detail under a reflected-light microscope and ascertained that the growth environment was stable for the sub-layer 1 (0-3 mm). We then used electron mic...     

基于米兰科维奇理论的高精度旋回识别与划分--以南图尔盖盆地Ary301井中侏罗统为例

将天文轨道周期与不同级别的旋回联系起来,旨在使米兰科维奇周期这一高精度时间标尺纳入高频层序地层划分中,实现高精度旋回的识别与划分。以哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地Aryskum地堑Ary301井为例,基于不同沉积特征,分别对卡拉甘塞组I~IV段自然伽马测井数据进行频谱分析和连续小波变换,结果显示沉积地层中保存完好的米兰科维奇旋回,天文轨道周期对Aryskum地堑沉积过程具有明显影响,并将31.9~39.5 m旋回厚度解释为受400 kyr长偏心率周期控制,11.9~14.2 m,6.7~8.8 m旋回厚度分别受125 kyr和95 kyr短偏心率周期控制。对长、短偏心率周期进行滤波分析后,与天文模型理论周期曲线进行对比,建立卡拉甘塞组的浮动天文年代标尺,分别以400 kyr、125 kyr偏心率周期滤波曲线作为中期和短期旋回划分的参考曲线,共识别出11.5个中期旋回和47个短期旋回,为高频旋回划分提供了一种不受人为因素影响的天然标准,保证了研究区旋回划分的科学性和统一性。     

靖安油田延长组米兰柯维奇沉积旋回分析

对米兰柯维奇旋回理论进行了概述,认为米兰柯维奇天文轨道参数所诱导的旋回沉积序列普遍存在于地质记录中.用小波分析对鄂尔多斯盆地靖安油田延长组储层测井曲线数据进行了预处理,采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)进行了频谱分析,发现该储层中的沉积旋回主要受古气候变化的控制,由此确定了储层旋回厚度变化的周期并分析了米兰柯维奇旋回各因素对延长组储层旋回的影响,其中偏心率对该区沉积旋回的影响最大.     

东营凹陷牛38井始新统沙河街组三段米氏旋回的地层响应

地球围绕太阳的轨道要素周期性变化引起气候旋回变化,进而影响到地质历史中沉积物及生物面貌的旋回变化。牛38井始新统沙河街组三段旋回地层学研究表明,沉积物和古生物对404.8ka的天文偏心率旋回具有明显的响应特征。在一个偏心率旋回之内,随着地球围绕太阳公转轨道位置的变化,气候由热变冷再变热,古生物属种数量、沉积物粒度出现相应的的旋回变化。若以404.8ka偏心率旋回为单位来划分高频层序,可以保证所划分的地层具有异旋回性和严格的等时性。     

Orbitally forced sedimentary rhythms in the stratigraphic record: is there room for tidal forcing?

The imprint of orbital cycles, which result from the varying eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit and changes in the orientation of its axis, have been recognised throughout the Phanerozoic rock record. Variations in insolation and their effect on climate are generally considered to be the sole transfer mechanism between the orbital variables and cyclic sedimentary successions. Common oceanographic principles, however, show that the ocean tide also responds to variations in the orbital parameters. The ocean tide has not yet been considered to be a valid, additional transfer mechanism for the orbital variations. In geological studies of Milankovitch cycles in sedimentary successions the insolation paradigm offers satisfying explanations, and the role of long‐term variations of the ocean tide has not yet been appreciated. Variations in the ocean tide, related to changing eccentricity (at present 0·0165, theoretical maximum 0·0728), affect a variety of oceanographic and sedimentary processes. In addition to the widely accepted paradigm of orbitally forced insolation changes, the tidal transfer of orbital signals may explain certain less well‐understood aspects of orbitally induced cycles in the stratigraphic record related to ocean mixing, organic productivity, and tidal processes in shallow seas and deep water. Variations of the ocean tide in relation to the 18·6 year lunar nodal cycle, which has no insolation counterpart by which they may be obscured, indeed show that these relatively small variations can produce significant effects in sedimentary environments that are sensitive to variations in the strength of the ocean tide. In analogy with the 18·6 year lunar nodal cycle, orbital variations of the tide on Milankovitch time scales are likely to have affected sedimentary systems in the past.     

