松辽盆地松科1井上白垩统烃源岩有机碳含量与沉积速率的关系*

与海相盆地相比,陆相湖盆沉积物TOC和沉积速率关系的研究尚处于探索阶段,尤其是在沉积作用对TOC的控制机理研究方面还有待深入。首先运用旋回地层学方法,识别了松科1井南孔上白垩统天文周期,并利用滑动窗口频谱分析方法计算了各窗口的沉积速率及对应的TOC值。以姥鲛烷和植烷(Pr/Ph)比值作为氧化还原条件的指标,以介形虫壳体的δ¹³C作为古生产力大小的指标,对不同环境和不同古生产力条件下TOC和沉积速率的关系进行了探讨。研究表明: 在还原环境下,TOC主要取决于古生产力高低,而沉积速率的影响相对较小,当古生产力较高时,TOC值一般大于1%;反之,TOC值小于1%。但在氧化环境、低古生产力条件下,TOC随着沉积速率先增大后减小,其临界值为11,cm/ka。     

Climatic Versus Tectonic Control on Storm Cyclicity in Mesoproterozoic Koldaha Shale, Vindhyan Supergroup, Central India

The 1.2 Ga-old Koldaha shale, central India reveals three orders of depositional cyclicities in its basal storm-dominated shelf succession. Visual appraisal as well as Fourier and MEM analyses concurs in this respect. Only the major storm events at intervals of a few thousands of years have left recognizable imprints. Interbedding of storm sandstones and fairweather shales is apparently climate-controlled. Packaging of about seven such climatic cycles results the second-order cyclicity befitting eccentricity cycles of contemporary scale. Nonetheless, for the erratic storm bed-thickness trends within the cycles some other factor/s might have played a role. The third order cycles are, more dominantly, correlatable with basinal tectonics.     

泌阳断陷下第三系核三上段高频层序中米兰柯维奇天文旋回信息

古气候是影响陆相层序发育的一个重要因素,其周期性变化是源于天文旋回的驱动力（即米兰柯维奇假说）。米兰柯维奇天文旋回包括偏心率旋回、倾斜率旋回和岁差旋回,这几个轨道参数所驱动的古气候变迁,分别形成了周期为１０万年（或４０万年）、４万年及２万年的高频层序,即小层序组、小层序及小层单元,研究结果表明,泌阳断陷湖盆的高频层序是由地球轨道旋回所驱动的古气候周期性变迁所形成的。     

第四纪冰期成因的讨论

根据近年来大量资料和信息及野外实地考察,笔者对第四纪冰期成因进行了讨论,文中引述大量资料表明:米兰柯维奇为冰期形成理论找到了确切的地质证据,天文因素与地壳变动及反馈作用的叠加是目前对第四纪冰期形成原因的最圆满的解释;并对大陆冰流次数与深海沉积所反应的冰期旋回的关系进行了探讨。     

Two Necessary Conditions for the Glacial-Interglacial Cycles in the Quaternary

Milankovitch Theory shows that glacial-interglacial cycles in the Quaternary are related to the variation of solar insolation forcing linked to the earth's astronomical parameters.However,the summer insolation at northern high latitudes,usually considered as the main external forcing for the ice age as Milankovitch pointed out,is marked by the 19- and 23-ka precession periodicities,which is not consistent with the glacial-interglacial cycles.On the other hand,recent studies indicate that the annual mean ...     

Devonian Frasnian-Famennian Transitional Milankovitch Cycles and High-Resolution Stratigraphic Correlation

Four hierarchical cyclothems, superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae, have been identified from the Devonian Frasnian-Famennian carbonate strata in Guangxi, South China. Their hierarchical structures, ratio relationships and sequence in conodont zones are continuous and stable and can be traced across different facies zones and sedimentary basins. Our data show that hierarchically organized superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae correspond to the long eccentricity, eccentricity, obliquity or precession and sub-Milankovitch cycles respectively. Their periods were 400,000, 100,000, 33,333, 16,667 and 8,000-17,000 a, respectively. The ratios of long eccentricity to eccentricity, eccentricity to obliquity, and eccentricity to precession in the Devonian are 1:4, 1:3 and 1:6 respectively. Using these hierarchical Milankovitch cyclothems, chronostratigraphical division and correlation can be realized at a resolution of 100 ka or 10 ka at the Frasnian-Famennian transition. The time intervals     

