A strategy for the determination of the dielectric permittivity of a lossy soil exploiting GPR surface measurements and a cooperative target

In this paper we deal with an indirect measure of the dielectric permittivity of the soil starting from GPR surface data collected on a buried “cooperative” target, meant as an object buried on purpose and whose extent is known a-priori. This target is exploited in order to achieve, from its image obtained from a suitable GPR data processing, an indirect measure of the dielectric permittivity of the embedding soil. GPR data processing is based on a linear microwave tomographic approach funded on the Born Approximation. Using this Born approach on two-dimensional inversion tests, we investigate the effect of the soil's electrical conductivity and permittivity on this indirect measure and demonstrate that the electrical field scattered by a spot-like buried object permits an accurate estimation of the soil permittivity even when no information of the soil conductivity is available.     

一种海面微波散射模式的迭代解

采用随机粗糙面上部分覆盖球形气泡的海面微波散射模式,将非均质大气中的光散射的辐射传输理论推广到此模式中去,得到了辐射强度满足的积分方程关系式。     

利用专题微波辐射成像仪(SSM/I)检测东南极陆面亮温变化

介绍了微波辐射测量面目标表面亮度温度的原理,分析了冰雪的微波辐射特性与亮温特征。利用专题微波成像仪 (SSM/I) 数据研究了 1988 年 1－8 月份东南极内陆冰雪表面亮温变化。首先根据 37 GHz 水平极化辐射亮温 175 oK 等温线推算南极大陆冰外缘线,然后利用 37 GHz 数据计算分析了东南极内陆 1988 年年内 1－8 月的地面亮温均变化。结果表明在东南极内陆的地面亮温年内月均变化不大;在东南极的边缘,其受大洋季候风变化影响发生很大的变化。     

Microwave link rainfall estimation: Effects of link length and frequency,temporal sampling,power resolution,and wet antenna attenuation

Issues associated with microwave link rainfall estimation such as the effects of spatial and temporal variation in rain, the nonlinearity of R–k$R''–''k$ relations, temporal sampling, power resolution, and wet antenna attenuation are investigated using more than 1.5 years of data from a high-resolution X-band weather radar. Microwave link signals are generated for different link frequencies and lengths from these radar data, so that retrieved path-averaged rainfall intensities can be compared to true path-averaged values. Results of these simulations can be linked to the space–time structure of rain. A frequency-dependent relation between the rainfall intensity at an antenna and the attenuation caused by its wetting is derived using microwave link and rain gauge data. It is shown that if the correct temporal sampling strategy is chosen, the effects of the degradation of power resolution and of wet antenna attenuation (if a correction is applied) are minor (i.e., MBE and bias-corrected RMSE are >−20% and <20% of the mean rainfall intensity, respectively) for link frequencies and lengths above ∼20 GHz and ∼2 km, respectively.     

不同天气条件下微波辐射计和风廓线雷达探测数据误差特征分析

为探讨微波辐射计和风廓线雷达探测数据的准确性和可用性,利用天津全运会期间获取的GPS探空资料,分析不同天气条件下微波辐射计探测温湿度、风廓线雷达测风的误差特征.结果表明:晴天、云天和雨天条件下,微波辐射计反演低空温度廓线效果均较好,反演高空温度廓线误差较大,云天条件下,反演的整层温度廓线与探空实测值相关性最优;3种天气...     

实时定标微波辐射计的仿真研究

实时定标微波辐射计是一种新体制的微波辐射计,它能有效地消除系统增益波动和有效本机噪声波动的影响,适合星载应用。对以全功率微波辐射计为基础的实时定标微波辐射计进行了仿真研究,建立了系统各环节的仿真模型。在仿真试验中,采用了快速离散傅里叶变换处理信号,分析并缓解了由于频程跨度大带来的频率分辨率与采样点数之间的矛盾。仿真结果为优化设计提供了重要参考,并证明所建模型准确、有效,也为进一步实现星载环境仿真调试奠定了基础。     