藏北雁石坪夏里组高频岩相旋回的驱动机制研究

Walsh频谱分析引用不连续的方波代替傅里叶频谱分析中连续的正弦波和余弦波,由于Walsh函数的不连续性,它广泛应用于地层旋回周期的检测。藏北雁石坪地区中侏罗统夏里组发育一套以砂岩、泥岩为主的高频岩相旋回,在地层颜色上也表现出较好的旋回性。对该组地层岩性和颜色进行Walsh频谱分析对比发现,岩性频谱曲线及颜色频谱曲线的主频周期与米兰科维奇旋回周期之间均具有极好的对应关系,认为海平面的周期性变化是夏里组高频岩相旋回的驱动机制。同时根据岩性旋回频谱和颜色旋回频谱计算得出夏里组的沉积速率约为0．111m／ka,沉积持续时间约为3．689Ma。     

东海陆架盆地下第三系高频层序分析

本文提出了进行高频层序分析的新思想和方法。根据米兰科维奇周期理论，利用自然伽玛测井曲线，采用傅立叶变换将曲线的量值域转换为频率域。分析每一个峰值频率的波长及其相互之间的比率关系，寻找那些波长比率与地史时期气候变化的旋回周期比率相同或相似的频率，从而捕获高频旋回信息。东海陆架盆地下第三系进一步细划出38个四级层序。利用捕获的米兰科维奇周期信息，进一步计算了高频层序沉积持续的时间和沉积速率。     

辽河凹陷东部桃园—大平房地区东营组层序地层及沉积特征

采用测井和地震资料及米兰科维奇旋回相结合的方法,对辽河盆地东部凹陷桃园—大平房地区东营组层序地层进行研究,把该区东营组划分为3个三级层序(Sq1、Sq2、Sq3)。通过对自然伽马测井曲线进行频谱分析,发现地层中保存着厚度稳定的地层旋回,地层旋回厚度的变化范围为15.625~25.510 m,且其主要受米兰科维奇旋回的偏心率控制。据此,采用F ischer图解法,求取其可容空间变化速率曲线,指导层序的正确划分。根据单井相、地震相和砂体形态等综合研究的结果,确定Sq1为扇三角洲沉积,Sq2和Sq3为河流相沉积,为有利储层分布预测打下基础。     

神狐海域水合物钻探区第四纪米氏旋回高频层序地层划分

基于高分辨率2D地震资料,建立了珠江口盆地白云凹陷第四纪层序地层格架,将第四纪沉积充填序列划分为3个体系域,即低位体系域(LST)、海侵体系域(TST)、高位体系域(HST)。根据陆坡进积特征和地层叠加样式、垂向上侵蚀特征变化(其上见下切水道)、中频强振幅同相轴的空间可追踪性等地震反射特征,将高位体系域(HST)进一步划分为两个沉积旋回单元HST-I、HST-Ⅱ。在等时地层格架的约束下,以神狐海域水合物钻探区well-I钻井作为研究对象,选择自然伽马曲线(GR)通过频谱分析进行米兰科维奇旋回特征的研究,识别出偏心率周期(95 ka)、斜率周期(40 ka)和岁差周期(22、19ka)。研究区第四纪沉积充填序列主要受偏心率周期(95 ka)的控制,偏心率(95 ka)对应于旋回厚度11.494 m,以此周期和对应的旋回厚度计算出钻探区第四纪沉积速率为12.1 cm/ka。通过构建滤波器对测井曲线进行滤波处理,发现95 ka的偏心率控制的优势旋回个数在20个左右。对斜率周期(40 ka)识别出的高频旋回采用Fischer图解法求取其可容纳空间变化曲线,检验了高精度层序地层划分的正确性。