Feeding ecology of whelks on an intertidal sand flat in north‐eastern New Zealand

The dispersion patterns and feeding behaviour of intertidal whelks were investigated in north‐eastern New Zealand. Aggregations of whelks feeding on clams occurred regularly, with an average of 15–20 individuals per aggregation. Death of clams was attributable to predation in up to 50% of the aggregations, although scavenging of dead and moribund animals was the main activity of whelks. Laboratory and field studies showed that Lepsiella scobina (generally not considered a soft shore species) was the main whelk predator at Lews Bay, Whangateau Harbour, drilling a small neat hole through the clam shell. The distinction between Cominella spp. as predators or scavengers is not so clear. Reseeding of intertidal clams, Austrovenus stutchburyi, has been proposed as a technique for reestablishing populations in some degraded New Zealand estuaries. The impact of whelk predation has many implications for A. stutchburyi reseeding. Both L. scobina and Cominella adspersa may potentially prey on newly reseeded clams as they preferentially attacked small clams in the laboratory. On‐growing to a larger size before reseeding may be advantageous although large size was not found to protect prey from predation. Additionally, no seasonal trend in whelk activity was found.     

盐水处理对沙拐枣气体交换特征、光合色素和可溶性糖含量的影响

通过对室外不同浓度盐水(0、4、12、20、28 g/L粗盐)灌溉的桶栽沙拐枣(Calligonum spp.)气体交换参数、光合色素和可溶性糖含量随时间变化情况的分析结果表明:随着盐处理时间的延续,(1)低盐(4～12 g/L)处理条件下沙拐枣光合作用先逐渐增强,后又因非气孔因素限制而下降;高盐(20～28 g/L)处理条件下植株前期受气孔因素限制,后期受非气孔因素限制,光合作用严重下降.(2)不同盐处理条件下沙拐枣叶绿素a(chla)、叶绿素b(chlb)、总叶绿素(chl)含量均下降,类胡萝卜素(car)、chla/b、car/chl先增加后下降,但低盐处理较高盐处理变化小.(3)低盐处理对沙拐枣可溶性糖含量变化不大,而高盐处理下其极显著增加.因此,短期低盐处理促进沙拐枣光合作用,但长期盐处理亦使植物光合作用下降;高盐处理抑制沙拐枣生长,长期处理将导致植物死亡.     

短钝溞（Daphnia obtusa Kurz)在碳酸盐型水体中的移植驯化与培养

从西太湖梅梁湾分离出野生水华微囊藻,得到水华微囊藻在半固体培养基上的纯藻株。研究太湖水华微囊藻在室内不同氮,磷浓度下的生长特征,发现在氮浓度在１７ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１,磷逍度为１．７ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１左右进,微囊藻日增长率最大。比较自然状态和室内培养条件下微囊藻的生长情况,可知野生微囊藻一般能形成较大的群体,室内液体培养基的营养盐浓度远高于野外,却难以得到大群体微微藻,从此实验结果来看,营养盐浓度与微囊藻在     

太湖梅梁湾藻类及相关环境因子逐步回归统计和蓝藻水华的初步预测

以太湖梅梁湾1992－1999年的连续监测资料为基础,运用多元逐步回归统计方法,选择水温等15项环境理化因素与藻类叶绿素a、藻类总生物量和微囊藻生物量等3项生物因素进行逐步回归分析,找出与生物因素显著相关的环境因子,建立多元逐步回归方程,预测梅梁湾藻类生物量的变化情况,初步进行了梅梁湾蓝藻水华的预测预报,结果显示,水温和总磷为梅梁湾藻类总生物量的显著相关因子,水温、硝态氮和总氮为微囊藻一物量的显著相关因子。     

汾河(太原市景区段)微囊藻的分子多样性及产毒能力

对太原市汾河景区采集到的微囊藻进行分离纯化,得到7株微囊藻藻株,运用ITS、PC-IGS和gyrB基因序列构建系统树来研究其分子多样性.结果表明,太原市汾河景区微囊藻具有一定的分子多样性.采用mcyA基因和ELISA检测两种方法,即全细胞PCR测定微囊藻毒素合成酶基因A( mcyA),对这些藻株的微囊藻毒素进行测定,检...     

