The August 2007 Heat Wave in North Carolina: Meteorological Factors and Local Variability

August 2007 was an exceptionally warm month across North Carolina. Hundreds of daily maximum and daily high minimum temperature records, as well as numerous all-time temperature records, were either tied or broken during the month. At the same time, a drought of historic proportions overspread much of the Southeast United States. A critical aspect of the August 2007 heat wave was the observed variability in heat and humidity across the different geographic regions of North Carolina. The highest maximum temperatures occurred most frequently in the Piedmont and Sandhills regions, while minimum temperatures were exceptionally high along the coast. The broad-scale pattern of heat can be tied to adiabatic warming associated with subsidence downstream of a persistent upper-level ridge centered over the Mississippi River Valley. Regional to local variations in the heat and humidity across North Carolina are linked to upwind sensible heat fluxes associated with major soil moisture deficits, adiabatic warming connected with downsloping winds off the Appalachian Mountains, and the depth of the mixing layer. Along the coast, the pattern of heat and humidity was tied to the positioning of a mesoscale thermal trough and the presence and strength of the sea-breeze circulation.     

2011年3月云南一次寒潮天气过程分析

2011年3月15日～18日是一次典型的南支槽与强冷空气相结合的天气过程,此次过程对云南省造成了强降温雨雪天气.为了研究此次天气过程的成因以及为今后类似天气过程提供预报思路,利用6h间隔的NECP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料和TBB黑体亮温资料,对此次天气过程进行天气学分析和诊断分析.分析结果表明:500hPa高度上中高纬度呈横槽型,横槽与高原东侧的低槽连接,槽后强劲的西北气流为这次寒潮天气过程带来强冷平流;南支槽的东移并加强使暖湿气流不断向云南境内输送;高低层冷暖气流交汇,低层切变线、地面冷锋的持续作用触发了此次降温雨雪天气.     

两次冷空气过程对西北太平洋海况影响的对比分析

利用NCEP FNL、ECMWF的预报资料、NMWW3(Multi-grid WAVEWATCHⅢ)模式的后报海浪资料和JMH气象传真,对2010年1月东亚的两次冷空气过程进行了对比分析,详细分析了天气形势和对西北太平洋海况的影响,揭示了影响程度差异的本质。对比分析表明:长波槽在东亚大槽气候位置的维持有利于西北太平洋发生恶劣海况;孟加拉湾上空南支槽的增强,下游半个波长处副高脊增强,进一步加强我国东部地区500 hPa上的西南气流,造成冷空气南侵减弱;EC-MWF对两次冷空气过程高低空96 h和168 h形势预报准确,240 h的海平面形势预报也有较高的参考价值。     

正演技术在地震解释中的应用

地震解释中,标定、地震解释属性提取时时窗的选取、断裂解释都存在一些主观的不确定性。针对这些问题,模拟实际地震资料的视主频和频宽,采用雷克正子波,进行了正演研究。研究表明：剖面上厚层泥岩／厚层砂岩组合方式、砂层的顶界正对着波峰,这时要获得更多砂岩的信息,提取属性选择时窗应该在波峰下取时窗;大套泥岩中的5m砂和10na砂提取属性选择时窗应该在波峰以下取时窗;大套泥中的15m砂岩、20m砂岩和25m砂岩应以波峰对称来开时窗;剖面上厚层砂岩／厚层泥岩组合方式,泥层的顶界将会正对波谷,此可作为标定时的第二标志层;大断面下往往会出现近断面相位上提、远断面下拉,从而造成断裂假象;煤层（低速）横向相变或突变,将会在相变处或突变处造成断裂解释误区。这些认识应用效果良好。     

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South Asian high and Asian-Pacific-American climate teleconnection