A neural network method for monitoring snowstorm: A case study in southern China

It has been observed that low temperature, rainfall, snowfall, frost have never occurred over the past 50 years in the southern China, and weather in this area is very complex, so the monitoring equipments are few. Optical and thermal infrared remote sensing is influenced much by clouds, so the passive microwave Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System （AMSR-E） data are the best choice to monitor and analyze the development of disaster. In order to improve estimation accuracy, the dynamic learn- ing neural network was used to retrieve snow depth. The difference of brightness temperatures of TB18.7v and TB36.sv, TBI8.7H and TB36.sH, TB23,sv and TB89v, TBz3.8H and TB89H are made as four main input nodes and the snow depth is the only one output node of neural network. The mean and the standard deviation of retrieval errors are about 4.8 cm and 6.7 cm relative to the test data of ground measurements. The application analysis indicated that the neural network can be utilized to monitor the change of snow intensity distribution through passive microwave data in the complex weather of the southern China.     

微波辐射计遥感海洋盐度的研究进展

介绍了微波辐射计遥感海洋盐度的原理,回顾了在海水微波辐射亮度温度模型,机载、星载微波辐射计遥感海洋盐度实验,以及星载微波辐射计研究计划方面的进展。指出了为提高海洋盐度测量精度和空间分辨率,在盐度遥感机理、微波辐射计、及盐度反演研究方面的发展趋势。     

微波波段大气折射率结构常数的仿真研究

大气折射率结构常数描述了大气湍流起伏的强弱,它表征了大气折射率随机不均匀性的剧烈程度。光波和无线电波在大气中传播时会受到大气湍流的影响而产生各种不良效应,如:光斑漂移、闪烁、相位起伏等。因此,对大气折射率结构常数的研究具有重要的意义。本文利用常规探空资料对微波波段大气折射率结构常数进行了仿真研究,结果表明:在低空,特别是大气边界层之内,大气折射率结构常数主要为湿度所贡献;在高空,大气折射率结构常数主要为温度所贡献。在微波波段,影响大气折射率结构常数最大的气象因子并不是温湿压的大小,而是它们梯度的大小,其中湿度梯度的大小对其影响最大,在实际的低空测量大气折射率结构常数时,主要考虑湿度梯度与温度梯度的影响。     

基于风云三号气象卫星微波亮温资料反演东北地区土壤湿度及其对比分析

土壤湿度在陆面过程中发挥着重要作用,是联系陆地水循环和能量循环的纽带和关键环节。遥感技术可以实时地对土壤湿度进行长期、大区域动态监测,已成为监测土壤湿度的有效手段。本文基于风云三号气象卫星（FY3B）微波亮温资料,利用基于微波能量辐射传输方程的陆面参数反演模型（LPRM）反演了中国东北地区的土壤湿度（FY3B_LPRM）。把反演获得的FY3BLRPM土壤湿度与中国气象局农业气象站土壤湿度观测资料、NCEP和ERA-Interim土壤湿度再分析资料、欧洲空间局多卫星融合ECV（Essential Climate Variable）土壤湿度产品和国家卫星气象中心FY3B官方土壤湿度产品（FY3B_offical）进行了对比分析。结果表明:（1）本文反演的FY3B土壤湿度与农业气象站观测资料有较高的一致性;卫星土壤湿度整体上呈现自西向东逐渐增加的空间变化,与农业气象站观测资料较为一致;在季节变化上,两者高度相关,在大部分地区的相关系数都达到0.7以上。（2）在大兴安岭和东北三省东部等地表相对湿润的地区,FY3B_LPRM土壤湿度与NCEP、ERA-Interim和FY3B_offical土壤湿度呈现较强的负相关;再分析资料和FY3B_offical土壤湿度均无法反映该地区土壤干湿状况的季节性变化,甚至与观测资料呈反位相变化特征。FY3B_LPRM土壤湿度与欧洲空间局研发的多卫星融合ECV土壤湿度产品在绝大多数地区有较好的一致性。本文基于风云三号极轨气象卫星微波亮温反演的土壤湿度资料,可用于干旱监测、数值同化与天气预报、水文水资源等领域。