岩溶塌陷灾害的岩溶地下水气压力监测技术及应用

文章系统、全面地介绍了岩溶地下水气压力监测技术及其应用成果。该技术在监测成孔、孔口的密封及监测频率等方面创新性地提出了相关的工艺方法,能真实、及时且充分地反映出岩溶管道裂隙系统中的地下水气压力变化特点,可为岩溶塌陷的机理研究、监测和预警提供科学依据。岩溶地下水气压力监测技术工艺简单、操作方便、成本低廉,经过20多年的改进,已成功应用于全国11个典型岩溶塌陷区,服务于高铁、水源地、油气管线、市政建设等潜在岩溶塌陷风险性评价、安全降深、监测预警等方面,取得了很好的效果。      

临汾地震台摆式倾斜仪的监测能力

我国境内几次中强震及山西地区6次有感地震前,临汾地震台两种摆式倾斜仪存在有不同反映,探讨不同摆式倾斜仪对同一地震监测能力的差异性和同一仪器对不同地震的异常反映能力,结果表明：①摆式倾斜仪监测震兆信息的距离范围由仪器自身的监测能力（综合噪声水平及观测精度）和未来震级的大小所决定;②对于不同地震,两摆式倾斜仪所表现出的异常形态不同,即便在同一观测仪器上表现出来的异常形态也存在差异;同一地震两摆式倾斜仪所反映的异常并非呈相关一致性,而且同一仪器的不同方向对异常信息的捕捉能力也存在明显差异。     

Spatial and temporal variability of hard-bottom macrofauna in a disturbed coastal lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Po River Delta, Northwestern Adriatic Sea)

The sessile and mobile macrobenthos on artificial hard bottoms was studied in 12 stations of the Sacca di Goro lagoon, a brackish, highly stressed water basin in the delta of the river Po, open to the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. Three sampling surveys were carried out in June and September 2000 and June 2001 in order to make three types of temporal comparisons: (i) on a seasonal scale, before and after a summer dystrophic event; (ii) on an annual basis, before and after the works of excavation of a canal through the outer sand bank; (iii) on a multiannual scale, comparing the data with those of a survey carried out in 1988. The biocoenoses did not show large fluctuations after a moderately severe summer dystrophic crisis, while the digging of the canal caused clear changes in the macrobenthos community structure after one year. The long-term comparison showed a shift in the community patterns after a decade.     

新疆帕米尔跃动冰川遥感监测研究

2015年5月,新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州阿克陶县公格尔九别峰北坡克拉牙依拉克冰川发生跃动,造成草场和部分房屋被冰体淹没,本文针对这一冰川跃动事件的发生过程进行研究.利用2013-2015年间ASTER立体像对数据监测了克拉牙依拉克冰川的冰川表面高程的变化,并利用2015年4月13日至2015年7月11日期间的LandsatOLI数据监测了冰川的表面运动速度变化.监测发现,克拉牙依拉克冰川从2015年4月13号开始活动强烈,表面运动速度呈加快趋势,2015年5月8-15日期间冰川表面运动速度达到最高水平,其最大运动速度在西支中部达到了(20.40±0.42)m·d^-1,冰川跃动达到顶峰.冰川跃动"积蓄区"位于西支冰川平衡线以下区域,跃动向下游接收区输送冰体体积约为2.4×10⁸m³,大量冰体堆积在东西支汇合口地段(海拔3100~3500m),造成了该处冰面隆起,其中最大隆起高度为(130.58±0.70)m.本文获得了西支冰川由静止期、跃动状态、恢复到稳定状态期间的冰面高程和表面运动速度变化,为本地区冰川跃动机理的研究奠定了基础.     

煤矿“一张图”概念及其体系结构研究

结合参与国土资源部"一张图"工程的亲身感受及其所取得的成果,并在分析了煤矿信息化建设存在不足的基础上,提出了煤矿"一张图"的概念及其体系结构,详细探讨了煤矿"一张图"的关键技术和构建步骤,最后结合煤矿"一张图"的体系结构,分析了其在矿区安全监测监控管理中的应用,实现了基于采掘工程平面图的监测监控、人员定位应用等。     

5000 m新型能源勘探智能钻探装备与技术研究

结合我国地下新型能源勘探工作的重大需求,开展了“5000 m新型能源勘探智能钻探装备与技术”的研究,取得了5000 m多功能交流变频电动钻机、多参数孔底自动监测装置、高温环保泥浆及泥浆性能自动测量装置、取心和无心钻进不提钻互换钻具等系列成果,填补了国内空白,推动了新型能源深部钻探技术向智能化方向发展。     

应用多传感器目标跟踪融合技术实现滑坡多点监测数据综合信息的提取

目前的滑坡预报模型只能利用一个关键监测点的监测数据，而不能同时利用多个监测点的监测信息，即只能处理一维时间序列问题.为了解决这个技术难题，本文将滑坡视为一个机动目标，将对滑坡的监测视为对机动目标的跟踪，提出了利用多传感器目标跟踪融合技术来处理滑坡多个点的监测数据的方法，分析了其可行性，并用实例说明了本文提出的方法在实际应用中是有效的.     

A novel dynamic stretching solution to eliminate saturation effect in NDVI and its application in drought monitoring

The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) is one of the key input variables for developing drought indices.However,the NDVI quickly saturates in high vegetation surfaces,and thus,the generalization of a drought index over different ecosystems becomes a challenge.This paper presents a novel,dynamic stretching algorithm to overcome the saturation effect in NDVI.A scaling transformation function to eliminate saturation effects when the vegetation fraction(VF) is large is proposed.Dynamic range adjustment is conducted using three coefficients,namely,the normalization factor(a),the stretching range controlling factor(m),and the stretching size controlling factor(e).The results show that the stretched NDVI(S-NDVI) is more sensitive to vegetation fraction than NDVI when the VF is large,ranging from 0.75 to 1.00.Moreover,the saturation effect in NDVI is effectively removed by using the S-NDVI.Further analysis suggests that there is a good linear correlation between the S-NDVI and the leaf area index(LAI).At the same time,the proposed S-NDVI significantly reduces or even eliminates the saturation effect over high biomass.A comparative analysis is performed between drought indices derived from NDVI and S-NDVI,respectively.In the experiment,reflectance data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) products and in-situ observation data from the meteorological sites at a regional scale are used.In this study,the coefficient of determination(R2) of the stretched drought index(S-DI) is above 0.5,indicating the reliability of the proposed algorithm with surface soil moisture content.Thus,the S-DI is suggested to be used as a drought index in extended regions,thus regional heterogeneity should be taken into account when applying stretching method.     

PDCA循环法用于专业硕士产教融合培养模式研究

为满足新时代对卓越工程技术人才的需求,本文在分析专业硕士培养现状基础上,从人才培养方案入手,提出了PDCA理念用于产教深度融合培养模式,讨论了产教深度融合培养的目标制定、计划落实、课程体系开发、导师团队优化及实践基地的质量保障建设等方面的模式与对策,论述了专业硕士研究生培养的质量监控体系,总结出教育教学各环节的计划、执...