Growing evidence indicates that the Asian monsoon plays an important role in affecting the weather and climate outside of Asia. However, this active role of the monsoon has not been demonstrated as thoroughly as has the variability of the monsoon caused by various impacting factors such as sea surface temperature and land surface. This study investigates the relationship between the Asian monsoon and the climate anomalies in the Asian-Pacific-American （APA） sector. A hypothesis is tested that the variability of the upper-tropospheric South Asian high （SAH）, which is closely associated with the overall heating of the large-scale Asian monsoon, is linked to changes in the subtropical western Pacific high （SWPH）, the midPacific trough, and the Mexican high. The changes in these circulation systems cause variability in surface temperature and precipitation in the APA region. A stronger SAH is accompanied by a stronger and more extensive SWPH. The enlargement of the SWPH weakens the mid-Pacific trough. As a result, the southern portion of the Mexican high becomes stronger. These changes are associated with changes in atmospheric teleconnections, precipitation, and surface temperature throughout the APA region. When the SAH is stronger, precipitation increases in southern Asia, decreases over the Pacific Ocean, and increases over the Central America. Precipitation also increases over Australia and central Africa and decreases in the Mediterranean region. While the signals in surface temperature are weak over the tropical land portion, they are apparent in the mid latitudes and over the eastern Pacific Ocean.     

地电场多极距观测的异常识别和分析

以上海地区的3个地电场观测台站的资料为例,结合地电场多极距观测原理对地电场信号异常进行识别分析。结果表明,利用地电场多极距观测装置系统和分析方法可以有效识别并区分地电场观测中的电极极化干扰、雷击干扰、高压直流输电干扰、电离层扰动干扰和自然电场异常等信号。     

Gas hydrate saturation at Site C0002, IODP Expeditions 314 and 315, in the Kumano Basin,Nankai trough

The degree of gas hydrate saturation at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0002 in the Kumano Basin, Nankai Trough, was estimated from logging‐while‐drilling logs and core samples obtained during IODP Expeditions 314 and 315. Sediment porosity data necessary for the calculation of saturation were obtained from both core samples and density logs. Two forms of the Archie equation (‘quick‐look’ and ‘standard’) were used to calculate gas hydrate saturation from two types of electrical resistivity log data (ring resistivity and bit resistivity), and a three‐phase Biot‐type equation was used to calculate gas hydrate saturation from P‐wave velocity log data. The gas hydrate saturation baseline calculated from both resistivity logs ranges from 0% to 35%, and that calculated from the P‐wave velocity log ranges from 0% to 30%. High levels of gas hydrate saturation (>60%) are present as spikes in the ring resistivity log and correspond to the presence of gas hydrate concentrations within sandy layers. At several depths, saturation values obtained from P‐wave velocity data are lower than those obtained from bit resistivity data; this discrepancy is related to the presence of free gas at these depths. Previous research has suggested that gas from deep levels in the Kumano Basin has migrated up‐dip towards the southern and seaward edge of the basin near Site C0002. The high saturation values and presence of free gas at site C0002 suggest that a large gas flux is flowing to the southern and seaward edge of the basin from a deeper and/or more landward part of the Kumano Basin, with the southern edge of the Kumano Basin (the location of site C0002) being the main area of fluid accumulation.     

利用单基准站改正信息和电离层参数估计的单频PPP算法

利用单个基准站提供的改正信息对流动站的单频观测值数据进行改正,同时引入电离层参数进行实时电离层延迟估计,进行单频精密单点定位（PPP）计算。相比传统的单频PPP方法,本文方法对单频PPP的收敛速度和定位精度都有很大的提高,定位精度优于2cm,且受基准站距离的影响较小。     

层析反演与神经网络方法在电离层建模及预报中的应用

将香港地区某天由电离层层析反演得到的电子密度值分成6组,利用神经网络方法对该6组数据分别进行了拟合建模及预报。实验结果表明,采用电离层层析技术并经神经网络模型预报得出的电子密度值精度明显高于由IRI2007模型提供的电子密度值,其预报的30min及60min的电子密度值精度可分别达到0.45TECU和1.34TECU。