Cosmogenic nuclide chronology of pre-last glacial maximum moraines at Lago Buenos Aires, 46°S, Argentina

At Lago Buenos Aires, Argentina, ¹⁰Be, ²⁶Al, and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages range from 190,000 to 109,000 yr for two moraines deposited prior to the last glaciation, 23,000–16,000 yr ago. Two approaches, maximum boulder ages assuming no erosion, and the average age of all boulders and an erosion rate of 1.4 mm/10³ yr, both yield a common estimate age of 150,000–140,000 yr for the two moraines. The erosion rate estimate derives from ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al concentrations in old erratics, deposited on moraines that are >760,000 yr old on the basis of interbedded ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dated lavas. The new cosmogenic ages indicate that a major glaciation during marine oxygen isotope stage 6 occurred in the mid-latitude Andes. The next five youngest moraines correspond to stage 2. There is no preserved record of a glacial advance during stage 4. The distribution of dated boulders and their ages suggest that at least one major glaciation occurred between 760,000 and >200,000 yr ago. The mid-latitude Patagonian glacial record, which is well preserved because of low erosion rates, indicates that during the last two glacial cycles major glaciations in the southern Andes have been in phase with growth and decay of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, especially at the 100,000 yr periodicity. Thus, glacial maxima are global in nature and are ultimately paced by small changes in Northern Hemisphere insolation.     

鄂尔多斯地区南缘奥陶纪层序地层及海平面变化

鄂尔多斯地区南缘奥陶纪可划分为１２个层序（ｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓ）．本区奥陶纪地壳演化正处于重要关键时期，早奥陶世（冶里－亮甲山期、马家沟期、峰峰期）为被动大陆边缘，划分为７个层序．海平面突然上升，尔后逐渐下降．中、晚奥陶世（赵老峪期、上店期）演化为主动大陆边缘，可划分为５个层序．海平面就鄂尔多斯地区整体而言发生大规模海退，露出海面．但就鄂尔多斯地区南缘则海水突然加深，随后海平面渐渐下降．晚奥陶世卡拉道克世末鄂尔多斯地区海水全部退出．     

用数值模拟方法研究第四纪古气候──以LLN二维模式为例

本文着重介绍LLN模式对中晚第四纪大陆冰量变迁的模拟研究。由于天文学研究已经推算出大气层顶部太阳辐射过去和将来的长期变化，因而对本文的LLN二维模式而言，能否有效地进行古气候模拟在很大程度上取决于对古CO₂浓度的重建。随着对第四纪CO₂历史研究的不断深入，LLN模式对古气候长期变迁的模拟已从最初的末次冰期－间冰期延伸到0.6Ma B.P..。模拟的大陆冰量变化与地质记录对比良好，二者在与地球轨道要素有关的天文频率上的波动具有很高的相关性。     

Global climatic changes since the last glacial maximum: evidence from paleolimnology and paleoclimate modeling

Recognition that Earth/Sun orbital changes are the basic cause for Quaternary climatic variations provides a context for explaining global environmental changes, many of which are preserved in the stratigraphic and geomorphic record of lakes. Paleoclimatic numerical models suggest the mechanisms. In subtropical latitudes such as North Africa the enhanced summer insolation culminating about 10 000 years ago resulted in the increased monsoonal rains that explain the widespread expansion of lakes in now-desert basins. But in the American Southwest lake expansion dates to 18 000–15 000 years ago, when storm tracks were displaced to the south by the ice sheets—themselves a product of earlier orbital changes. The dynamics in the resopnse of different components of the natural system to climatic change are recorded in the stratigraphy of lake sediments, not only by their pollen content as a manifestation of the regional vegetation but also by their microfossils and chemical composition as reflections of lake development.This is the 10th in a series of papers published in this special AMQUA issue. These papers were presented at the 1994 meeting of the American Quaternary Association held 19–22 June, 1994, at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Dr Linda C. K. Shane served as guest for these papers.