DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOON SPIRAL CLOUD BAND AT SEA WITH SSM/I IMAGE

This paper describes the characteristics of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP),analyzes absorbing,re-emitting and scattering effects of the atmospheric particles (especially cloud particles and rain drops).The inner physical cause of typhoon's representative form on microwave images is revealed.An index of particle size is then induced as such:Symmetrically inverse channel 85H's (85H is an abbreviation for channel 85.5 GHz in horizontal polarization,see Table 1 in the text.) absorption segment and put it into the extension of the scattering segment.The precipitation index was formed as the average of three elements:normalized 19H,normalized 37H,and inversed normalized 85H.It is approved that the image of particle size index overcomes some shortcomings of the single raw channel,such as:37H is not sensitive to large rain drops,85H is not sensitive to mid-size rain drops and can reveal typhoon's spiral structure more clearly.     

Microwave brightness temperature imaging and dielectric properties of lunar soil

Among many scientific objectives of lunar exploration, investigations on lunar soil become attractive due to the existence of He³ and ilmenite in the lunar soil and their possible utilization as nuclear fuel for power generation. Although the composition of the lunar surface soil can be determined by optical and γ/X-ray spectrometers, etc., the evaluation of the total reserves of He³ and ilmenite within the regolith and in the lunar interior are still not available. In this paper, we give a rough analysis of the microwave brightness temperature images of the lunar disc observed using the NRAO 12 meter Telescope and Siberian Solar Radio Telescope. We also present the results of the microwave dielectric properties of terrestrial analogues of lunar soil and, discuss some basic relations between the microwave brightness temperature and lunar soil properties.     

A microwave digestion technique for the extraction of fossil diatoms from coastal lake and swamp sediments

This study provides an introduction to a microwave digestion technique for the extraction of fossil diatoms from sediments. The microwave technique is compared with the standard diatom extraction technique of Battarbee (Diatom analysis. In: Berglund B.E. (ed.), Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology. John Wiley and Sons) that uses a combination of dilute hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide and the advantages and disadvantages of their use are discussed. The results suggest that the microwave technique is fast, inexpensive and most importantly produces replicable fossil diatom assemblage data. Small samples sizes are used (0.3 g) for the microwave method thus lower quantities of chemicals are required (6 ml), which significantly decreases the cost of sample processing. Our results show that the microwave digestion technique is a viable alternative that will produce similar results within a shorter period of time.     

微波遥感的特点和进展

本文介绍了微波遥感的特点及其巨大的应用潜力，并分析了合成孔径雷达技术发展过程和应用中有待继续研究的问题。     

非均匀有耗媒质层介电常数剖面和电导率剖面的重建

本文从微波网络的观点出发，在高频近似下，导出了非均匀有耗媒质在ＴＥ波和ＴＭ波入射时反射系数的近似解析表达式，进而获得重建媒质介电常数剖面和电导率剖面的解析反演公式。研究表明，当媒质的损耗为零时，本文公式退化成无耗媒质的重建公式（１－４）。重建实例证明了本文方法的有效性。     

航空遥感测量海面油膜厚度的研究

本文根据3层介质微波辐射的基本原理,分析计算了各介质和环境参数对油膜厚度的影响大小,并以此为依据探讨了确定各参数的方法。通过露天水池试验给予验证。提出了在单波段(8mm)固定天线微波辐射计获取海水区与油膜区天线亮(度)温(度)两参数条件下的航空遥感南海海面油膜厚度计算模式,海上航空遥感测量实验与模式计算结果基本符合。     

基于地基微波辐射计遥感的天津大气水汽和液态水特征

利用2013年3月至2017年2月天津西青地基35通道微波辐射计观测资料,分析天津地区大气水汽和液态水特征。结果表明：天津地区各季节积分水汽和积分液态水的日变化趋势基本一致,均呈单峰型日变化特征,其中夏季最大,秋季次之,冬季最小。各季节积分水汽最大值出现在23：00时（北京时,下同）的概率均明显大于其他时次,夏季和冬季的积分液态水的最大值出现在14时的概率最大,春季和秋季分别出现在10时和13时的概率最大。天津地区水汽密度由地面至3.5 km处逐渐减小,递减梯度由夏季、秋季、春季和冬季的顺序依次增大,各季节从1.5 km往上日变化均不明显。1 km以下,春季、夏季和秋季平均水汽密度的日变化曲线呈双峰型,主峰值分别出现在08时、11时和12时左右。冬季呈单峰型变化,峰值区出现在12-16时。液态水密度随高度分层变化,夏季的液态水密度大值区（0.08-0.14 g·m^-3）为5-6 km,在18-20时出现最大值。秋季、春季和冬季液态水密度的大值区出现的高度为1.5-3.5 km,但数值依次减小,春季和冬季的最大值出现在05时前后,秋季则出现在02时左右。另外天津地区水汽、液态水与温度和降水量的变化趋势基本一致,除夏季06-18时及冬季部分时次外,水汽与温度呈正相关。液态水与温度相关性较差,但与降水量呈正相关,全年液态水与降水量夜间的相关性大于白天。     

气动雾化进样-微波等离子体炬质谱法快速测定水样中的钙离子

环境水样中金属元素的分析通常采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),检出限低、线性范围宽,但仍存在使用功率高、耗气量大、分析成本高以及不适用于现场分析等不足。本文为降低金属元素分析成本,建立了微波等离子体炬(MPT)与有机质谱耦合的方式检测水样中钙离子的新方法。详细探究了载气流速和维持气流速对钙离子响应信号的影响,方法检出限为224.56 ng/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~9.8%,加标回收率在86.3%~110.4%之间。本方法无需样品预处理,分析速度快、灵敏度和精确度高,为环境水样中金属离子的测定提供了新途径,有望应用于金属离子的实时在线分析。     

中国区域多种微波遥感土壤湿度产品质量评估

以自动土壤水分观测站土壤湿度作为验证数据, 对2012年中国区域ASCAT、WINDSAT、FY3B、SMOS 4种微波遥感土壤湿度产品按省份进行了评估研究。结果表明:ASCAT质量最优, 在中国大多数地区与观测数据的相关系数较高, 归一化标准偏差较小。WINDSAT其次, 质量优于FY3B, 而SMOS在中国大部分地区质量差, 受无线电频率干扰严重。4种产品在中国西北地区表现均略好, 如山西、陕西、宁夏等省区。研究还发现, 同一卫星土壤湿度产品在同一季节, 不同地区评估质量不同, 这可能与不同地区的地表植被覆盖类型有关。     

Construction of surface wind stress fields with high temporal resolution using ERS-1 scatterometer data

Wind stress fields with high temporal resolution over the North Pacific have been constructured by using ERS-1 scatterometer data. A simple objective analysis, a successive correction method, was used to construct the fields. Several necessary parameters used in the method are examined by a simulation based on the climatological data. The meridional decorrelation scale of the wind stress depends strongly on the season, while the zonal decorrelation scale is highly stable. We determined the decorrelation scale depending on the location and the time and applied to the successive correction method. The monthly mean field constructed by averaging the daily mean data is free from an aliasing error, which is a serious problem if a simple monthly averaging is applied. The daily wind stress data obtained in the present study represent small time- and spatial-scale variation and large amplitudes compared with data interpolated from simple monthly mean data. The satellite-derived data are also compared with in situ data obtained by meteorological buoys. The satellite wind speeds are lower than in situ wind speeds for every buoy. This underestimation is not due to the present objective analysis, but due to the original data, the ERS-1 Scatterometer Value-Added Product.