微波遥感的特点和进展

本文介绍了微波遥感的特点及其巨大的应用潜力，并分析了合成孔径雷达技术发展过程和应用中有待继续研究的问题。     

航空遥感测量海面油膜厚度的研究

本文根据3层介质微波辐射的基本原理,分析计算了各介质和环境参数对油膜厚度的影响大小,并以此为依据探讨了确定各参数的方法。通过露天水池试验给予验证。提出了在单波段(8mm)固定天线微波辐射计获取海水区与油膜区天线亮(度)温(度)两参数条件下的航空遥感南海海面油膜厚度计算模式,海上航空遥感测量实验与模式计算结果基本符合。     

气动雾化进样-微波等离子体炬质谱法快速测定水样中的钙离子

环境水样中金属元素的分析通常采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),检出限低、线性范围宽,但仍存在使用功率高、耗气量大、分析成本高以及不适用于现场分析等不足。本文为降低金属元素分析成本,建立了微波等离子体炬(MPT)与有机质谱耦合的方式检测水样中钙离子的新方法。详细探究了载气流速和维持气流速对钙离子响应信号的影响,方法检出限为224.56 ng/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~9.8%,加标回收率在86.3%~110.4%之间。本方法无需样品预处理,分析速度快、灵敏度和精确度高,为环境水样中金属离子的测定提供了新途径,有望应用于金属离子的实时在线分析。     

环境样品中有机物分析的前处理技术

综述了顶空法、吹脱－捕集法、固相萃取、微波萃取、超临界流体萃取技术在环境样品前处理中的应用现状并比较了这种几样品处理方法的优缺点。     

干涉成像雷达(INSAR)技术及其应用现状

介绍了干涉成像雷达（ＩＮＳＡＲ）技术的发展历史、基本原理和关键技术,以及星载ＩＮＳＡＲ的处理流程,还介绍了主要的应用领域,特别是ＩＮＳＡＲ在确定兰德斯地震位移场中的应用。说明ＩＮＳＡＲ在三维信息获取及地壳形变监测方面具有良好的应用前景     

微波晶体管放大器的图解设计法

在对线性两端口网络Ｓ参量分析的基础上，给出了利用史密斯圆图设计微波晶体管放大器的一般方法。并与解析设计法进行了比较     

Introduction to plasma astrophysics and cosmology

The year 1996 marks the Centennial Celebration of the founding of Plasma Astrophysics and Cosmology; its origins may be traced to the seminal research first published by Kristian Birkeland in 1896. This special workshop issue reports on advances in issues of importance to the plasma universe; topics as timely as when first raised a century ago.     

微波混频器噪声特性研究

本文讨论了在小信号下混频器内部参数Rs,Cj及混频器所有可能端口(ω_m=ω_o+ω_p) 对总的混频器噪声系数的影响、推导出了噪声系数公式、得出了镜像匹配及抑制下的噪声表达式。     

Einstein Gravity Explorer–a medium-class fundamental physics mission

The Einstein Gravity Explorer mission (EGE) is devoted to a precise measurement of the properties of space-time using atomic clocks. It tests one of the most fundamental predictions of Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, the gravitational redshift, and thereby searches for hints of quantum effects in gravity, exploring one of the most important and challenging frontiers in fundamental physics. The primary mission goal is the measurement of the gravitational redshift with an accuracy up to a factor 10⁴ higher than the best current result. The mission is based on a satellite carrying cold atom-based clocks. The payload includes a cesium microwave clock (PHARAO), an optical clock, a femtosecond frequency comb, as well as precise microwave time transfer systems between space and ground. The tick rates of the clocks are continuously compared with each other, and nearly continuously with clocks on earth, during the course of the 3-year mission. The highly elliptic orbit of the satellite is optimized for the scientific goals, providing a large variation in the gravitational potential between perigee and apogee. Besides the fundamental physics results, as secondary goals EGE will establish a global reference frame for the Earth’s gravitational potential and will allow a new approach to mapping Earth’s gravity field with very high spatial resolution. The mission was proposed as a class-M mission to ESA’s Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025.

A neural network method for monitoring snowstorm: A case study in southern China

It has been observed that low temperature, rainfall, snowfall, frost have never occurred over the past 50 years in the southern China, and weather in this area is very complex, so the monitoring equipments are few. Optical and thermal infrared remote sensing is influenced much by clouds, so the passive microwave Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System （AMSR-E） data are the best choice to monitor and analyze the development of disaster. In order to improve estimation accuracy, the dynamic learn- ing neural network was used to retrieve snow depth. The difference of brightness temperatures of TB18.7v and TB36.sv, TBI8.7H and TB36.sH, TB23,sv and TB89v, TBz3.8H and TB89H are made as four main input nodes and the snow depth is the only one output node of neural network. The mean and the standard deviation of retrieval errors are about 4.8 cm and 6.7 cm relative to the test data of ground measurements. The application analysis indicated that the neural network can be utilized to monitor the change of snow intensity distribution through passive microwave data in the complex weather of the southern China.