一株产碱性磷酸酶附生菌对微囊藻生长的影响

为研究产碱性磷酸酶(ALP)细菌对微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)从有机磷中获得磷营养的影响,从微囊藻群体中分离获得一株产ALP附生菌Y6,通过ITS分子鉴定该菌属赤杆菌属(Erythrobacter).探讨该菌在有机磷条件下对微囊藻生长及生理代谢的影响,结果表明:(1)细菌发酵液中ALP活性与Y...     

低浓度硝态氮促进微囊藻累积多聚磷酸盐

2016年以来太湖总磷浓度高位波动而总氮浓度持续下降,藻细胞内源性磷释放是湖泊水体总磷的重要来源,而多聚磷酸盐作为藻细胞内磷的储存库,其含量变化会显著影响藻细胞内源性磷的释放量.针对上述现象,开展了不同硝态氮浓度影响野外水华蓝藻及实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)利用磷特别是合成多...     

Biosorption of Cd (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) Ions by Aqueous Solutions of Novel Alkalophillic Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. Biomass

Discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. Biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive biomass of microbial organisms is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution. The search of marine actinobacteria with potential heavy metal biosorption ability resulted in the identification of a novel alkalophilic Streptomyces VITSVK5 species. The biosorption property of Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. was investigated by absorbing heavy metals Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Physiochemical characteristics and trace metal concentration analysis of the backwater showed the concentrations of different metals were lead 13±2.1 μg L⁻¹, cadmium 3.1±0.3μg L⁻¹, zinc 8.4±2.6μg L⁻¹ and copper 0.3±0.1μg L⁻¹, whereas mercury was well below the detection limit. The effect of pH and biomass dosage on removal efficiency of heavy metal ions was also investigated. The optimum pH for maximal biosorption was 4.0 for Cd (II) and 5.0 for Pb (II) with 41% and 84% biosorption respectively. The biosorbent dosage was optimized as 3 g L-1 for both the trace metals. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum results indicated the chemical interactions of hydrogen atoms in carboxyl (-COOH), hydroxyl (-CHOH) and amine (-NH₂) groups of biomass with the metal ions. This could be mainly involved in the biosorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) onto Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. The results of our study revealed Streptomyces metabolites could be used to develop a biosorbent for adsorbing metal ions from aqueous environments.     

云南抚仙湖流域废弃磷矿区水污染现状

为了探讨不同形态磷酸盐对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）和蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）藻细胞生长的影响,采用3种不同形态的磷酸盐：磷酸氢二钾（K2HPO4）,焦磷酸钠（Na4P2O7）和一聚磷酸钠（Na5P3O10）作为BG-11培养基中的添加磷源．从两种藻的生长趋势可以看出,在K2HPO4培养基中小球藻在生长初期生长速度显著高于微囊藻,当小球藻的生长到达静止期时,微囊藻的生长速度便超过了小球藻且其藻密度也高于小球藻;而在焦磷酸钠和二三聚磷酸钠培养基中,小球藻的生长速度要显著高于微囊藻．同时微囊藻和小球藻在K2HPO4培养基中的生长速度则始终高于另两种磷酸盐培养基中的生长速度．藻细胞碱性磷酸酶活性变化曲线也显示,小球藻的磷利用能力要高于微囊藻．由此可见,小球藻对磷的吸收利用能力高于微囊藻,从而表明铜绿微囊藻成为水华优势种并不是取决于其对磷酸盐的吸收利用能力。     

铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻光合利用碳酸氢盐探讨

为了探讨羹类光合过程对碳酸氧盐的利用,研究不同pH值下铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻的净光合速率,并着重研究这两株藻的碳酸氢盐摄取速率.结果表明,从弱酸性到弱碱性,四尾栅藻的净光合速率都比铜绿微囊藻高.由pH值超过pH转折点后的无机碳摄取速率计算得到的碳酸氢盐摄取速率对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻分别为142.14和314.08μmo1DIC/(g·h,FW),故这两株藻都可利用碳酸氢盐作为碳源进行光合,且均为强碳酸氧盐利用者;但是,四尾栅藻对碳酸氲盐的利用能力强于铜绿微囊藻.另外,与四尾栅藻相比,铜绿微囊藻的碳酸氧盐摄取速率更易受抑制剂的抑制.